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FRBR
Functional
Requirements for
Bibliographic
Records
Why Learn About FRBR?
1. Theoretical foundation of RDA, the new cataloguing rules
2. Need to understand the terminology at the very least to use RDA
3. Increasingly used as basis of thinking and talking about catalogues and discovery systems, e.g. Explore.
Paris Principles (1961)
2. Functions of the CatalogueThe catalogue should be an efficient instrument for
ascertaining
2.1. whether the library contains a particular book specified by
(a) its author and title, or
(b) if the author is not named in the book, its title alone, or
(c) if author and title are inappropriate or insufficient for identification, a suitable substitute for the title; and
2.2. (a) which works by a particular author and
(b) which editions of a particular work are in the library
FRBR (1997)
Defined user tasks (from section 6.1):
• Find entities that correspond to the user’s search criteria
• Identify the entity (confirm that the entity found is the entity the user sought)
• Select an entity from the resulting group appropriate to the user’s needs
• Obtain the selected entity
FRBR Entities Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Work
A distinct intellectual or artistic creation.
Expression
The intellectual realization of a work in notation, sound, image, movement, etc., or any combination of such forms.
Manifestation
The physical embodiment of an expression of a work.
Item
A single exemplar of a manifestation.
Attributes: Work
Attributes: Expression
Attributes: Manifestation
Attributes: Item
Attributes: Person
Relationships: Groups 1 and 2
Relationships: Groups 1 and 2
Relationships: Group 1
FRBR Example
Example of FRBR, based on Michael Ondaatje’s The English patient:
• http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucyltpm/cat/frbrtraining/frbr_example.html
Work: Newton’s Principia[Newton’s Principia (Work)]
– (title) “Principia”– (form) “treatise”– (date) “1687”– <is created by> [Isaac Newton, 1642-1727 (Person)]– <is realized through>
• [Newton’s Principia in Latin, 1726 (Expression)]
• [Newton’s Principia in English, 1729 (Expression)]
• [Newton’s Principia in English, 1999 (Expression)]
Newton, Isaac, Sir, 1642-1727.
Expression: Newton’s Principia in Latin, 1726
[Newton’s Principia in Latin, 1726 (Expression)]–(title) “Philosophiæ naturalis principia mathematica”–(form) “text”–(date) “1726”–(language) “Latin”–<is embodied in> [Newton’s Principia in Latin, 1871 (Manifestation)]
Manifestation: Newton’s Principia in Latin, 1871
[Newton’s Principia in Latin, 1871 (Manifestation)]– (title) “Sir Isaac Newton’s Principia”– (place of publication) “Glasgow”– (publisher) “James Maclehose”– (date) “1871”– <is exemplified by> [30217010236531 (Item)]
Item: 30217010236531
[30217010236531(Item)]– (identifier) “30217010236531”
Expression: Newton’s Principia in English, 1729
[Newton’s Principia in English, 1729 (Expression)]– (title) “The mathematical principles of natural philosophy”– (form) “text”– (date) “1729”– (language) “English”– <is translated by> [Andrew Motte, d. 1734]– <is embodied in> [Newton’s Principia in English, 1934
(Manifestation)]
Manifestation: Newton’s Principia in English, 1934
Newton’s Principia in Latin, 1934 (Manifestation)– (title) “Sir Isaac Newton’s Mathematical principles of natural
philosophy and his system of the world”– (statement of responsibility) “translated into English by
Andrew Motte in 1729”– (place of publication) “Cambridge”– (publisher) “Cambridge University Press”– (date) “1934”– <is exemplified by> [30217009902085 (Item)]
Item: 3021700902085
[3021700902085 (Item)]•(identifier) “3021700902085”
Expression: Newton’s Principia in English, 1999
[Newton’s Principia in English, 1999 (Expression)]– (title) “The principia : mathematical principles of natural
philosophy”– (form) “text”– (date) “1999”– (language) “English”– <is translated by> [I. Bernard Cohen, 1914-2003]– <is translated by> [Anne Miller Whitman, 1937-1984]– <is embodied in> [Newton’s Principia in English, 1999
(Manifestation)]
Manifestation: Newton’s Principia in English, 1999
[Newton’s Principia in English, 1999 (Manifestation)]– (title) “The principia : mathematical principles of natural
philosophy”– (statement of responsibility) “a new translation by I.
Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman”– (place of publication) “Berkeley”– (publisher) “University of California Press”– (date) “1999”– <is exemplified by> [2809033542 (Item)]
Item: 2809033542
[2809033542 (Item)]
•(identifier) “2809033542”
Combined details: Newton’s Principia in English, 1934 (Manifestation)
Newton’s Principia (Work)– title: Principia– form: treatise– date: 1687– is created by Isaac Newton, 1642-1727.
Newton’s Principia in English, 1729 (Expression)– title: The mathematical principles of natural philosophy– form: text– date: 1729– language: English– is translated by: Andrew Motte, d. 1734
Newton’s Principia in English, 1934 (Manifestation)– title: Sir Isaac Newton’s Mathematical principles of natural philosophy and his system of
the world– statement of responsibility: translated into English by Andrew Motte in 1729– place of publication: Cambridge– publisher: Cambridge University Press– date: 1934– is exemplified by: 30217009902085 (Item)
Combined details in MARC fields: Newton’s Principia in Latin, 1934 (Manifestation)
(Work)– 100$a Isaac Newton, 1642-1727.– 240$a Principia
(Expression)– 240$l English– 240$f 1729– 700$a Andrew Motte, d. 1734
(Manifestation)– 245$a Sir Isaac Newton’s Mathematical principles of natural philosophy and
his system of the world– 245$c translated into English by Andrew Motte in 1729– 260$a Cambridge– 260$b Cambridge University Press– 260$c 1934– is exemplified by 30217009902085 (Item)
FRBR Example 2
Example of FRBR, based on three editions of Newton’s Principia:
• http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucyltpm/cat/frbrtraining/frbr_example_newton.html
Related standards
• FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
• FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data, formerly FRAR)
• FRANAR (Functional Requirements And Numbering of Authority Records, the title of a Working Group that authored FRAD and ISADN)
• FRAR (see FRAD)
• FRSAD (Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data, formerly FRSAR)
• FRSAR (see FRSAD)• FRBRoo (FRBR object-oriented)
FRAD (Person) details for Isaac Newton
[Isaac Newton, 1642-1727 (Person)]
– (date of birth) “1642”
– (date of death) “1727”
– (title of person) “Sir”
– (gender) “male”
– (place of birth): “Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, Lincolnshire”
– (place of death) “London”
– (country) “England”
– (place of residence) “England”
– (affiliation): “University of Cambridge”
– (language of person) “English”, “Latin”
– (field of activity) “science”, “mathematics”
– (profession/occupation) “scholar”, “Master of the Mint”
– <has appellation> [Sir Isaac Newton (Name)]
FRAD (Name) details for Sir Isaac Newton
[Sir Isaac Newton (Name)]– (type of name) “personal”– (name string) “Sir Isaac Newton”– (language of name) “English”– (script of name): “Latin”– <earlier name relationship> [Isaac Newton (Name)]– <is basis for> [LC Name Authority Record 79007443]
Is it any good?• A theoretical underpinning to cataloguing practice
• Clarifies the role of things like uniform titles
• Focuses on user needs
• Influential in the design of catalogues and discovery systems: should make search more intuitive
• Entity-relationship model fits well with linked data, even if WEMI doesn’t
• Not widely tested (although see Scherzo: http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/scherzo/)
• Not implemented on a big scale
• Very rigid model
• Uses attributes instead of entities
• Only ever a draft
• Describes abstract things
• Hard to grasp
• Much overlap/confusion between WEMI entities
• What does an electronic Item look like?
• How do ebooks, ejournals, websites, etc, fit into FRBR model?• Aggregates
FRBR and Explore
• Groups records into Works based on author/title (100/245) and author/uniform title (100/240) matches
• Shows Manifestations within Works groups, skipping Expressions, although some Expression information is available using the facets (e.g. language)
• Details for Works are taken from one Manifestation (although not publisher any more): misleading
• Does not show relationships• Only Manifestations are treated as entities, not Works or Persons
Data needs to be FRBRised for Explore or any other system to do it properly.
More InformationStandards•[FRBR] Functional requirements for bibliographic records : final report / IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. München : K.G. Saur, 1998. http://www.ifla.org/publications/functional-requirements-for-bibliographic-records•[FRAD] Functional requirements for authority data : a conceptual model / edited by Glenn E. Patton. München: K.G. Saur, 2009. http://www.ifla.org/publications/functional-requirements-for-authority-data•[FRSAD] Functional requirements for subject authority data (FRSAD) : a conceptual model / edited by Marcia Lei Zeng, Maja Žumer & Athena Salaba. http://www.ifla.org/node/5849
Other Works•FRBR : a guide for the perplexed / Robert L. Maxwell. Chicago : American Library Association, 2008. A good thorough run through of FRBR, including some criticism, and the different approaches taken by FRBR and FRAD.•Understanding FRBR : what it is and how it will affect our retrieval tools / edited by Arlene G. Taylor. Westport, Conn. : Libraries Unlimited, 2007. A collection of articles including several introductory ones. Not always as accessible as it could be.•Introducing RDA : a guide to the basics / Chris Oliver. London : Facet, 2010. Includes a good brief introduction to FRBR and FRAD. Chris Oliver was appointed copy editor of RDA in 2011 with the task of rewriting the text for readability.•Practical cataloguing : AACR, RDA and MARC 21 / Anne Welsh and Sue Batley. London : Facet, 2012. Includes good brief introduction to FRBR (chapter 2) and FRBR as the foundation of RDA (chapter 5).•Library of Congress (LC) RDA Training Materials. http://www.loc.gov/catworkshop/RDA%20training%20materials/LC%20RDA%20Training/LC%20RDA%20course%20table.html Includes various slides, manuals, webinars, quizzes, etc. on FRBR.
Training•FRBR for the Terrified. Run by CILIP CIG in various places in the UK. Look out for new courses on their blog: http://communities.cilip.org.uk/blogs/catalogueandindex/
FRBR[FRBR presentation]
(title) “FRBR”
(date) “13 March 2013”
<created by> [Thomas Meehan]
[Thomas Meehan](address) [email protected]
(profession/occupation) “Head of Current Cataloguing”
<has appellation> “Thomas Meehan”
