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Globalization and Globalization and NationalismNationalism

Implications for USA Implications for USA education leaders?education leaders?

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GlobalizationGlobalization: the increasing : the increasing integration of world capital, integration of world capital,

knowledge & tradeknowledge & trade

NationalismNationalism: the promotion of : the promotion of the culture, economy and national the culture, economy and national

interests on one nation as interests on one nation as opposed to subgroups, other opposed to subgroups, other

nations or supranational nations or supranational organizations [UN, NAFTA, EU]organizations [UN, NAFTA, EU]

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FragmentationFragmentation

In “Age of Globalization” when In “Age of Globalization” when nations are theoretically being nations are theoretically being brought closer together–nationalism brought closer together–nationalism has spawned fragmentation.has spawned fragmentation.

Example: since 1945 the number of Example: since 1945 the number of independent nations recognized by independent nations recognized by UN has risen from about 50 to over UN has risen from about 50 to over 191191

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Fragmentation has Fragmentation has spawned aggressive forms spawned aggressive forms

of nationalismof nationalismYugoslaviaYugoslaviaMiddle AsiaMiddle Asia

Central AfricaCentral AfricaFormer Soviet UnionFormer Soviet Union

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Will fragmentation persist?Will fragmentation persist?

Further disintegration of nation Further disintegration of nation states appears inevitable as states appears inevitable as subgroups lay claim to exclusive subgroups lay claim to exclusive ethnic, cultural, religious and ethnic, cultural, religious and geographical identitiesgeographical identities

Are we witnessing the emergence of Are we witnessing the emergence of a new feudalism?a new feudalism?

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Fragmentation and global problemsFragmentation and global problems

As countries / groups pursue political, As countries / groups pursue political, ideological and economic ideological and economic independence with all the rights of independence with all the rights of nation states will this dilute ability to nation states will this dilute ability to address problems which are global in address problems which are global in nature such as:nature such as:

•Environmental degradationEnvironmental degradation•Nuclear proliferationNuclear proliferation

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Fragmentation can lead to positive Fragmentation can lead to positive nationalismnationalism

National identity can strengthen National identity can strengthen unity among people who share unity among people who share common values and customscommon values and customs

It can contribute to the richness of It can contribute to the richness of indigenous cultures through selective indigenous cultures through selective acceptance of foreign cultural acceptance of foreign cultural elements without being dominatedelements without being dominated

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GlobalizationGlobalization

The powerful communication The powerful communication monopolies of modern civilization monopolies of modern civilization threatens to overwhelm regional and threatens to overwhelm regional and indigenous languages & culturesindigenous languages & cultures

International languages tends to International languages tends to replace local languagesreplace local languages

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Promise of GlobalizationPromise of Globalization

Technology has provided us with the Technology has provided us with the potential for collaboration and potential for collaboration and problem solving by exchanging problem solving by exchanging opinions on matters of shared opinions on matters of shared interest at a level of understanding interest at a level of understanding previously unimagined.previously unimagined.

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Can globalization deliver?Can globalization deliver?

Fundamental question: “why do Fundamental question: “why do people persist in seeing themselves people persist in seeing themselves in pigeonholes of their separate in pigeonholes of their separate interests when we have potential to interests when we have potential to transcend geographic and cultural transcend geographic and cultural differences more freely than anytime differences more freely than anytime in our history” in our history” H. Inose, Director General of Japan’s National Center for Science H. Inose, Director General of Japan’s National Center for Science

Information SystemsInformation Systems

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Globalization has exacerbated Globalization has exacerbated inequitiesinequities

In many parts of the developing In many parts of the developing world globalization is viewed as a world globalization is viewed as a economic tool for domination by economic tool for domination by OECD countries. Is this accurate? OECD countries. Is this accurate?

Rich countries get richer, poor Rich countries get richer, poor countries fall further behind.countries fall further behind.

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Can education balance the Can education balance the competing pressures of competing pressures of

globalization and nationalism?globalization and nationalism?

Should it try?Should it try?

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Globalization and EducationGlobalization and Education

Globalization has created a deep Globalization has created a deep division within higher education division within higher education community.community.

Is this same division reflected in Is this same division reflected in elementary, secondary and elementary, secondary and vocational education?vocational education?

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Higher education at the center Higher education at the center and higher education at the and higher education at the periphery: implications for periphery: implications for

schools and educatorsschools and educators

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What are the disadvantages of What are the disadvantages of higher ed. institutions in higher ed. institutions in developing countries in a developing countries in a

highly sophisticated, rapidly highly sophisticated, rapidly changing global knowledge changing global knowledge

network?network?

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Universities

Producers ofknowledge

Richly resourced

Universities as 2nd & 3rd leveldistributors of knowledge

Poorly resourced :laboratories, libraries,

Faculties

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Globalization and Globalization and impact upon studentsimpact upon students

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Students’ cultural and Students’ cultural and social lifesocial life

““Globalization, migration, Globalization, migration, integration, travel and integration, travel and communication are bringing different communication are bringing different races, cultures, and ethnicities into races, cultures, and ethnicities into closer contact” – closer contact” – K. AnanK. Anan

How do we develop global citizens? How do we develop global citizens?

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Students’ cultural and social lifeStudents’ cultural and social life

Challenge for education, in light of Challenge for education, in light of globalization, is to promote cultural globalization, is to promote cultural diversitydiversity

Education must continue its mission Education must continue its mission to promote human and social capital to promote human and social capital but now within context of building but now within context of building global citizenship.global citizenship.

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Students’ Economic LifeStudents’ Economic Life

Supra-national organizations e.g., Supra-national organizations e.g., UN, WTO, NAFTA, World Bank, OECD, UN, WTO, NAFTA, World Bank, OECD, etc. are increasingly important etc. are increasingly important influencesinfluences

Can our students function in a global Can our students function in a global economy without some basic economy without some basic understanding of these forces? understanding of these forces?

Are we providing them with the Are we providing them with the necessary understanding?necessary understanding?

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Students’ physical lifeStudents’ physical life Massive shifts in demography Massive shifts in demography

within / between nation within / between nation states & environmental states & environmental degradation will impact our degradation will impact our students in future.students in future.

How do we prepare them? How do we prepare them?

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Students’ ethical lifeStudents’ ethical life

Our students will have to Our students will have to address issues of: address issues of:

survival and sustainabilitysurvival and sustainability Closing gap between Closing gap between

haves & have-notshaves & have-nots Choices about sharingChoices about sharing

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Students’ ethical lifeStudents’ ethical lifeOur students will need to make choices Our students will need to make choices

on moral & ethical grounds: on moral & ethical grounds: Ways to bring benefits of Ways to bring benefits of

globalization to everyoneglobalization to everyone Ways to balance globalization and Ways to balance globalization and

fragmentation to prevent rise of fragmentation to prevent rise of scurrilous nationalism or religious scurrilous nationalism or religious fundamentalism threatening world fundamentalism threatening world peace and stabilitypeace and stability

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Students’ academic lifeStudents’ academic life

Perhaps our greatest challenges: Perhaps our greatest challenges: fostering an inquisitive, fostering an inquisitive,

challenging intellectual milieu for challenging intellectual milieu for our studentsour students

Address growing utilitarian view Address growing utilitarian view of education as a commodity of education as a commodity sought only for economic gain. sought only for economic gain.