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MICRONUTRIENTS & ITS BENEFITS
Syed Saeed Ur Rehman ShahRgional Business ManagerFarmers Equity Pakistan Pvt. Ltd.
ESSENTIAL PLANT NUTRIENTS
Macronutrients Required in relatively large amounts.
Micronutrients Required in small amounts. Minor or trace elements.
MACRONUTRIENTS
Fall into one of three categories: Non-Mineral Elements Primary Nutrients Secondary Nutrients
NON-MINERAL ELEMENTS
(C) Carbon (H) Hydrogen (O) Oxygen
PRIMARY NUTRIENTS
(N) Nitrogen (P) Phosphorus (K) Potassium
SECONDARY NUTRIENTS
(Ca) Calcium (Mg) Magnesium (S) Sulfur
MACRONUTRIENTS
Macronutrients are needed in relatively large amounts by plants.
Element Symbol Source
Oxygen O Air/Water
Hydrogen H Air/Water
Carbon C Air/Water
Nitrogen N Soil
Phosphorus P Soil
Sulfur S Soil
Potassium K Soil
Calcium Ca Soil
Magnesium Mg Soil
MICRONUTRIENTS
(Fe) Iron (Cu) Copper (Zn) Zinc (B) Boron
(Mo) Molybdenum (Mn) Manganese (Cl) Chlorine
MICRONUTRIENTS
Macronutrients are needed in relatively small amounts by plants.
They are usually supplied by fertilizers.
Element Symbol Source
Iron Fe Soil
Manganese Mn Soil
Boron B Soil
Molybdenum Mo Soil
Copper Cu Soil
Zinc Zn Soil
Chlorine Cl Soil
WHY FOLIAR NUTRITION NOW !
Large Yields
Higher Populatio
ns
Marginal Soils
High rate of
fertilizers
Crop intensity
& rotationGenetics
Function & Deficiency
Symptoms of Nutrients
Several factors can affect occurrence of deficiency symptoms Soil test level also consider texture, CEC, OM, pH, etc. Soil conditions, e.g., temperature compaction moisture Salinity
Tillage practicesRoot pruning Nutrient interactionsP-Zn
Herbicide, disease, or insect damage
Nutrient Mobility in the PlantTranslocated Symptoms appear in older leaves
firstnitrogenphosphorouspotassiumMagnesiumNot translocated
Symptoms appear in younger leaves
firstsulfurcalciumboron, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, chloride
WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY NUTRIENTS NEEDED BY ALL CROPSWHAT ARE THE PRIMARY NUTRIENTS NEEDED BY ALL CROPS
Nutrient
Nitrogen (N)
Potassium (K)
Phosphorus (P)
Soil (lb/a)*
400 – 8,000
800 - 60,000
400 – 10,000
Crop (lb/a)**
80
40
12
SECONDARY NUTRIENTS NEEDEDBY ALL CROPSSECONDARY NUTRIENTS NEEDEDBY ALL CROPS
Nutrient
Calcium
Magnesium
Sulfur
Soil (lb/a)*
14,000 – 1,000,000
1,200 - 12,000
60 – 20,000
Crop (lb/a)**
16
8
6
WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY NUTRIENTS NEEDED BY ALL CROPSWHAT ARE THE PRIMARY NUTRIENTS NEEDED BY ALL CROPS
Nutrient
Nitrogen (N)
Potassium (K)
Phosphorus (P)
Soil (lb/a)*
400 – 8,000
800 - 60,000
400 – 10,000
Crop (lb/a)**
80
40
12
MICRONUTRIENTS NEEDED BY ALL CROPSMICRONUTRIENTS NEEDED BY ALL CROPS
Nutrient
Iron
Manganese
Copper
Zinc
Boron
Chlorine
Molybdenum
Soil (lb/a)*14,000 – 1,100,000
40 – 6,000
4 - 200
20 - 600
4 - 200
40 – 1,800
0.4 - 10
Crop (lb/a)**
1
0.8
0.08
0.6
0.08
4
0.0008
Cotton
Make a Preliminary Diagnosis
• Discoloration
• Nutrient deficiencies
• Diseases
• Herbicide or salt injury
N management of cotton Uptake may reach 1-2 Kg/A/day during mid boll fill
Approximately 20% of seasonal needs should be supplied pre-bloom
Supply remainder of N should be supplied during boll development period
Soil N should be depleted as bolls begin to open to avoid delayed maturity
N deficient cotton Early and mid seasonYellowish-green leaf color and small young leavesStunted plantsShortened fruiting branchesMany bolls shed in the first 10-12 days after flowering Late seasonReddening in the middle of the canopyReduced boll retention at late fruiting positionsShorter flowering period, accelerated leaf senescence, and early cut-out
FUNCTIONS OF PHOSPHORUS IN COTTON PRODUCTION
Promotes early boll development and hastens maturity
Essential for vigorous root and shoot growth
Helps overcome the effects of compaction
Increases water use efficiency A 2 bale crop can take up more than 50
lb P2O5/A
P DEFICIENT COTTON SYMPTOMS ARE NOT DISTINCT IN COTTON,
Stunting Dark leaves Flowering delayed Poor boll retention Premature leaf senescence
POTASSIUM IN COTTON PRODUCTION
Bolls are major sinks for K, uptake may peak at as much as 1-2 Kg K2O/A/day during boll development.
About 70% of total uptake occurs after first bloom.
Affects quality (micronaire, length, and strength) Increases water use efficiency Reduces the incidence and severity of wilt
diseases A 2 bale crop will take-up about 80Kg K2O
POTASSIUM DEFICIENT COTTON
Potassium deficient cottonAffects older leaves first in early seasono Begins as
scorching of leaf margin
o Affects both yield and quality
Late season affects younger leaves
FOLIAR K ON COTTON
Response to mid-season foliar K is likely when soil K is low (low soil test level or fixation)
Applications at 2 week intervals should begin at or soon after 1st flower 2 Kg K2O/A per application
SULFUR DEFICIENT COTTON
Symptoms similar to N but occur on younger leaves in upper canopy first
Leaf veins tend to remain green
MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
• Interveinal chlorosis in younger leaves • Zn deficiency can result in
leathery, upturned leaves and bronzing
ZINC DEFICIENCY IN COTTON
BORON
Deficiency Symptoms Short, thick stems
tips. Young leaves of
terminal buds are light green at base.
Leaves become twisted & die.
THANK YOU
Questions ?
NP K
Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn Cu, Zn, B, Mo, I