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Dr MENON RAJU MADHAVANVeterinary Surgeon,Animal Husbandry Department, Govt. Of Kerala, India.
DATA RECORDED
Origin
Vital statistics,
Size of the tusks,
Temperament,
Ownership details
DATA RECORDED
Origin
Vital statistics,
Size of the tusks,
Temperament,
Ownership details
Age,
Blood picture
Wounds
Overall appearance
Period of Musth
Parasitic infestations
DATA RECORDED
Age,
Blood picture
Wounds
Overall appearance
Period of Musth
Parasitic infestations
AGE GROUP STUDIED
Age No of elephants
6-18 15
19-30 20
31-42 21
43-55 18
SOURCES OF ELEPHANTS
Source no %
Bihar 33 43.42
Kerala 14 18.42
Arunachal 4 5.62
Andamans 2 2.63
Karnataka 6 7.89
UP 5 6.58
Assam 8 10.53
Unknown 4 5.26
List of lesions observedLesions Foot
pad injuryUlcers Eye
injuriesMinor wounds
% cases
32.74 14.5 26.6 76
Total and Differential WBC counts
TOTAL WBC COUNT
NEUTRO-PHILCOUNT
LYMPHO-CYTECOUNT
EOSINO-PHIL COUNT
MONOCYTE
COUNT
/µl % % % %RANGE 6500 -
1580026-64 26-66 0-15 0-4
MEAN9944.08 45.73 50.78 5.74 2.24
STD DEV 3863.11 8.99 8.74 0.92 0.93
List of lesions observed
Lesions
Foot pad injury
Ulcers Eye injuries
Minor wounds
%cases
32.74 14.5 26.6 76
Total and Differential WBC counts
TOTAL WBC COUNT
NEUTRO-PHILCOUNT
LYMPHO-CYTECOUNT
EOSINO-PHIL COUNT
MONOCYTE
COUNT
/µl % % % %
RANGE 6500 - 15800
26-64 26-66 0-15 0-4
MEAN9944.08 45.73 50.78 5.74 2.24
STD DEV 3863.11 8.99 8.74 0.92 0.93
Values of Hemoglobin, Total RBC, PCV and ESR observed
HEMOGLOBIN
TOTAL RBC COUNT
PCV ESR
g/dl 10 6/µl % mm/15min
RANGE
8.9-18.4 1.73- 6.3 11.6-44
15-64
MEAN 14.33. 3.63 32.40 28.45STD DEV 2.47 0.93 7.43 9.45
BUN, Creatinine, Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin and AG Ratio
BUN CREATININE
TOTAL PROTEI
N
ALBUMIN
GLOBULIN
AG RATIO
mg % mg% g % g % g %
RANGE
14-69
0.8-3.2 4.3-7.8
2.5-3.9 1.8-5 0.52-1.27
MEAN 28.67 1.49 6.01 2.95 3.01 0.96STD DEV
7.99 0.66 0.82 0.88 0.96 0.18
•Improper management •Lack of proper care •Inexperienced mahouts •Continuous and heavy work •Lack of nutrition
PROBLEMS
6-18 years old
1
19- 30 years old2
31 - 42 years old3
>43 years old
4
BUN 28.82ab 26.85a 28.8ab 31.68b
Creatinine 1.21 1.22 1.49 1.19
Total Protein
5.90ab 6.28b 5.61a 5.89ab
Albumin 2.96ab 3.23b 2.91a 2.95ab
Globulin 3.00 3.03 2.92 2.96
AG RATIO 0.99ab 1.08b 0.86a 0.96ab
The mean values of BUN, Creatinine, Total Protein, Albumin, globulin & AG Ratio in various age groups
Age in years
6-18 19- 30 31 - 42 >43 years
RBC 3.67 3.50 3.61 3.75
PCV 32.45 31.64 32.84 31.79
ESR 26.33 26.73 28.93 26.12
Hb 14.02ab 13.38a 14.07ab 15.35b
Total WBC
9173.33 8250.00 9996.67 9120.59
The mean values of RBC, PCV, ESR, Hb and Total WBC Count in various age groups
ALP ALT AST Ca P
MEAN
311.70
3.14 16.27 10.643
5.77
SD 98.36 2.01 5.43 1.39 0.93
SERUM ENZYMES AND MINERALS
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Provide resources to carry out detailed lab investigation at 6 month intervals. • Screening for Tuberculosis should be made mandatory – Mahouts & Elephants
Old age home and orphanage for elephants
Dr DEEPA G MENONAsst Professor, Veterinary Faculty, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala, India
Dr MENON RAJU MADHAVANVeterinary Surgeon, Animal Husbandry Department, Govt. Of Kerala, India.
