Have to

شرایط که به وسیله اجباربرای صحبت از یک بر فردی تحمیل می شود از اصطالح خاصی

have to به معنی "مجبور بودن" استفاده میشود



به کار می رود. حال این اصطالح در زمان



به کار می رودحال این اصطالح در زمان و حالت سوم شخص مفرد آنhas to به معنی

"مجبور است" می باشد.




"مجبور است" می باشد. آنهاگذشته had to به معنی "مجبور بود" می

باشد .




"مجبور است" می باشد. آنهاگذشته had to به معنی "مجبور بود" می

باشد . به کار شکل ساده فعل بعد از این اصطالح

می رود.

نکته

نکته: برای سوالی کردن و یا منفی کردن جمالتیکه در آنها از این سه اصطالح استفاده شده به

ترتیب از


ترتیب ازdo برای have to


ترتیب ازdo برای have to doesبرای has to


ترتیب ازdo برای have to doesبرای has to did برایhad to.استفاده می شود


ترتیب ازdo برای have to doesبرای has to did برایhad to.استفاده می شود در جمالت منفی و پرسشی فقط اصطالحhave

to به کار می رود چون بعد از فعل کمکی باید شکل ساده فعل بیاید.

1- I had to clean the table last night.

1- I had to clean the table last night. 2- She had to close the door.

1- I had to clean the table last night. 2- She had to close the door. 3- The teacher had to ask the

questions.


questions. 4-His father had to answer the

telephone this morning.


questions. 4-His father had to answer the

telephone this morning. 5- Did you have to stay at home

yesterday? No, I didn’t. No, I didn’t have to stay at home yesterday.

6- Do they have to study English tonight? Yes, they do. Yes, they have to study English tonight.


7- Does she have to wash the dishes today? Yes.she does. She has to wash the dishes today.



8- Those student have to leave the classroom .




9- They had to see the assistant because they were late for the class .




9- They had to see the assistant because they were late for the class .

10- He didn’t have a bicycle. He had to walk to school.

هم اجبار قوی را نشان می دهد فعل کمکی ایناما


اعمال می شود .گوینده جمله اجباری که توسط


اعمال می شود .گوینده جمله اجباری که توسط به کار می شکل ساده فعل بعد از آن در جمله

رود.


اعمال می شود .گوینده جمله اجباری که توسط به کار می شکل ساده فعل بعد از آن در جمله

رود. است و زمان حال نکته مهم : این فعل کمکی

می باشدhad toگذشته آن

We have guests. You must buy more fruits.


The students must wait for the school bell.



We must pay for the dinner.



We must pay for the dinner. We must finish the book.



We must pay for the dinner. We must finish the book. The teacher must teach the lesson

again.




again. You must stay at home and study.




again. You must stay at home and study. Those people must pay for the chairs.

1- We …………….finish the book last year. ( must )

1- We …………….finish the book last year. ( must )

1- We had to finish the book last year. ( must )

2- I must ……………for the dinner.( paid )

2- I must ……………for the dinner.( paid )

2- I must pay for the dinner.( paid )

3- He ………………not do things with his hands. He had to sit on that hard chair. ( can )

3- He ………………not do things with his hands. He had to sit on that hard chair. ( can )

3- He could not do things with his hands. He had to sit on that hard chair. ( can )

4- He didn’t …………….any friends so he had to play alone. ( has )

4- He didn’t …………….any friends so he had to play alone. ( has )

4- He didn’t have any friends so he had to play alone. ( has )

5- Reza was late for class. He ……………….see the teacher. ( has to )

5- Reza was late for class. He ……………….see the teacher. ( has to )

5- Reza was late for class. He had to see the teacher. ( has to )

6- The old man was sick . He had to …………….the doctor. ( saw )

6- The old man was sick . He had to …………….the doctor. ( saw )

6- The old man was sick . He had to see the doctor. ( saw )

7- They didn’t know the address. They …………….ask a policeman. ( have to )

7- They didn’t know the address. They …………….ask a policeman. ( have to )

7- They didn’t know the address. They had to ask a policeman. ( have to )

8- Does your sister ……………….clean the kitchen? Yes, she does. ( had to )

8- Does your sister have to clean the kitchen? Yes, she does. ( had to )

9- Ali has to …………….English hard tonight .He has an English test tomorrow. ( studied )

9- Ali has to study English hard tonight .He has an English test tomorrow. ( studied )

can به معنی "توانستن" زمان حال و

can به معنی "توانستن" زمان حال وcould به معنی "توانست یا می توانست" زمان

گذشته می باشد.


گذشته می باشد.can و couldهر دو فعل کمکی هستند یعنی


گذشته می باشد.can و couldهر دو فعل کمکی هستند یعنی می توان not را به آخرآنها اضافه کرد تا منفی

شود



شود ویا انها را در ابتدای جمله قرار داد تا جمله سوالی

شود.



شود ویا انها را در ابتدای جمله قرار داد تا جمله سوالی

شود.در جمله بعد ازcan , could شکل ساده فعل به

کار می رود.

I couldn’t read and write when I was 3 years old.


I couldn’t speak English 5 years ago, but now I can do it .



You could ride a bicycle but you couldn’t drive a car last year.




Could you swim very well 2 years ago? No, I couldn’t.




Could you swim very well 2 years ago? No, I couldn’t.

Could she write German when he went there ? No, she couldn’t.

Her brother could speak English but he couldn’t speak German.


Could they buy a big house for him ? Yes, they could .



They wanted to help her ,but they couldn’t .




He couldn’t do things with his hands.




He couldn’t do things with his hands. We couldn’t play ping – pong 3 years

ago but we can play now.

1-The children can …………..(to read) the books well now but the ……………do it before.( cannot)

1-The children can …………..(to read) the books well now but the ……………do it before.( cannot)

1-The children can read the books well now but the couldn’t do it before.( cannot)

2- He couldn’t …………..( spoke) English before.

2- He couldn’t …………..( spoke) English before.

2- He couldn’t speak English before.

3- Could Friedrich ……………( doing) things with his hands?

3- Could Friedrich ……………( doing) things with his hands?

3- Could Friedrich do things with his hands?

4- Could you write Arabic 4 years ago? No, I ……………. (cannot)

4- Could you write Arabic 4 years ago? No, I ……………. (cannot)

4- Could you write Arabic 4 years ago? No, I couldn’t. (cannot)

5- Ali can …………….( plays) football very well now.

5- Ali can …………….( plays) football very well now.

5- Ali can play football very well now.

6- Could all the students ……………..(answered) the questions? No, they couldn’t.

6- Could all the students ……………..(answered) the questions? No, they couldn’t.

6- Could all the students answer (answered) the questions? No, they couldn’t.

7- We didn’t have time so we …………..(can) not clean the garden.

7- We didn’t have time so we …………..(can) not clean the garden.

7- We didn’t have time so we could not clean the garden.

8- Can the man………………(speaks) German very well? No, he can’t.

8- Can the man………………(speaks) German very well? No, he can’t.

8- Can the man speak German very well? No, he can’t.

9- Could you ……………(rode) a motor bicycle last year?

9- Could you ……………(rode) a motor bicycle last year?

9- Could you ride a motor bicycle last year?

10- We can ……………..(to finish) the book this year.

10- We can ……………..(to finish) the book this year.

10- We can finish the book this year.

Education

Have to