MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY

OBJECTIVESI. To have a better view and knowledge

about the definition of Modern Biotechnology

II. To appreciate the importance of Modern Biotechnology

III. Applications of Modern BiotechnologyIV. To know some notable Products of

Modern BiotechnologyV. Modern Biotechnology under different

areas(overview)

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Aeroponic- is the process of growing plants in an air or mist environment without the use of soil or an aggregate mediumamylase and cellulose - used by stonewash jeans to create a faded look.Aquaculture-process of raising finfish or shellfish in controlled condtions for food sourcesArtificial insemination - a reproductive technology through generative reproductionBioremediation is the Use of biotech to process or degrade a variety of natural and man-made products, esp. those contributing to pollutionDNA fingerprinting -the classic of a forensic application, commonly used for law enforcement and crime scene investigation

Dolly- the first cloned animal Epidemiology- spread of diseases

Knock-out(experiments) – created when an active gene is replaced with DNA that has no functional informational

Pharmaceutical (drugs)- used to diagnose, cure, treat or prevent disease.

Pseudomonas- species of bacteria that has the ability to degrade the oil. Used by Alaska in the 1989 oil spill.

Stem Cells - cells have the ability to become any of the 200 cell types found in our bodies

Totipotency- ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an organismsTransgenic- refers to containing genes from another source or parentVitro fertilization- joining of a woman’s egg and a man’s sperm in a laboratory dish. (vitro means outside the body)

INTRODUCTIONThe wide concept of "biotech" or "biotechnology" encompasses a wide range of procedures for modifying living organisms according to human purposes, going back to domestication of animals, cultivation of plants, and "improvements" to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridication.

Modern biotechnology is a term adopted by international convention to refer to biotechnological techniques for the manipulation of genetic material and the fusion of cells beyond normal breeding barriers.

Karl Ereky, a Hungarian engineer, coined the term “biotechnology” in 1919 to refer to the science and the methods that permit products to be produced from raw materials with the aid of living organisms. Although biotechnology is often equated with DNA and genetic engineering, it is probably best seen as part of a continuum that began centuries ago, when plants and animals began to be selectively bred and microorganisms were used to make beer and wine, cheese and bread.

Pasteurization and Mendel’s discoveries1943- first direct evidence that DNA carried genetic information1953- Watson and Crick produce a double-helix modelflourishes MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biotechnologies have an important role in meeting human needs and demands in

Medicine Agriculture, Forensics, Bioremediation,

Biocontrol  BiosecurityCell Fusion, Transfection,

Transformation and many more.

REPRODUCTIVE

TECHNOLOGIES

TISSUE CULTURE

TISSUE CULTUREIs an activity to cultivate a tissue of

plant or animal vegetively to be a plant or animal that has similar property to its parent in a short time. Tissue culture is based on titopotency property.Titopotency property in plants is very high. Therefore, tissue culture is commonly done in plants

ADVANTAGES• Obtaining a lot of germs in a

short time with similar property to the parent

• Making plants with properties we want

• Is economical from aspect of time, space and energy

CROSS MIRRIAGEis the simplest and easiest method to

get superior variety because we just marry two individuals of the same kind but having different varieties The example of cross mirriage in plants is IR-24 (PB-24) riceplant its rice is delicious and soft, more resistant to disease , and can be harvested at the age about 120 days,

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

Simply means the injection of semen into the vagina or uterus other than by sexual intercourse. a reproductive technology through generative reproduction.This technique is commonly done in cattle, such us in cows, buffalos, and goats. Artificial has saveral advantages, one of them is that the sperm from animal that is required can be freezed. On the contrary, the sperm can be liquified before beingused.

CLONING.1938, cloning was for

the first time proposed by a german scientist, Hans Spemman. He made theory, that animals could be cloned through fusion of embryo with ovum.

Is to produce new individual vegetatively (asexual), so this new individual has property equal to its host Cloning can happen in plant , animal, also in human. The simple example of cloning in plant is slipping process in plants

Dolly- the first cloned animal.

The example of cloning in human is “Louise Brown”, Louise brown was the first baby born in England through in vitro fertilization.

joining of a woman’s egg and a man’s sperm in a laboratory dish.

CULTIVATION METHODS

Hidroponic is a cultivation method without soil medium. Hidroponic system in Indonesia began to be noticed by society and developed in 1980. Hidroponic develops from water culture, that is cultivition method of plant in labolatory. Aeroponic is the process of growing plants in an air or mist environment without the use of soil or an aggregate medium

MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS

There are a wide variety of products that the biotechnology field has produced. More than 65% of biotech companies focuses and are involved in pharmaceutical production. 1982- Genentech developed HUMULIN to treat diabetes and the first biotech drug to be Approved. Biotech Laboratories focuses cell culture(refers to the technique of growing cells in the lab under controlled conditions)

OTHER PRODUCTS…Other biotech products include

proteins in home pregnancy tests, amylase and cellulose that being used by stonewash jeans to create a faded look. Frost-resistant strawberries.

AGRICULTURAL• Pest-resistant plants• Promoted drugs to be developed

and grown as plant products• To have drought-resistant, cold

tolerant and higher-yielding crops

ANIMAL• Scientists create female

transgenic animals to expres therapeutic proteins in milk

• Goats, cattle, sheep and chickens are sources of antibodies

• DOLLY- first cloned animalBorn July 5, 1996 Died February

14, 2003

AQUACULTUREprocess of raising finfish or

shellfish in controlled condtions for food sources

ENVIRONMENTAL• Bioremediation is the Use of

biotech to process or degrade a variety of natural and man-made products, esp. those contributing to pollution

• -OIL SPILL. 1989- Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska used PSEUDOMONAS to clean up the spill.

EXPERIMENTALBasic research in biotech uses

knock-out experiments, which are very helpful for learning about the function of a gene

FORENSIC• DNA fingerprinting is the classic of

a forensic application, commonly used for law enforcement and crime scene investigation(CSI)

• First used in 1897 to convict a rapist in England. DNA fingerprinting is applied to identify human remains and also epidemiology.

MICROBIAL• Bacteria and yeast are the most

frequently used microbes• Better enzymes and organisms

for making foods, simplifying manufacture and production processes, and making decontamination processes for industrial waste product removal more efficient

PHARMACEUTICAL• Molecular pharming- use of

genetically modified plants/animals as a scource of pharmaceutical products

• Gene therapy and stem cell technologies