What is globalization?

The term Globalization refers to the processes of international integration arising from the interchange

of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Advances in transports and telecommunication, in

particular the Internet, are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural

activities.

What are the effects of globalization on Economics

and Politics?

…but now let’s discover…

We are going to analyze them according to these four points

Civil rights

citizenship

immigration

“ius soli”

Civil rights Human rights are a major dimension of normative globalization.  How governments

everywhere should behave towards their residents is prescribed in general terms by

human rights, which rely on global communication systems to acquire and distribute

information. 

Moreover, human rights advocates rely on economic globalization, i.e. the fact that nearly all countries are involved in world trade and investment, to use economic incentives in order to push countries towards compliance with human rights norms.

Citizenship Nowadays it seems that the word

“citizenship” doesn’t mean being part of a nation anymore, since sovereignty

and territoriality aren’t identifier elements of a state, which is almost

considered an open entity.

In fact, rights are gradually losing their feature of national individualism, stretching out

towards a more universal model. For instance, people working abroad should

benefit from the same rights granted to all the citizens of the hosting state.

Immigration

Today immigration has become a global phenomenon. In Europe there are more than 41 millions of immigrants with regular documents, whose majority lives in Spain, Germany, Great Britain, France and Italy. Reasons for immigration can be of different kinds:

Economical Working Political Religious Personal Criminal

In Italy, about 8% of the total population is composed by immigrants. They come from Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and Oceania. But the largest number of immigrants comes from Romania, followed by Morocco. In particular, here in Sicily this is a hot topic since more and more people reach Lampedusa every day travelling in terrible conditions.

This graphic shows the trend of resident population of foreign citizenship in Sicily

“Ius soli” Jus soli (Latin: right of the soil), is the right to

nationality or citizenship of anyone born in the territory of a state.

No European country grants unconditional birthright citizenship. In Italy ‘jus soli’ is applied in two cases:

• for children whose parents can’t transmit their citizenship according to the laws of their country of origin

• if the subject is the child of unknown parents and is found within Italian territory.

There is an important and very frequent indirect application: in fact, the foreign citizen who is born in

Italy and has constantly maintained his residence from the birth, has the faculty, after being 18 years

old, to ask and obtain, even without the required conditions, Italian citizenship.

Ius soli in Italy

“the right to be Italian”

Maria Claudia Aragona Alessandra Criscuolo Graziella FicarraIvana Gullì

When immigrants’ parents follow a path of integration, their children can obtain citizenship, or if children arrive in Italy, they can “become” Italians after achieving some education. Italy is going more

and more towards this; the mere fact of coming here is not enough to obtain Italian citizenship.