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University of Salahaddin College of Education Biology department
Plant Fruit
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Preparated by: Halala Rahman Qadir M.Sc. Plant physiology
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Outline Objectives Fruit • Definition of fruit • Two main Types of fruit• Important of fruit• Nutritional value of fruit• Development of fruit• Types of fruit
Home work Next lecture Reference
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The objects are:
Definition of fruit
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Understanding the structure of fruitLearning about some types of fruit
Advantages of fruit
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Definition of fruit
• In botany, a fruit is a part of a flowering plant that derives from specific tissues of the flower, one or more ovaries, and in some cases accessory tissues.
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Fruit
Meaning of fruit Fruit is an old French word that is derived from the
Latin word fructus, which roughly means a profit.
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In scientific terms, a fruit is the seed-bearing part of the plant that important to plant and other organisms.
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Tow main types of fruit
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Two main types of fruit
Culinary vegetables Botanical fruits
This diagram representing the relationship between (culinary) vegetables and botanical fruits
The important of fruit1- Protect Your Health which contain mineral, fiber and
vitamin.2- Fruits are Powerful of Phytochemicals:
photochemical that help "fight" to protect your health.
3-Fruits are Weight Management Because low in calories, can help you control your weight by eating more fruits and fewer high-calorie foods.
4- For producing plant, Fruits carry the seeds of the plant.
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Nutritional values of fruit
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Nutritional value Fiber
Total carbohydrates
Protein
Potassium
Sodium
Total fat
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Development of fruit1-Growth of flower (development male and
female part).
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2-Pollination process (travel pollen to the female).
3-Fertilization process Fused the pollen with the female(ovum) to form embryo
5-Development of fruit (exocarp, mesocarp andendocarp).
4-Seed formation.
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Fig(1): The structure of the flower
FIGURE (2): THE STRUCTURE OF FRUIT
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Types of fruit
1-1-Berries: These fruit types have a soft exocarp
,the mesocarp and endocarp is fleshly, such as
Tomato
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1-Fleshy Simple Fruits
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Tomato
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1-2-Drupe: exocarp is soft, the mesocarp is fleshy and
the endocarp is hard and stony that fits closely around
the seed, such as plum.
Types of fruit
plum
2-1-Dry Dehiscent Fruits
2-1-1-Legume: These fruit types are dry dehiscent fruits
that have pods that split on two sides. The list of fruits
under legumes are Bean
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2-Dry fruit
Types of fruit
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2-2-Dry Indehiscent Fruits
2-2-1-Achene:The pericarp is easily separable from the seed
coat. The fruits of buckwheat and sunflower family come
under this type of fruit.
Type of fruits
sunflower buckwheat
Home work
Q/ What is the type fruit in Cucumber?
Q/ Write the factors that effect on the fruit formation?
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Next lecture
• We will talk about the stem of the plant and its types.
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1-Mauseth, James. D. (2003).Botany An Introduction to
Plant Biology. Jones and Bartlett. pp. 271–272.
2-Schlegel, Rolf H. J. ( 2003).Encyclopedic Dictionary of
Plant Breeding and Related Subjects. Haworth Press.
p. 177
3-Lewis, Robert. A. ( 2002).CRC Dictionary of
Agricultural Sciences.
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References
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