By Allah Dad Khan

Good Agriculture Practices

Twentieth Century Challenges

World agriculture in the twenty-first century is faced

with three main challenges:

1) to improve food security, rural livelihoods and

income;

2) to satisfy the increasing and diversified

demands for safe food and other products; and,

3) to conserve and protect natural resources.

Concept OF Good Agriculture Practices

three pillars of sustainability are

1: Good Agricultural Practices should be

economically viable,

2 .Environmentally sustainable,

3. Socially acceptable; inclusive of food safety and

quality dimensions, with a focus on primary

production

GAP Through

Create capacity through:

1. Awareness creation and education of actors in the market chain

(including consumers)

2. Awareness creation among policy makers

3. ƒ Projects at the national and regional level .

4. Training of trainers and farmer leaders.

GAP basics

“Clean soil” involves taking steps to reduce the

possibility of introducing microbial contaminants

into the soil, particularly via manure and other

animal excrements.

Clean Soil contd

GAP addresses proper manure management

with attention to composting, storage, and proper

application timing.

Clean Soil Contd

Additionally, due to the fact that many

contaminants can be spread through animal

feces, specific steps must be followed to

minimize the presence of animals, both

domestic and wild, in production fields and packing areas.

Soil Test

Soil Test

Nutrient Deficiencies

Nitrogen Deficiency Symptoms

Phosphorus Deficiency

Potash Deficiency

Zinc Deficiency

Boron Deficiency

Biopost and Green manuring and Humic Acid

Boron Deficiency

GAP Basics

“Clean water. Ground and surface water

sources need to be protected from run-of

and animalcontamination by buffer areas

and fencing as needed. Water used for irrigation and foliar applications

must

also be tested to establish adherence to

minimum quality levels.

GAP basics

“Clean hands” applies to workers and the

use of good personal hygiene in the field and

packing house

GAP basics

“Clean surfaces” Farms with both animal

and produce operations must pay

special attention to equipment shared

between the operations and take specific

steps to prevent contamination

STEPS for Vegetable GAP

1. Soil selection

Select land for fruit and vegetable crops based on the land history,

previous manure applications, and crop rotation

2. Adjacent Land Use

Keep produce fields away from animal housing, pastures, or

barnyards. Study

water movements on land to make sure that livestock

waste from nearby barnyards cannot enter produce fields via runoff

or drift

Soil amendments

Proper and thorough composting of manure, incorporating

it into soil prior to planting, and avoiding top-dressing of plants

are important steps toward reducing the risk of

microbial contamination

FYM

Compost

Wormiculture

3. Weed Control

Weed Control

Flood Jet Nozzles

4. Planting

5. Water Usage

6. Fertilization

7. Irrigation

8. Pest Control

IPM is a continuum, not an end.

Poor

Fair

Good

Better

Best

Fruit fly traps

“Utilizes all suitable pest management tactics…………..”

Pesticides

Cultural

Mechanical

Sanitary

Natural

Biological

Host Plant Resistance

NOTE: Some tactics fall

Into several categories.

Pest Resistant Crops

What is Mechanical Control?

Uses machinery and/or other tools to control

pests

Tillage

Physical barriers

Tillage

What is “Cultural Control”

Agronomic practices that are designed to:

Optimize growing conditions for the crop. Anything

that increases a crop’s competitive edge will result

in increased tolerance to pests often resulting in

reduced pesticide use.

Create unfavorable conditions for the pest

Clean Cultivation

Clean Cultivation

Cultural Control

What is Natural Control?

Enhancement of naturally occurring pest management

methods

Beneficial insects

Beneficial diseases

Beneficial Insects

LBB

Beneficial Insects

Praying Mantis

Beneficial Insects

Assassin bug

Beneficial insects

Honey bee

Beneficial Insects

Saw fly

Beneficial Insects

Paper wasp

Beneficial insects

Spider

What is Biological Control? Manipulation of biological organism to control pests

Release of predators/parasites/disease of an insect or weed

Chrysopa

Chemical Control

What IPM Is and Isn’t

Stresses a multi disciplinary approach to

pest management

Entomology

Plant Pathology

Nematology

Weed Science

Crop Sciences (Horticulture/Agronomy)

Soil Science

Ecology

What IPM Is and Isn’t

Stresses a multi disciplinary approach to

pest management

Entomology

Plant Pathology

Nematology

Weed Science

Crop Sciences (Horticulture/Agronomy)

Soil Science

Ecology

IPM is not static

New Pests Soybean aphids, bean leaf beetle,

New Races/strains of pests Western corn rootworm

Weed Species shifts Roundup ready technology

Tillage system

Pesticide Resistance Colorado Potato Beetle

Common lambsquarters

F 4 Basic Principles of IPM

1) Thorough understanding of the crop, pest,

and the environment and their

interrelationships

2) Requires advanced planning

3) Balances cost/benefits of all control

practices

4) Requires routine monitoring of crop and pest

conditions

Harvesting

GAP as reference tool

The concept of Good Agricultural Practices mayserve

as a reference tool for deciding, at each step in the

production process, on practices and/or outcomes

that are environmentally sustainable and

socially acceptable.

GAP

GAP Programme Six Components in world

1.labor policies preventing child labor and forced labor;

2. variety management and integrity

3.safeguarding the consistency of our products;

4. crop management

5. using best practices in farming;

6. integrated pest management - planning combined with protection;

7. sustainability - including the use of alternative fuels, the maintenance of forests, and the protection of water resources.

GGAP management

1. Field

1. Production fields should not be located where they may receive runoff or drift from animal operations.

2. All potential sources of contamination should be identified and eliminated.

3. Domestic animals and livestock should be excluded from fields during growing and harvesting operations.

4. Wild animal presence should be minimized to the degree possible by methods identified by wildlife experts.

5. Establish and maintain a pest control program such as removal of debris that might provide a habitat for pest populations.

2. Manure Application

1.Apply only properly composted manures on

vegetable fields.

2.Document manures used, the dates and methods

of composting, and application

dates.

3. Do not apply non-composted manure within 120

days of harvest.

4. Incorporate manure into soil.

3. Irrigation water

1. Ensure that all water used for irrigation is not

contaminated with animal or human feces and

meets the standards for recreational use.

2. Identify potential sources of contamination of

irrigation water and control those within your

ability.

3. Water used for all foliar applications should be

potable water and pathogen-free.

4. Worker Health and Hygeine

1. Document and monitor worker hygiene and sanitation practices and improve practices through additional training.

2. Provide protective coverings or bandages to workers with cuts or lesions.

3. Provide instruction on proper use of gloves to prevent pathogen transfer.

4. Properly service portable toilets in the field to prevent spills and leakage.

5. Have a plan for product isolation, diversion, containment, and destruction in case of a spill.

5. Harvest

1. All equipment that touches fresh produce is a food contact surface and must be

cleaned and sanitized as such.

2. Minimize the opportunity for vectors to contaminate harvest equipment left in the field (such as no damaged fruit left on belts).

3. Remove damaged or injured fruit to the extent possible in field.

4. All water used during harvest operations should be potable and meet standards for recreational use.

5. completed education and training, pest control and production practices

6. Storage and Transportation

Ensure that the integrity of positive

lot identification and traceback systems are

maintained by transporters, distributors,

and retailer.

THANK

YOU