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AP style/grammar workshop
Jennifer Cox
objectives
• Refresher on grammar
• Learn to use the AP Stylebook
• Comma & AP Style cheat sheets
Common grammar obstacles
• Capitalization
• Subject/verb agreement
• Subject/pronoun agreement
• Possessives & contractions
• Passive voice
• Quotes issues
• Commas (handout)
capitalization
• Proper nouns:• Noun – people, places & things• Proper noun – specific people, places, & things
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/propernoun.htm
capitalization
• Titles & sentence ordering:• Only capitalize the title if it comes before a name
WRONG: This class is great, said Jennifer Cox, a Professor.
RIGHT: This class is great, said Jennifer Cox, a professor.
EVEN BETTER: This class is great, Professor Cox said.
Subject/verb agreement
• A verb must agree with the intended number of its subject
WRONG: This class [singular subject] are [plural verb] great. RIGHT: This class [singular subject] is [singular verb] great.RIGHT: These classes [plural subject] are [plural verb] great.
Subject/verb agreement
The data is collected
The data are collected
Subject/verb agreement
The media is great.
The media are great.
Subject/pronoun agreement
The team must win their game.
The team must win its game.
Possessives/contractions
• You’re & Your
• It’s & Its
• They’re & Their
• Who’s & Whose
• The governor’s bill & The governors’ bill
• James’s shirt & James’ bike
Passive voice
• Turning the object of a sentence into the subject of a sentence
• Weakens the impact of your writing
• Makes the reader work harder than he or she should
Why was the road crossed by the chicken?
Why did the chicken cross the road?
Passive voice
The books were juggled by the accounting firm.
The accounting firm juggled the books.
Quotes issues
• Punctuation ALWAYS goes inside the quotation marks!
• “said” comes after the name…
• unless there is attributing information attached to it
“This class is great,” said Jennifer Cox, a professor at Salisbury University.
“This class is great,” Professor Cox said.
Commas - handout
• Commas in a series
• Independent clauses
• Introductory clauses
• Nonessential clauses
• Commas within quotes or paraphrases
What is ap style?
• Used by newspaper journalists in the United States as a grammatical guide
• Makes words and items generalizable in all locations
• Used by journalists in all types of writing (print and online)
• Used by PR practitioners to communicate with the press• Press releases• Emails• Media kits
Ap style – look up
• Proper nouns• Organizations (NASA, CIA, the Y/YMCA)• Peoples’ titles (president, military titles, academic
titles)• Places (states, cities without states [datelines])• Company names
Ap style
Dimensions• Always use numerals
• He is 6 feet tall.
• He is a 6-foot-tall baseball player.
Ages
• She is 16 years old.
• She is a 16-year-old hockey player.
Ap style
• Technology words:• website• Internet• email• the Web & Web page• URL• Smartphone
Ap style - Memorize
• Numbers zero through nine- written out; 10 and up – numerical
• Weird ones:• Dumpster & Realtor
• Toward versus towards
• More than versus over
• Fewer versus less than (individual versus bulk items)
• Under way
Good luck!
• AP Style/grammar quizzes every Thursday
• Keep checking back here for refreshers
• Print and keep with you the comma and AP Style cheat sheets