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Gupta and MughalDynasties
A History of India
OverviewA Timeline
Taken from: thetoursofindia.com
Timeline
I. Pre-Gupta1. Late Vedic Period (800 – 500 BC)2. Nanda Dynasty (500 – 321 BC)3. Mauryan Dynasty (321 – 185 BC)4. Sunga Dynasty (185 – 73 BC)5. Rise of the Kushan (73 BC – 320 CE)
Timeline
II. Gupta Dynasty1. Rise of the Gupta (320 – 415 CE)2. Classical Period of India 3. Great Rulers of the Gupta 4. Fall of the Gupta (415 – 540 CE)
Timeline
III. Assimilation of Islam into India1. Harsha (7th century CE)2. Chola Dynasty (850 – 1175)3. Rise of Delhi Sultanate (1175 – 1206)4. Slave Dynasty (1206 – 1290)5. Expansion to the South (1299 – 1324)6. Fall of Delhi Sultanate (1324 – 1526) 7. Deccani Sultanate (15th century CE)
Timeline
IV. Mughal Dynasty1. Rise of the Mughals (1527 – 1530) 2. Islamic Period of India 3. Great Rulers of the Mughal4. Fall of the Mughal (1707 – 1857)
GAME!
Goals: To be able to enjoy the study of India’s historyTo be able to learn the value of decision-makingHow to win the game: Earn the most number of resource points and become the dominating clan in the region
Mechanics
Preparations: Class divides into five clans. Each clan
must have a name. The clan will elect a brahmin and
kshatriya. The clan must prepare pieces of paper
(1/4 pad) on which their brahmin will write their clan’s decisions.
Each clan is given 50 RPs (resource pts.) to start the game.
Mechanics
Decision-Making: For each segment in India’s history,
there will be given scenarios and each clan has to make a decision in response to the scenario
If, according to history, the decision made by a clan is the correct response to the scenario, they earn 25 RPs. Otherwise, they lose 25 RPs
Mechanics
Decision-Making: After each scenario is shown, their will be
choices to guide the clans. The clans will then pick their decision from the given choices
The brahmin, having the ability to communicate with the gods, will write their choice on the piece of paper and give it to Garuda, king of the birds
Garuda will collect the decisions of the clans and declare which clans received the favor of the gods and thus 10 RPs and which clans did not
Mechanics
Blessings and Curses: The clans that make the right
decisions will have to send their kshatriya to try their luck in the Box
The Box contains blessings and curses
Blessings and curses may affect the clan that picked it or all the clans or none at all
Blessings and curses may be picked more than once
Mechanics
Expansion: Expansion can be achieved by upgrading
your clan’s defenses 50 RPs is required for every upgrade can only be done if the clan made the
right decision there will be a maximum of five upgrades Only one upgrade at a time Expansion makes your clan harder to
dominate
Mechanics
Domination: Domination can be achieved by eliminating
another clan from the game A clan can only eliminate another if:
The clan has more than a 50 RP lead from its target
The target was unable to make the right decision when the clan decides to eliminate it
The clan receives half the RPs of the clan it eliminates
Only one clan can be eliminated per scenario
Mechanics
Redemption: A clan that has been eliminated will
continue to make decisions (limbo) If the clan makes the right decision, they
may return to the game However, the target cannot regain the
points lost to the dominating clan after redemption
There are blessing and curse cards that also resurrect clans from the dead
A clan may be eliminated and redeemed more than once
Mechanics
Victory, etc.: Victory is declared by the clan with
the most number of RPs by the end of the game
No tiebreakers Upgrades are not converted back to
RPs at the end of the game At the end of each scenario, the
clans that made the right decision can choose to either Expand, Dominate, or Pass
LET THE GAMES BEGIN!
Taken from: memegenerator.net
Pre – Gupta
Taken from: aratta.wordpress.com
Rise of the Mahajanapadas
Literally means “great (maha) foothold of a tribe (janapada)”
Small kingdoms or states that rose to power mostly in northern India
Frequently in conflict for resources or territory
Mentioned in Buddhist and Jain literature
By 500 BC, there were 16 mahajanapadas
Rise of the Mahajanapadas Second major rise in urbanization after IVC A divided, warring India vulnerability as
a whole Shift from tribal democracy to monarchy
(with a representative, elderly assembly called a Gana-Parishad)
increased prosperity due to increased trade locally and internationally
Rulers had coins minted from different metals
formation of guilds lead to formation of sub-castes
Rise of the Mahajanapadas
Foreign Influences: India was invaded by the Persians
and the Greeks and influenced each other’s cultures Persians to Indians – Araminc form of
writing and trade Indians to Persians – Buddha meets
Zoroaster Greeks to Indians – trade, introduced
money, guilds, and influenced Mauryan art
Indians to Greeks – Indian history
Rise of the Mahajanapadas
Magadha: Found in northeastern India (present-day Bihar) By 600 – 400 BC, became the most powerful
mahajanapada Ruled by the Haryankas, Sisunagas, and the
Nandas Characterized by an efficient adminstration and
a strong army In a strategic position in the Ganges valley
(linked to ports along Ganges river area and aided the trade routes)
Where Buddha was born
Scenario 1
Magadha has just risen to become a major power player in India.
Rajgiri, the first capital of MagadhaTaken from: ensyklopedia.com
Scenario 1
a) We will declare war against Magadha and seize control of the trade routes.
b) We will not form any concrete relations with the Magadha.
c) We will send diplomats to Magadha and establish an alliance.
d) We will assassinate the king of Magadha and then blame it on another mahajanapada, causing a war.
e) We will raise taxes on exports to Magadha.
Scenario 2
Alexander the Great has just invaded Punjab, in the northwest, and is fast approaching the territory of the Nanda Dynasty with his formidable army.
Porus and Alexander drawTaken from: my.chinese.cn
Scenario 2
a) We will send our warriors to join Nanda Dynasty’s army.
b) We will send our warriors to join Alexander’s army.
c) We will sell weapons and elephants to both sides.
d) We will make a treaty with Alexander the Great.
e) We will maintain a non-belligerent position in this conflict.
Mauryan Dynasty (321 – 185 BC)
Chandragupta Maurya: toppled the Nanda Dynasty seized control of Indus Valley from the
Seleucus I Nicator formed an impressive centralized system agriculture and trade flourished backed by strong military resources and
an effective secret service Jainism convert
Scenario 3
Chandragupta Maurya has just recently made a treaty with Seleucus I Nicator and has united the Indus and the Ganges. He has formed a formidable kingdom.
Chandragupta Maurya Taken from: msmonterossosfacebookpage.wikispaces.com
Chandragupta’s EmpireTaken from: en.wikipedia.org
Scenario 3
a) We will unite all the mahajanapadas and declare war on Chandragupta.
b) We will send Chandragupta tributes and build friendly relations with his kingdom.
c) We will migrate south into the Deccan.
d) We will migrate northwest to the region of the Seleucids.
e) We will begin efforts to reinstate the Nanda Dynasty.
Mauryan Dynasty (321 – 185 BC) Bindusara
little is known of his reign expanded Mauryan territory into the Deccan
Ashoka brought empire to greatest extent after
seizing the Kalinga region in the east promoted the arts and sciences Buddhism convert and sent missionaries
througout Asia his edicts are inscribed on rocks and pillars
throughout South Asia
Mauryan Dynasty (321 – 185 BC) Fall of the Mauryan Dynasty
subsequent rulers lost territories and prestige
squabbles began over succession last Mauryan emperor Brihadratha was
assassinated by his general and chief aide, Pusyamitra
Scenario 4
Ashoka has just come back from the bloody war of Kalinga. After all the bloodshed he has witnessed, he gathers the clans in his kingdom to plan his next move.
Battle for KalingaTaken from: mannaismayaadventure.com
Scenario 4
a) We will support him in his campaign of conquest of India.
b) We will advise him to convert to Buddhism.
c) We will not give him any advice. d) We will advise him to hand over his
throne to a steward while he takes a break.
e) We will take this opportunity to seize control of the throne while he is weakened by the war.
Pre-Gupta (185 BC – 320 CE) Sunga Dynasty is established by
Pusyamitra but doesn’t last for long India revisits its chaotic, divided pre-
Mauryan history Small kingdoms rise in northern India led
by “Indo-Greek” rulers, like Menander, who becomes somewhat a Buddhist saint
They were replaced by the Kushans from Central Asia who ruled northern India with Ayodhya as their capital
Scenario 5
Sunga Dynasty falls, and India is once again fragmented. However, the Bactrian leaders have declared independence from their Seleucid overlords and are now seizing control of northern India.
Scenario 5
a) We will make a treaty with the Bactrians.
b) We will conquer as much territory as possible before the Bactrians do.
c) We will rebuild the Mauryan kingdom and challenge the Bactrians.
d) We will maintain a non-belligerent stance and allow the Bactrians to invade India.
e) We will convince the Seleucids to send their armies to crush the Bactrians.
Gupta Dynasty
Gupta Dynasty (320 – 540 CE)
Rise of the Gupta Dynasty: Rich family from Magadha that rose to
power Dynasty was founded by Chandra Gupta
I expanded militarily or through marriage Pataliputra, in Magadha, became the
capital By 380, its territory had taken up much
of northern India but could not match the gains of the Mauryan kingdom
marked the beginning of Golden Age of India
Scenario 6
Chandra Gupta has plans of annexing your territories into his kingdom. His forces have grown strong and mighty.
Queen Kumaradevi and King Chandra Gupta I on a coinTaken from: en.wikipedia.org
Scenario 6
a) War it is, then. b) We will send our most beautiful girl
for him to marry. c) We will flee and find refuge in the
south. d) We will submit ourselves willingly
into his domain.e) We will promise to send him tribute
in exchange for our freedom.
Gupta Dynasty (320 – 540 CE)
Classical Period of India: Golden Age of India period of cultural development, peace,
and economic prosperity Fa Xian/Hien, a Chinese pilgrim,
described “beautiful cities, fine hospital and universities, and a content and prosperous people”
evidences: coins, pillars, and texts throughout the period
Scenario 7
Hindu converts are starting to flood your staunch Buddhist clan.
Scenario 7
a) It is not necessary to take any action on this matter.
b) We will all convert to Hinduism. c) We will massacre all the Hindu
converts to discourage any Hindu revival in our clan.
d) We will convince the Hindu converts to convert to Buddhism.
e) We will adopt a policy of religious tolerance.
Gupta Dynasty (320 – 540 CE)
Cultural development ▪ revival of interest in Hinduism; slight decline
in Jainism and Buddhism ▪ classic image of Buddha was developed ▪ Peak of Sanskrit language and literature ▪ Artistic temple architecture and sculpture▪ Magnificent works of art: ▪ sculpted friezes at Udayagiri caves by Jain and
Buddhist monks ▪ Painted Ajanta caves ▪ Sarnath Buddha ▪ Deogarh Dashavatara Temple panels
Udayagiri Caves Taken from: flickriver.com
Gupta Dynasty (320 – 540 CE)
Advances in natural sciences ▪ decimal system was devised with zero placeholder▪ accuracy of Pi to the fourth decimal place ▪ Symbols of 1 to 9 were devised ▪ Proposal that Earth was round not flat▪ Surgical operations were performed
Professional army ▪ Utilized war elephants, chariots, and bows to great
effect▪ Disciplined and heavily armed foot soldiers ▪ Had a naval force
Gupta Dynasty (320 – 540 CE)
Social Life ▪ Professions determined by caste, though not
strictly▪ Adoption was looked down upon▪ Men dominated family and society▪ Women were respected in society, idealized
in literature, and given a certain amount of education▪ Gambling, animal fighting, wrestling, and
athletics were common pastimes ▪ Education was provided by Hindus and
Buddhists; universities were sponsored by Gupta kings
Gupta Dynasty (320 – 540 CE)
Economic Activities▪ Textile industry (silk, muslin, calico, linen,
wool, and cotton)▪ Pack animals and ox carts were used to
transport goods on land; Indian ships were used on water▪ Emergence of guilds signified progress in
industry and trade ▪ Agriculture remained an important industry ▪ Buddhist Church participated in economic
activities▪ Money was in circulation
Gupta Dynasty (320 – 540 CE)
Rulers of Gupta Dynasty: efficient conquerors and administrators 1. Chandra Gupta I▪ Third ruler of Magadha ▪ First empire-builder; used military tactics and
marriage (to Kumaradevi)
2. Samudragupta ▪ Conquered many territories without much effort ▪ Characterized by discoveries in natural sciences ▪ “Indian Napoleon”
Gupta Dynasty (320 – 540 CE)
3. Chandra Gupta II / Vikramaditya▪ “legendary” king of India ▪ conquered the peninsula of Saurashtra ▪ established sea ports to facilitate trade and
commerce▪ most number of coins found from his reign
4. Kumaragupta I ▪ united India as a single entity▪ was able to ward off the Hephthalites from
the north
Scenario 8
Hephthalites have begun to invade Gupta territory. Clans have been requested to send their best soldiers to the border.
Hephthalites invading Gupta Taken from: hunzatours.com
Scenario 8
a) We will make an alliance with the Hephthalites and betray the Gupta army.
b) We will break away from the Gupta empire.
c) We will send all our soldiers and put all our resources to stopping the White Huns.
d) We will surrender to the Hephthalites.
e) We will offer resources but will not send our soldiers to war.
Gupta Dynasty (320 – 540 CE)
Fall of the Gupta Dynasty: 5. Skandagupta▪ repulsed attacks from the Hephthalites ▪ Drained his kingdom’s resources and
contributed to its decline Guptas pulled back to their homeland
after the attacks of the Hephthalites (White Huns)
India returned to being a patchwork of small kingdoms
Assimilation of Islam into India
Scenario 9
The Hephthalites have defeated the army of the Gupta empire. India is once again fragmented into small kingdoms.
Scenario 9
a) We will seize the opportunity to start our own dynasty.
b) We will reinstate the Gupta Dynasty. c) We will hunt down the Hephthalites
and massacre them. d) We will not pursue any acts of
aggression. e) We will start a war between the
kingdoms that will ensure profit, no matter the outcome.
Post – Gupta (600 – 1100 CE) Harsha (7th century CE) built a vast
kingdom but after his death it fragmented
Chola Dynasty (850 – 1200) ruled all of southern India and was a crucial staging post for Chinese and Arabic merchant ships
Arab traders slowly introduce Islam to the region by the 8th century
Muslim armies from Persia and Ghazni (Afghanistan) attacked the region from 8th – 11th centuries
Scenario 10
Arab traders start preaching Islam to your clan.
Scenario 10
a) Send the Arab traders back home. b) Let them be. c) Kill the Arab traders. d) Declare a trade embargo against
the Arabs.e) Punish all those who convert to
Islam.
Scenario 11
Muhammad of Ghur, a Muslim nomad, has come with an army to invade India. The other kingdoms are requesting an alliance against Muhammad.
Muhammad of GhurTaken from: hunzatours.com
Scenario 11
a) Join the alliance. b) Make an alliance with Muhammad. c) Be a non-belligerent.d) All convert to Islam.e) Flee to the south.
Delhi Sultanate (1175 – 1256)
Muhammad of Ghur Nomad who invaded India from present-
day Afghanistan His centralized army, mostly horsemen,
defeated the bigger and richer Indian armies
His armies sacked Delhi in 1193 and swept through most of South Asia
Scenario 12
Qutb-ud-din Aibek builds the Qutb Minar – the tallest minaret – to symbolize India’s assimilation into the Muslim world.
Qutb MinarTaken from: monuments.ws
Scenario 12
a) So what? b) Build a taller minaret.c) Build a monument beside the
minaret dedicated to our sultanate’s power.
d) Destroy the Qutb Minar. e) Aibek should be assassinated – he’s
only the chief aide Muhammad. Plus, he was an ex-slave.
Delhi Sultanate (1175 – 1256)
Qutb-ud-din Aibek One of Muhammad’s generals and ex-
slave Established Delhi Sultanate Qutb Minar – tallest minaret built – to
symbolize assimilation of India into Muslim world
Sultans built grand monuments around the Qutb Minar to demonstrate power
Delhi Sultanate (1175 – 1256)
Slave Dynasty Military slaves and women became sultans (Iltutmish in 1211 and Razia Sultana in 1236) Succession to Sultanate was violent, at least 5
of 11 sultans assassinated Imperial authority grew stronger as “divine
right of kings” was propagated by refugees from Baghdad fleeing from Mongols
Sultans based law on pragmatism (practicality) rather than Shariah law
Religious tolerance
Scenario 13
Your clan’s leader has become Sultan of Delhi. He has become the target of other sultans who think he doesn’t deserve his position.
Scenario 13
a) Assassinate all the other sultans before they assassinate our leader.
b) Replace the sultans with loyal governors.
c) Send gifts to the other sultans to appease them.
d) Tell our leader to flee from Delhi. e) Intimidate the sultans with a display
of power by expanding our territory.
Scenario 14
Southern kingdoms of the Deccan plains have stopped paying tribute to your sultanate.
Scenario 14
a) Send an army to crush them all. b) Loot their kingdoms. c) Replace their kings with loyal
governors. d) Lower the amount of tribute to be
paid. e) Increase the amount of tribute to be
paid by the other provinces under our rule.
Delhi Sultanate (1175 – 1256)
Expansion to the South Sultan Alauddin Khilji launched
successful military campaigns against southern kingdoms
Malik Kafur, Alauddin’s favorite slave, was sent on raids to Deccan plateau in 1311
In 1321, Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq sent his son Muhammad to annex southern kingdoms▪ Southern kingdoms had stopped paying
tribute▪ Kings were replaced with loyal governors
Scenario 15
The southern kingdoms have recently successfully seceded from the Sultanate. The formidable Mongol army, led by Timur, also threatens to invade your Sultanate.
Scenario 15
a) Launch a campaign to regain the Southern provinces.
b) Concentrate all forces at Delhi to prepare for a Mongol invasion.
c) Halt the advance of the Mongol forces.
d) Move the capital away from Delhi. e) Make a treaty with the Mongol
forces to spare Delhi.
Delhi Sultanate (1175 – 1256)
Fall of Delhi Sultanate Capital was moved to Devagiri but returned
to Delhi because of inadequate water supply Victory of governors of Deccan provinces in
1347 Establishment of Bahmani kingdom Mongol warrior Timur (descendant of Genghis
Khan) sacks Delhi, ending its dominance in the region
Ibrahim Lodi’s defeat at Panipat marked the end of the Delhi Sultanate
Deccani Sultanates
Bahmani kingdom in the south fragmented into five sultanates
In 1565, united to defeat the Vijayanagar Empire, a common rival in Southern India
Mughal Dynasty
Scenario 16
You were recently exiled from your home. You have supporters willing to die for you and know that India has fragmented into weak kingdoms.
Scenario 16
a) Relax in exile. b) Take revenge on those who exiled
me. c) Migrate to another kingdom where I
can find refuge. d) Start a campaign to conquer India. e) Build my own kingdom in exile.
Mughal Dynasty (1527 – 1857)
Rise of the Mughal Dynasty: Babur, descendant of Timur, was exiled
from his home by Uzbek Shaibani Khan Babur seized Kabul in 1504 and moved
to India He defeated Ibrahim Lodi in Panipat and
Rajput King at Kanua in 1527 He consolidated Mughal rule over most
of northern India from his capital at Agra by 1530
Mughal Dynasty (1527 – 1857)
Islamic Age of India Mughal (Persian for Mongol) Imperial power in the subcontinent Continued the assimilation of Islam into
the region India enjoyed relative cultural and
economic progress
Mughal Dynasty (1527 – 1857)
Mughal influences in Indian culture▪ Characterized by unique architecture of Mughals(Taj Mahal, Hamayun’s Tomb, Agra and Lahore
Fort) ▪ Centralised, imperialistic government▪ Persian art and culture + Indian art and culture▪ Trade routes opened to Arab and Turkish lands▪ Mughlai cuisine▪ Landscape gardening▪ Development of Urdu language (national
language of Pakistan)
Taj MahalTaken from: rajivawijesinha.wordpress.com
Mughal Dynasty (1527 – 1857)
Advances in natural science: ▪ Mughal astronomers continued to make
advances in observational astronomy▪ Hamayun built a personal observatory in
Delhi▪ Instruments and techniques derived from
Muslim tradition▪ Invention of seamless celestial globe ▪ Sake Dean Mahomed used Mughal alchemy to
understand how shampoo was made and served as shampooing surgeon to Kings George IV and William IV
Mughal Dynasty (1527 – 1857)
Mughal society ▪ Creation of road systems and uniform
currency▪ Key industry: shipbuilding for trade and
maintaining their small fleet▪ Maktabs (elementary schools) were built in
every province ▪ Influence of caste system slowly diminished ▪ Social ladder mainly consisted of the nobility
at the top, merchants and professionals at the middle, and peasants at the bottom
Scenario 17
Foreigners arrive in large ships bearing the flag of an East India Trading Company.
East India Trading Company FlagTaken from: forums.taleworlds.com
Scenario 17
a) Blockade their ships on port and have them all imprisoned.
b) Kill the strange men and burn their strange ships.
c) It’s a normal day for trading.d) Trade with them but report their
presence to the Mughal emperor. e) Trade with them but blast their
ships as they leave.
Mughal Dynasty (1527 – 1857)
Economic activities ▪ Mainly agriculture, trade, and shipbuilding▪ Millets, oilseeds, cereals, hemp, chili,
sugarcane, cotton, indigo, betel, and others▪ Textile industry flourished ▪ Transport and communication systems
improved ▪ Influx of European Traders (EIC) improved
economy▪ Monetized economy
Scenario 18
Hamayun, son of Babur, loses his father’s Mughal acquisitions in India to the Afghan ruler Sher Shah Sur and is exiled to the Safavid court at Persia.
Scenario 18
a) Declare war on Sher Shah Sur. b) Advise Sher Shah Sur to build up his
defenses in case Hamayun returns. c) Offer our help to Hamayun for his
return in secret. d) Have Hamayun killed before he
reaches the Safavid court. e) Have Sher Shah Sur killed before he
reaches Agra.
Mughal Dynasty (1527 – 1857)
Rulers of Mughal Dynasty: 1. Babur ▪ founded the Mughal Dynasty after his exile▪ ruled most of northern India from his capital at
Agra by 1530
2. Hamayun▪ 1540, he loses his father’s gains to Afghan ruler
Sher Shah Sur ▪ Exiled to the Safavid court at Persia▪ 1555, with Persian support, he restores Mughal
rule by defeating Sher Shah Sur’s weaker descendants
Mughal Dynasty (1527 – 1857) 3. Akbar▪ ruled with Bairam Khan because he was too young (12
yrs. Old) when he came to power▪ built fortresses all over northern India ▪ established centralised government administered by
warrior – aristocrats (mansabdars) ▪ Adopted religious tolerance and married women of
different faiths ▪ Reduced influence of Muslim scholars ▪ Patronized north Indian classical music and invited
famed singer and musician, Tansen, to his court▪ established a school of Mughal painting ▪ By 1605, his acquisitions reached from Kasmir to the
north, Deccan to the south, Afghanistan to the west, and Bengal to the east
Mughal Dynasty (1527 – 1857)
4. Jahangir▪ Resented being overshadowed by father’s
achievements▪ Married Nur Jahan, who became the real ruler of
the empire until the death of her husband
5. Shah Jahan▪ Known for enormous cultural projects that
became symbols of Mughal wealth▪ Projects were dependent on flourishing
agriculture and trade▪ Had Taj Mahal built in Agra for his wife, Mumtaz
Mahal, and moved the capital from Agra to Delhi
Scenario 19
You are away on an important campaign against the Marathas, but you hear news that the imperial treasury is running low. If you stop the campaign now, all your efforts will be put to waste.
Scenario 19
a) Stop the campaign. Not worth it. b) Continue the campaign. Victory will
fill up the coffers again. c) Raise taxes on all exports and all
provinces of the empire. d) The news is a lie. Kill the
messenger. e) Make a deal with the Marathas – in
exchange for the end of the hostilities, enough money to refill the treasury.
Mughal Dynasty (1527 – 1857)
6. Aurangzeb▪ Oversaw expansion of the empire to its
largest extent ▪ Often away from capital for military
campaigns▪ Depleted treasury trying to defeat the
Marathas in the south▪ Strict implementation of Islam offended
Rajput and Hindu subjects
Scenario 20
The East India Trading Company is becoming a formidable threat to the weakening empire.
Scenario 20
a) Stop all trade with the East India Trading Company.
b) All hope is lost. c) Declare war on the East India
Trading Company. d) Secretly plan an open rebellion to
restore Mughal rule. e) Go into exile to rebuild our forces
and return to restore Mughal rule.
Mughal Dynasty (1527 – 1857) Fall of Mughal Dynasty
By 18th century, Mughal sovereignty was limited to Delhi and its hinterlands
1739, Nadir Shah sacked Delhi and seized the Mughal treasury
By early 19th century, East Indian Company expanded and eroded Mughal authority over India
1857, a final attempt to restore Mughal rule, the Indian Mutiny, failed ▪ led to the deposition of last Mughal emperor,
Bahadur Shah, II
As long as there remains the least trace of love of faith in the heart of our heroes, so long, the sword of Hindustan shall flash even at the throne of London.- Bahadur Shah II, last Mughal emperor, in his exile in Burma, 1857
Sepoy RebellionTaken from: captainnemoawesome.yolasite.com
Sources:
1. History by Adam Hart Davis (2007)2. http://www.mapsofindia.com/history/3. http://www.facts-about-india.com/mahajana
padas.php
4. http://www.livius.org/man-md/mauryas/mauryas.html
5. http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/guptas/guptas.html
6. http://www.indianmirror.com/dynasty/Guptadynasty.html
7. http://library.thinkquest.org/C006203/cgi-bin/stories.cgi?article=economy§ion=history/guptas&frame=parent
8. http://www.indianetzone.com/22/social_life_gupta_age.htm
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire#Influence_on_the_Indian_subcontinent
10. http://www.indianetzone.com/50/economy_mughal_empire.htm
Correct Responses to Scenarios
1. C2. E3. B4. D5. B6. E7. E8. A9. B10.D
11.C12.E13.C14.B15.D16.D17.C18.B19.D