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Basic Components of Information System
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Introduction to IS
Group No.1
What is Information System (IS)?
Means a system for generating, sending, receiving, storing or otherwise processing electronic communications;
A combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making in an organization.
Historical Perspective
Information Systems have been around a long time.
People have always been the backbone of an IS
Historical Perspective
Previous to computers, telephones were probably the biggest innovation that improved information systems.
Previous to telephones, Paper was the big innovation.
What will be the next big thing?
Historical Perspective
Year Activity
Mainframe computers were used
Computers and data were centralized
Systems were tied to a few business functions: payroll, inventory, billing
1970 Programming in
COBOL (completely absolute business oriented language)
Historical Perspective
Year Activity
Main focus was to automate existing processes
PCs and LANs are installed Departments set up own
computer systems End-user computing with
Word Processors and Spreadsheets makes departments less dependent on the IT department
1980
PC support, basic networking
Historical Perspective
Year Activity
Main focus is automating existing processes
Wide Area Networks (WANs) become corporate standards
Senior management looks for system integration and data integration. No more stand-alone systems
1990
Network support, systems integration, database administration
Historical Perspective
Year Activity
Main focus is central control and corporate learning
Wide Area Networks expand via the Internet to include global enterprises and business partners – supply chain and distribution
Senior management looks for data sharing across systems
2000
Network support, systems integration
Historical Perspective
Year Activity
Main focus is efficiencies and speed in inventory, manufacturing, distribution, Transaction processing system, Decision support system etc.
Current situation after 2000
Network support, systems integration
Team work
Importance of Information Systems in an Organization Communication: An information systems can make communication process more efficient
by allowing managers to communicate rapidly. Email is quick and effective, but managers can use information systems even more efficiently by storing documents in folders that they share with the employees who need the information.
Operations: You can use information systems to gain a cost advantage over
competitors or to differentiate yourself by offering better customer service. Sales data give you insights about what customers are buying and let you stock or produce items that are selling well.
Importance of Information Systems in an Organization
Decisions: The company information system can help you make better
decisions by delivering all the information you need and by modeling the results of your decisions. If more than one choice looks appealing, you can use the information system to run different scenarios. For each possibility, the system can calculate key indicators such as sales, costs and profits to help you determine which alternative gives the most beneficial result. AIMMS
Records: The information system stores documents and revision histories,
communication records and operational data. You can use such information to prepare cost estimates and forecasts and to analyze how your actions affected the key company indicators.
AIMMS (Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modeling System)
Components of an Information System
Computer Hardware Technologies
Examples Dell PowerEdge 2600 File Server Apple PowerBook G4 Sony LCD Flat Panel Monitor iPod IDAutomation USB Barcode Scanner RFID Chip
Computer Software Technology
Examples Windows XP Graphics Card Driver Software PowerPoint mySAP Customer Relationship Management Peachtree Accounting iTunes Software
Telecommunications Network Technologies
Examples Ethernet Netgear Wireless Router Cable Modem Cell Phone WiFi, WiMax Bluetooth
Data Resource Management Technologies
Examples IBM DB2 8.2 Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Oracle Database 10g MySQL Data Mining Software
People Technology
People are the 5th component of an Information System
Everyone forgets the importance of people in an information system.
Example: End User, Data Entry Person, Manager, Programmer, DB Administrator, Cashier, Secretary, Professor.
IT for E-commerce
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
Supports Operations Updates Operational Databases Examples:
ATM Machine System – Banking Transactions Cash Register System – Point of Sale Transactions Accounting System – Checking Account Transactions Even Pay-per-view or OnDemand is a TPS
Management Information System (MIS)
Supports Management (duh?) Analysis & Reporting Charts, Graphs, Summary Tools Examples:
SCT Banner – Managing College Information (Siena uses it)
Spreadsheet (Excel) – One of the first and most basic Oracle's Corporate Performance Management
Decision Support System (DSS)
Decision Support System (DSS)
Support Management What-if Analysis, Decision Modeling, Scenario
Building, Highly interactive, ad hoc. Examples
Enterprise Decision Manager 2.0 Fair Isaac Corporation
AIMMS 3.6 Most DSS’s are custom developed for specific
companies; very few out-of-the-box products.
References
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https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090507035318AAyUBN4 https://www.google.com.pk/url?
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