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Contiene temascomo Adverbs, Possesivesm The comparative,
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ESCUELA:
NOMBRES
GRAMMAR I
FECHA:
INGLÉS
Ing. Jhoana Paladines
OCTUBRE 2008-FEBRERO 2009
1
UNIT 26: THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT PROGRESIVE
Simple Present Use the SP to tell
or ask about habits, customs, regular occurrences, routines and facts.
I listen to the radio now
Present Progressive Use the PP to tell or
ask an action that is happening right now or these days.
I am listening to the radio now
UNIT 26: ADVERBS
ADVERBS.- adverbs and expressions of frequency tell how often we do something.
Adverbs and expressions of frequency are often used with the simple present. They rarely occur with the present progressive.
After BeBefore other verbs
UNIT 27 NON ACTION VERBS
4
Non action verbs do the following: a.Express emotion (love, want)b.Describe sense or appearance (seem) c.Express a need or preference (need)d.Describe a thought (know)e.Show possession (belong, own, have)f. Give a measurement (cost)g.Be expresses a state of being Important: we usually don’t use non
action verbs in the present progressive.
UNIT 28 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
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UNIT 28 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
6
UNIT 30 BE GOING TO FOR FUTURE
Use be going to + base form to:
State facts about the future Make predictions Talk about plans
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UNIT 30 BE GOING TO FOR FUTURE
8
Affirmative sentencesSubject + be+ going to+ base form of
verbShe is going to go to Miami
Negative sentencesSubject + be+ not+ going to+ base form
of verbThey are not going to buy a new house.
UNIT 30:BE GOING TO FOR FUTUREYES/NO QUESTIONS
BE + Subject + going to + base form of Verb?
Is she going to read his new book?
Affirmative answer: Yes, she is
Negative answer: No she isn’t
Wh – QUESTIONS
Wh-word +be +subject + going to +
Base form of Verb?Where are they going to study?
In the library 9
UNIT 31: WILL FOR THE FUTURE
Use will to: • Talk about things that will take place in the
future. • To make predictions. • To make a promise or give assurance. • To ask for or offer something.
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UNIT 31: WILL FOR THE FUTURE
Affirmative sentences
Subject + will+ base form of verb+ time marker
She will go to Miami
She´ll go to Miami
Negative sentences
Subject + will + not+ base form of verb+ time marker
They will not buy a new house.
They won’t buy a new house 11
UNIT 31: WILL FOR FUTURE
YES/NO QUESTIONS
Will + Subject + base form of Verb?
Will she read his new book?
Affirmative answer: Yes, she will
Negative answer: No she won’t
Wh – QUESTIONSWh-word +will +subject + base form of Verb?
Where will they study?
In the library 12
UNIT 32 MAY OR MIGHT FOR POSSIBILITY
13
May and might are modal verbs and express possibility.
May and might are followed by the base form of the verb.
Use will or going to, not may or might, to ask yes/no questions about the future.
UNIT 32 MAY OR MIGHT FOR POSSIBILITY
14
Affirmative sentences Subject + may/might + base form of a
verbThey may/might visit her mother
Negative sentencesSubject + may/might + base form of a
verb He may/ might not play soccer
UNIT 33 Some - Any
15
Some and any refer to an amount. Use some and any with plural count
nouns and non-count nouns Some.- In affirmative sentences and in
questions when offer or ask for something. They bought some tea
Any.- in negative sentences and in questions.
She doesn’t need any milk
UNIT 33 How much/ How many Use how much and how many to ask about
quantity.
How much.- with non count nouns
How many.- with count nouns
How much water does she need?
How many apples did you buy?
IMPORTANT:
Sometimes it’s not necessary to repeat the noun after how much and how many.
I need some money - How much do you need?16
UNIT 33 Few and Little Use little and few in affirmative
sentences Little.- non count nouns I have little money. They had little milk. Few.- count nouns Please, wait a few minutes more. We need a few onions 17
UNIT 35 POSSESIVES
PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
OBJECT PRONOUN
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
I Me My Mine
He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
It It Its --
We Us Our Ours
You You Your Yours
They Them Their Their 18
UNIT 35 POSSESIVES
A possessive adjectives shows belonging.
This is her bag.
It’s their bike.
A possessive pronoun replaces a noun and a possessive adjective. They are never followed by a noun.
This is hers.
Hers is nice.
These are ours.
Ours are blue 19
UNIT 36 CAN OR MAY FOR PERMISSION
Use can and may to: Give permission.
You may go to the park (permission)
You can watch television now. Ask for permission
May I go to the bathroom? Yes, you may
No, you may not
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Use can’t and may not to deny permission.
You may not swim in the river. They can’t go to the
discotheque. Use Can I help you? or May I help you?
to offer help to someone. Possible answers
21
Thanks you Thanks Yes , thanks
No, thanks + a reason
UNIT 37 REQUESTS
Polite requests
Would you please open the door?
Could you turn on the TV?
Can you help me?
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Possible answers
Sure -- Of course Ok --- I’d be glad to
Sorry, I can’tI d like to but….
Would like is a polite way of saying want.
Would like can be followed by a noun or an infinitive
I would like some tea/ They’d like an orange
She would like to visit you
He’d like to go to the park
UNIT 37 DESIRES
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UNIT 37 OFFERS
Use Would you like…….? for offers or invitations.
Would you like some tea?
Would you like to dance?
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Possible Answers
Yes, thank you No, thanks
Yes, I would NOT: No, I wouldn’t like any, thank you
UNIT 38 SHOULD AND OUGHT TO
Use should to give advice or to talk about what is right. Use should to talk about the present of future.
Ought to has the same meaning as should. We don’t use ought to in questions or in negatives.
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UNIT 38 SHOULD AND OUGHT TO
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Affirmative sentences Subject + should/ought to + base form of a
verbShe should/ought to visit her mother
Negative sentencesSubject + shouldn’t + base form of a verb
He should not play soccerHe shouldn’t play soccer
UNIT 38 SHOULD AND OUGHT TOYES/NO QUESTIONS
Should + Subject + base form of Verb?
Should she go to the university?
Affirmative answer: Yes, she should
Negative answer: No she shouldn’t
Wh – QUESTIONSWh-word +should +subject + base form of Verb?
Where should they go?
27
UNIT 38 HAD BETTER/HAD BETTER NOT Use had better to give advice. Had better is stronger
than should. Had better is used to talk about the present or the future.
Affirmative sentences
Subject + had better + base form of a verb
She had better go to the dentist.
Negative sentences
Subject + had better not + base form of a verb
He had better not go out.
He’d better not go out.
UNIT 39 HAVE TO AND MUST Use have to and must to talk about things that are
necessary.
Must is stronger than have to
The past of must and have to is had to.
“Have to” Affirmative sentences
Subject +have to/ has to + base form of a verb
She has to go to the dentist.
They have to go to the library
He has to do his homework
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UNIT 39 HAVE TO AND MUST
“Have to” Negative sentences
Subject + do not/ does not + base form of a verb
He does not have to watch a lot of TV.
They don’t have to make their bed.
She doesn’t have to buy the yellow house.
30
UNIT 39 HAVE TO AND MUST
“Must” Affirmative sentences
Subject + must + base form of a verb
She must go to the dentist.
They must finish the project
“Must” Negative sentences
Subject + must not + base form of a verb
He must not swim.
He mustn’t read the newspaper everyday.
UNIT 40 THE COMPARATIVE Use the comparative form of an adjective +
than to compare two people, places or things.
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LongLonger
HotHotter
BusyBusier
GoodBetter
Intelligent More intelligent
Small Smaller
BigBigger
Easy Easier
Badworse
ExpensiveMore expensive
Tall taller
FarFarther
WonderfulMore wonderful
UNIT 40 THE COMPARATIVE
Luisa is younger than Alberto
Luisa is younger than he is
Luisa is younger than he
Luisa is younger than him.
Which animal is faster?
Which is faster, giraffe or a
33
UNIT 43 THE SUPERLATIVE Use the superlative form of an adjective to
compare three or more people, places or things.
34
LongLongest
HotHottest
BusyBusiest
GoodBest
Intelligent The most intelligent
Small Smallest
BigBiggest
Easy Easiest
BadWorst
ExpensiveThe most expensive
Tall tallest
FarFarthest
WonderfulThe most wonderful
THANKS!
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