Presented by

M.ShahabReg#15pwele4792

HaneefahmadReg#15pwele4796

Mushahid hussainReg#15pwele4793

Green house effect

contents• What is greenhouse ?• History of Green House effect• Types of greenhouse• Greenhouse effect• Causes of green house• Importance of greenhouse effect• But???• Disadvantages of greenhouse effect• Future Consequences• Roles of students• Conclusion

What is green house?

A Greenhouse (also called a Glasshouse) is a building in which

plants are grown. These structures range in size from small sheds to very large buildings. A

miniature greenhouse is known as a cold frame.

Founder of Greenhouse Effect

The greenhouse effect was discovered by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

First reliably experimented on by John Tyndall in 1858.

First reported quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896.

Types of green house

• There are two types of green houseNatural Artificial

Natural greenhouse Artificial greenhouse

a)It is created naturally. It is created by humans.a)

b) b)The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the solar radiations to warm the earth.

The transparent glass allows the radiations to pass through and traps the radiations by not letting them escape.

c)c)

It creates the heating effect in the whole earth.

It creates the heating effect only in a certain specified area.d) d)

It occupies a large area. It occupies a relatively small area.

What is Greenhouse Effect? Def: Green House effect is a naturally occurring

phenomenon that is responsible for heating of Earth’s Surface and atmosphere

Greenhouse Effect, the capacity of certain gases in the atmosphere to trap heat emitted from Earth’s surface, thereby insulating and warming the planet. The greenhouse effect has warmed Earth for over 4 billion years. Now scientists are growing increasingly concerned that human activities may be modifying this natural process, with potentially dangerous consequences.

The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface, energy is transferred to the surface and the lower atmosphere.

As a result, the temperature there is higher than it would be if direct heating by solar radiation were the only warming mechanism.

Greenhouse Effect

A Flow Chart

Part of this heat is sent towards the ground, and it heats the earth’s surface and the lower atmosphere again.

The Green House Gases absorb this heat.

The land heated by the sunlight emit back the heat as infrared rays

The sunlight passes through the atmosphere and the earth's surface absorbs it.

incomingradiation

Solar energy reaches the Earth’s surface

incomingradiation

infrared radiation

Earth’s surface warms, emits radiation

incomingradiation

infrared radiation

greenhousegases

Greenhouse gases absorb IR leaving the surface

incomingradiation

infrared radiation

greenhousegases

Gases are energized, then emit radiation (IR)

incomingradiation

infrared radiation

greenhousegases

Some of this IR reaches the planet surface, warming it further

Causes of Green House Effect:

Greenhouse gasesDeforestationBurning of FossilsPopulation GrowthOzone Layer DepletionFormation of clouds

Greenhouse gases

Earth is surrounded by a layer of gases called atmosphere. This atmosphere includes many types of gases among which greenhouse gases are one. These greenhouse gases play an important role in greenhouse effect. They surround the Earth like gases in green house and do not allow the heat to escape into space and hence keep the Earth warm.

What does Green House Gases Do?

Greenhouse gas works like a great space blanket that keeps the heat in. So the sun's rays heat up the earth, and the greenhouse gases stop the heat reflecting back out to space. So the earth

gradually gets warmer Global Warming.

Greenhouse gases

By their percentage contribution to the greenhouse effect on Earth the four major gases are

• water vapor, 36–70%• carbon dioxide, 9–26%• methane, 4–9%• ozone, 3–7%

Selected Greenhouse Gases• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

– Source: Fossil fuel burning, deforestation Anthropogenic increase: 30% Average atmospheric residence time: 500 years

Methane (CH4) – Source: Rice cultivation, cattle & sheep ranching, decay

from landfills, mining Anthropogenic increase: 145% Average atmospheric residence time: 7-10 years

Nitrous oxide (N2O) – Source: Industry and agriculture (fertilizers) Anthropogenic increase: 15% Average atmospheric residence time: 140-190 years

Water vapour

• The most abundant greenhouse gas in Earth’s atmosphere is water vapor. Most of the greenhouse heating of Earth’s atmosphere is due to Water vapor absorption of IR radiation emitted by Earth, and then transferring the energy to the surrounding air molecule

Greenhouse GasesThe following pie chart displays the percent of each gaswhich plays a role in the greenhouse effect.

Ozone Layer Depletion: A cause of increasing Greenhouse Effect

• Ozone depletion describes two distinct but related phenomena observed since the late 1970s: a steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of ozone in Earth's stratosphere (the ozone layer), and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone over Earth's polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole.

•Glass lets in light•Glass keeps heat from escaping•Causes the car to heat up

Advantages • Existence of life• Maintaining Earth’s temperature• Filter unwanted solar energy• Help in growing offseason crops• Solar powered water heater use the

greenhouse effect to heat water• Maintains the water level & restricts ice

melting

What would happen if there were no greenhouse gases at all in the atmosphere?

• If there were no greenhouse gases at all, the average temperature of the earth would have been -18 °C to 18 °C less than today’s temperature. Due to this, ice would cover the earth surface which would make survival of living organisms impossible.

Disadvantages Global warming Sea level rise Economic impact Agricultural impact Effects on aquatic systems Effects on hydrological cycles Health Direct effects of temperature rise Spread of disease

Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming

• The “greenhouse effect” & global warming are not the same thing. – Global warming refers to a rise in the temperature of the

surface of the earth • An increase in the concentration of

greenhouse gases leads to an increase in the the magnitude of the greenhouse effect. (Called enhanced greenhouse effect) – This results in global warming

Future Consequences

THEN..............NOW..........

The Changing Environment

Solutions to increasing Greenhouse effect

• Reduce the use of materials which produce greenhouse gases.

• Avoid the burning of fossil fuel and household residue.• Upgrade infrastructures.• Afforestation.• Using alternative sources of energy.• Using eco-friendly materials.• Incineration plant should be established.• Pollution should be controlled……

• Decrease the demand for electricity and fuel as much as possible through efficiency measures.

• Decrease the demand for distributed use of hydrocarbon fuels as much as possible by focusing on electrification of transportation (including light-duty vehicles, trains, buses, and some trucks), water and space heating in buildings, and industrial process heating.

• Produce electricity with very low emissions through a combination of nuclear power, fossil fuel generation with carbon capture and storage (CCS), and renewable sources; and provide load-balancing services without emissions as much as possible, using energy storage or smart-grid solutions.

• Use low-carbon–intensity biofuels to meet as much of the remaining hydrocarbon fuel demand (both liquid and gaseous) as possible.

Solutions to Greenhouse effect

Roles of studentsin minimizing the effects of increasing

Greenhouse effect• Forming local level student union to increase

student participation in environment conservation .• Conducting Afforestation programs, especially in

urban areas to restore greenery.• Including students from all over the world from

different ecological regions so that protection campaigns can be made much more effective.

Conclusion

Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would not be able to support life. But if the greenhouse effect becomes too strong, the earth will be too hot to support life. Even a little to much heat could hurt the animals, plants, and everything else on the planet. Without the gasses that surround the planet, heat would escape back into space, causing the earths average tempter to be about 60 degrees colder.

Save Our Earth Before it dies

A real activist is not the one who says that the river is dirty but the one who cleans the river.

Let’s be the ones to bring a change….

Presented By: M.Shahab

Haneef AhmadMushahid hussain