1. The Guardian The F t Th Future of Hi h Ed f Higher Education tiLondon 11 March 2010 International Perspectives ono spsoFunding Structures Donald E. Heller

2. International trends in higher education MassificationShift from public to private sources of fundingFocus on quality assurance and the role of higher education in serving society and the economy 2010, Donald E. Heller2 3. Tertiary attainment ratesPopulation that has attained at least tertiary education (2007) Percentage, by age group%70 5564yearold2534yearold605040302010 0IsraelNetherlands KoreaJapan Denmark NewZealandTurkeyBrazilFranceBelgiumSpain Germany SwitzerlandHungary Australia Greece Austria MexicoItaly Chile2SlovakRepublic CzechRepublic anFederation1Sweden Norway UnitedStatesLuxembourg IcelandPortugal EstoniaOECDaveragePoland Canada Ireland FinlandSlovenia UnitedKingdomRussiaS U1. Year of reference 2002 2. Year of reference 2004Countries are ranked in descending order of the percentage of 25-34 year-olds who have attained at least tertiary education.Source: OECD. Table A1.3a. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2009). 2010, Donald E. Heller3 4. 0% 2%4% 6%8% 10% 12%14%16%18%20%Australia 2010, Donald E. HellerAustriaBelgiumCanada Czech Republich Denmark Finland OECD AverageHungaryIceland IrelandJapanNeetherlands New Zealandw International students Norway Slovak Republic kSpainSwedenProportion of international students in tertiary education, 2007 Swwitzerland United Kingdom Source: OECD Table C2.1 tedUnit States 4 5. 0.0%0.5% 1.0%1.5% 2.0%2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 2010, Donald E. HellerAustraliaAustriaBelgium Canada Czech Republic h DenmarkFinlandFrance GermanyGreeceHungary IcelandIreland ItalyJapanKoreaMexicoNe etherlands New Zealand w Norway1995PolandPortugalSlovak Republic k2000SpainTertiary education spending as % of GDP SwedenSw witzerland Source: OECD Table B2.12006 TurkeyUnited KingdomtedUnit States O OECD ave. 5 6. 0.0% 0.5%1.0% 1.5%2.0% 2.5%3.0% 2010, Donald E. HellerAAustraliaAustria Belgium CanadaCzech RepublicRDDenmarkFinlandFranceGGermanyHHungary IcelandIrelandItaly Japan KoreaMexico NethherlandsNew ZealandPoland PortugalPrivateSlovak Republic R SpainPublic Sweden Public and private investment in tertiary educationUnited Kingdom K Public and private expenditures on tertiary education as % of GDP, 2006 Source: OECD Table B2.4United States dOE ECD ave. 6 7. Spending on tertiary educationTertiary education spending per student, 2006 ($US PPP) $30,000$25,000$20,000 OECD Average$15,000$10,000$5,000$0 KoreaMexicotherlands Denmark FinlandGermany Czech Republic IrelandSwedenFranceIceland Norway Slovak Republic Australia AustriaCanada* JapanHungary Italy SpainBelgiumPolandPortugalUnited Kingdom witzerland Unite States New Zealanded G DNet wSw 2010, Donald E. Heller*Authors estimate from StatCan, OECD Source: OECD Table B1.1a 7 8. Relationship between spending and attainment60 CanadaJapanp % with tertiary credential, 200 (age 25-34)50Ireland Norway 07FranceAustralia 400 Sweden DenmarkUnited States SpainFinland United Kingdom NetherlandsSwitzerland 30Poland 3 yOECD ave.attainmentGermanyHungary Portugal 20r = .73 Italy Mexico Austria Slovak Republic Czech RepublicTurkeyOECD ave.spending 100.51.01.5 2.02.5 Tertiary spending as % of GDP, 1995 2010, Donald E. Heller Source: OECD Tables B2.1 & A1.3a 8 9. Tuition charges Average university tuition fee charges, 2006 ($US PPP)$25,000 $25 000PublicPrivate$20,517 $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $ , $8,519 $7,902 $7 902 $6,695$5,666 $4,279$4,717 $4,694 $5,000 $4,035 $3,705$3,866$2,765$1,707$825$1,123$1,180 $844$0 $0$0$0$0$0 $0 $0Korea Canada IcelandAustraliaAustria DenmarkFinland Japan NetherlandsUnited Kingdom Unite StatesCzech Republic ItalyNew ZealandSpain IrelandPortugalSweden edA K D 2010, Donald E. Heller Source: OECD Table B5.1a 9 10. Public funding for higher education in three countries U.S.EnglandCanada Public/private funding mix 34%/66% 65%/35% (UK)53%/47%(2006) Sources of public funding51 111 Fee-setting authorityF tti th itMixed Mi dPublic P bli Public P bli Loan providersMultiple11+ Loan type Mortgage ICR Mortgage Federal/state/Federal/Federal/Grants institutional institutional Provincial institutionalThe challenges of affecting access and attainment through public policy leversare quite different in the three countries 2010, Donald E. Heller10 11. ChallengesContinuing demands for public support of higher education Expansion access and completion Maintaining (or increasing) qualityThe role of private funding Increasing tuition fees Private, philanthropic support Business supportEnsuring equity Financial, academic and cultural barriers Financial academic,Managing the migration of students Spaces Revenue implications Quality 2010, Donald E. Heller 11