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HEALTH EDUCATION
HEALTH EDUCATION
HEALTH EDUCATION
Prepared by Nirsuba Gurung
Master of nursingWomen health and
development
HEALTH EDUCATION • It can be defined as the principle
by which individuals and groups of people learn to behave in a manner conducive to the promotion, maintenance, or restoration of health.
DEFINITION
• According to WHO “Health education is a process through which people are helped to learn /achieve health through their own actions and effort
»
• “Health education is a process that informs,motivates,and helps people to adopt and maintain healthy practices and life styles, advocates environmental changes as needed to facilitate this goal and conducts professional training and research to the same end”. (National conference and preventive medicine in USA)
OBJECTIVES
• To cultivate the desirable health practices health habits;
• To develop the health attitudes;• To appreciate the health
programmes undertaken by the school and community and to improve the necessary materials for the execution of that programme;
• To develop health consciousness in the school and in the community;
• To teach pupils the rules for the preservation and development of their physical, mental and emotional health;
• To eradicate the diseases through health drive programmes;
• To combat the superstitions and prejudices in the community;
• To provide a healthful environment for physical and mental growth;
• To improve the general conditions of living in the community;
• To instruct the children and youth so as to conserve and improve their own health;
• To influence the parents and other adults through the health-educative programme for better habits and attitudes in children.
Principles of Health education• Interest.• Participation.• Proceed from known to unknown.• Comprehension.• Reinforcement by repetition.• Motivation• Learning by doing
• 8. People, facts and media.• 9. Good human relations
Principles of health education • Health education progamme
should be based on the felt needs of the people. The educator should understand the health problem, the possible solutions and the level of knowledge and general education of the people.
• The message should be consistent and brief ,unnecessary information and contradictory message will not be accepted by the people
• Before starting health education progamme the community leaders should be approached. We learn to achieve best from people whom we request and regard .
• The health professionals should create working relationship in the community. Good human relations are of utmost importance in learning .people must accept him as their real friend.
• Health education should be planned one .Planned progamme gives a step- by-step approach to a guide action necessary to reach a pre determined goal.
• Health education makes use of motivation .
• Repetition at interval will be extremely useful. Reinforcement assists comprehension and understanding.
• Participation must be emphasized .the educators task is help people to learn ,rather than to teach.
• Considerations of age of participants and subject matter .according to age group subject matter should be selected.
• No one method should be slavishly followed .The teaching should be well organized and allow for frequent use of questions,models,diagram,demonstration,
• chart etc.• The teaching group should be
limited in numbers. Group number should not be more than 20.
• In health education preceded from the known to the unknown factor .that is start where the people are and with what they understand and then proceed to new knowledge.
• In health education assess the level of understanding, education and literacy of people to whom the teaching is directed. Simple language should be used according to the level of understanding.
• Learning by doing: learning is an action process .Learning is purposive and creative .Give more chance for demonstration and return demonstration.
• Prior knowledge of the people –customs,habits,taboos ,beliefs and health needs are essential for successful health education .
• The transmitting media must be attractive, palatable and acceptable. Message media and the communicator must be satisfactorily related to each other.
• CONTENTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION• 1. Human Biology • 2. Nutrition • 3. Hygiene• 4. Family Health Care•
• 5. Control of Communicable and Non-
• Communicable Diseases• 6. Mental health • 7. Prevention of Accidents• 8. Use of Health Services
• Nutrition• for prevention of malnutrition• Taught nutrient value of food
stuffs• Method of preparation , storage• Help people to choose balanced
diet
• Hygiene • Personal• Environmental,domestic• Basic sanitary services• Menstrual hygiene
• Family Health Care• Strengthen and improve the health
of the family as a unit rather than as an individual.
• Maternal and child health care, family planning, immunization, nutrition, etc.
• Control of Communicable and Non- Communicable diseases ---Provide elementary knowledge about the nature of the diseases and methods of preventing them.
• Mental Health --Depression, neurosis, mental anxiety and emotional disturbance. Basic knowledge of common psychological ailments, methods of prevention and treatment.
• Prevention of Accidents -- People taught about basic safety rules and prevent common accidents.
• Use of Health services --People should be informed about various health services and preventive programmes available to them.
METHODS AND APPROACHES:INDIVIDUAL
INDIVIDUAL APPROACH -1• Individual focus – the cradle of
health promotion.• One-to-one basis – individual
advice, counselling• Interactive nature of face-to-face
communication allows better possibilities for success than perhaps any other communication medium
• Individual methods of health promotion are usually but not exclusively associated with secondary prevention or tertiary prevention
INDIVIDUAL APPROACH -2• LIMITATIONS• For a large population to labour
intensive to reach everyone in this manner
• One-to-one individual methods not as appropriate in the area of primary prevention – cost-ineffectiveness among large target audiences, many of whom may not develop the specific disease
• Difficult to gain access to people and also health information competing with a myriad of other messages (often anti-health forces)
INDIVIDUAL APPROACH -3• As most information concerning
health is so technical and complex, a translational process is necessary to transform scientific and medical jargon into information which can be understood and acted on by the general public
Interview • Interview is a method of providing
health education through the means of question and answers between the health educator and the learner. In this process interviewee’s knowledge ,attitide ,feeling and health practices are studied ,and essential suggestion are given to bring about the positive change.
• Also known as talk with purpose
Purpose • To secure information by face to
face contact• To make hypothesis• To collect personal data• To gain confidence about
interviewee• To identify attitude ,personality and
behaviour of interviewee
Types • Planned or structures or formal
– Organised and prepalaned – Questionnare used as a tool
• Spontaneuos / unstructures or informal – No predetermined question – Data collection by free discussion– Question based on faced problem
Process of interview • Setting the time and place for
interview – Length depends on the purpose and
nature of interview– Interview should be scheduled for a
time when both the nurse and patient are free
– Quite and private room should be arranged
• Preparation of interview – Gain adequate knowledge and
information on the topic– Decide the target group– Develop the questionnare to collect
information– Inform the interviewee about the
interview and other necessary arrangement
Begining the interview • Establish proper rapport to gain
interviewee’s confidence and put him/her at ease. It can be done by greeting and giving self introduction
• State purpose and importance of interview
• Ask question in polite manner• Listen the interviewee and make
sure that he/she has understood question
• Provide enough time to think and respond
Guideline for facilitating communication • Speak in normal tone• Do not raise your voice or shout• Speak to the client on an adult
level• Ask simple question that require
simple answers• Avoid carrying more than one
conversation at a time• Keep atmosphere quit and relaxed
• Reduce or eliminate environmental noises
• Praise client for their attempt to speak
• Keep the interviews short• Give client adequate time to
respond• Make sure you have client’s
attention before you speak and pay full attention to client while he/she is answering
Conclusion ,suggestion and report• Discuss with interviewee and make
conclusion clear to him regarding the problem and treatment plan
• Close interview in a friendly manner with thanks and greeting
• Make written report of the interview result, which will help to plan further health education programme
Advantage • Helps to know knowledge ,attitide
and practice• Help for intensive and systematic
teaching with exchange of idea and feeling
• Easy to conduct with less cost and limited facilities
• Even illitrate person can be interviewed
• Two way communication• Expression and gestures can be
observed
disadvantages• Time consuming• Difficult to cover wide range of
target people
METHODS AND APPROACHES:
GROUPS
GROUP APPROACHES -1• Group techniques offer an
intermediary between one-to-one approaches and wider community appeals through media and whole community approaches
• Groups can range in size from 2-3 people to several hundreds and can be either homogenous or heterogenous in nature
• Health education methods in such groups can be classified as didactic (i.e. lectures, seminars) or experential (i.e. skills training, simulation/games etc)
GROUP APPROACHES -2• Group methods have been used by
health educators to empower individuals, organisations and communities in key ways.
• These include assisting individuals:– to modify or maintain health-related
behaviour– to provide a supportive setting for
individuals sharing a common goal or problem
– to organise community to improve their capability to identify and solve their own problems (i.e. community organisation)
– to organise individuals and groups to undertake macro-level social change (e.g. training community leaders)
GROUP APPROACHES -3• Group methods can also be used in
a range of different settings, including those at which the level of prevention is mainly:– primary (schools, workplace,
organisations)– secondary (medical practice, health
centres, out-patient clinics, or– tertiary (hospitals, rehabilitation
centres, nursing homes)
Lecture method /interactive lectures • A lecture is an oral presentation of
information by the instructor.• It is the method of relaying factual
information which includes principles, concepts, ideas and all THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE about a given topic.
• The speaker asks the audience what their knowledge is on the subject matter at the beginning and in between the lecture about how much they have understood.
• While evaluating ,if wrong perception about the subject matter is found among the audience then the speaker should give their correct information about subject matter quickly and promptly
Uses of lecture method • To orient students.• To introduce a subject.• To give directions on procedures.• To present basic material.• To introduce a demonstration,
discussion, or performance.• To illustrate application of rules,
principles, or concepts.• To review, clarify, emphasise or
summarise
Advantages – Two-way communication is
maintained– Audience gives concentration on the
speech– Since quick evaluation is done
between the session,the lecture can be changed according to the knowledge condition of the audience
– Lagre group can be covered in a time
Disadvantage • It will be difficult for the speaker
to present mini-lecture in the short time as well as to evaluate effectively
• Audience feel shy and embarrassed when they cannot answer the question
QUALITIES OF A GOOD LECTURE• A good lecture should not be too
long as to exceed the trainees attention span (up to 25 minutes).
• A good lecture should address a single theme.
• In a good lecture technical terms are carefully explained.
• A good lecture establishes fluency in technical content.
• A good lecture uses illustrations and examples.
• A good lecture builds on existing knowledge.
• A good lecture employs a variety of approaches.
• It can be made more effective by combining with suitable A/V aids
Demonstration
•
• It is the teaching method which deals with the visual presentation of the learning activities related to application of theories and principles in a real or stimulated situation and development of specific psychomotor skills.
• Demonstration means any planned performance of an occupation skill, scientific principle or experiment.
• It is a process of providing knowledge and skill as well as developing attitude of a small group of people through the manipulation of appropriate teaching device or material
Purposes• In showing the equipments used in
the science laboratory, medical and nursing field
• In teaching those behaviors that require developing of psychomotor skills.
• For verifying theory or principle through its application in real situation like skill lab or laboratories.
• In teaching communication skill and attitudes needed to work with patients and members of health team.
TEACHER PREPARATION• Rehearse your presentation in
advance of the lesson.• Anticipate any difficult steps,
possible interruptions e.t.c.• Obtain all materials, tools,
equipment, visual and teaching aids in advance and check their useful condition.
• Have all materials within reach and conveniently arranged.
• Time the demonstration NOT to exceed 15 minutes.
• Remove all extraneous materials; check lighting, visibility, student grouping, and proximity to electric, gas and water outlets.
• Plan to use a skill or method to advantage; work from simple to complex, one step at a time.
Process • In this method the students are
divided into small groups before hand
• Then teacher shows the equipment needed to carry out a certain procedure, explains the purposes, theories, principles
• While demonstrating the teacher must be correct, demonstration should be visible and emphasis in key point
PRESENTATION• Make sure all students can see and
hear the lesson.• Be enthusiastic, professional,
effective but not dramatic.• Relax; use any mishaps or humour
to YOUR advantage.• Observe all safety rules and
procedures.• Keep eye-contact with the class;
ask and encourage class questions.
• Explain WHY and HOW: use the techniques of SHOW and TELL.
• Provide for trainees participation where possible, during and after demonstration.
• Demonstrate the correct way only. First impressions are important, therefore, make them correct ones.
• Always summarise the steps and emphasise key points again.
Benefits
• Arouse students interest and attract their attention.
• Gives student better chance to interact with learning situation (asking questions)
• Provides students opportunity to learn psychomotor skills through observation of their actual display in right manner.
• Helps students to learn through observation what attitudes to be inculcated for establishing rapport with patient and other.
• Allow active participation and learning by doing
• Allow teacher to ensure that student have picked up right type of skill.
• It promotes in the delivery of the quality care and development of professional competence.
• Limitations• Cannot be used to teach any and
every subject.• Takes more time on the part of
teacher to prepare for and give the demonstration .
• Require more than one teacher to observe the return demonstration
• Requires more learning resources so it is expensive
• It might not meet the learning objective if the teacher is incompetent.
• Some teacher might lack the art of demonstration.
Discussion method• A discussion is the means by which
people share experiences, ideas and attitudes. As it helps to foster trainees involvement in what they are learning, it may contribute to desired attitude changes.
Group discussion • Group discussion is a purposeful
conversation and deliberations about a topic of mutual interest among 6-20 participants under the guidance of a trained participant called leader
• It is a technique that offers maximum opportunity for the individual learner to share his ideas and experinces with others.
Group discussion
• Today, group discussion is also used commonly in teaching a ' group of people about how to identify their health problem and find out ways and means to solve it.
• It is a method of teaching through the direct share of knowledge, ideas and experiences among small group of persons about a particular subject or problem within a limited period of time with a view to solve the problem. Any discussion should take only an hour or less to avoid boredom.
Group size
• An ideal group may consists of Six to Twenty members depending upon the situation so that each person is able to communicate with all the others face to face to reach to a decision and achieve the common goal.
Purpose • To enable the participant to
express his opinion in a group• To encourage people to become
aware and learn about problems of community ,institution or organisation
• To learn about topic of mutual intrest
• To identify ,explore or solve a problem
• To decide on a plan of action • It provides an opportunity to share
knowledge if they have prior knowledge.
Members of group discussion and their roles:• They are:
– 1. Leader or chairperson (who guides the discussion,expert of topic, )
– 2. Recorder (writes on paper about agreement and disagreement points,suggestion, recommendation and prepare report)
– 3. General members( active participant, intrested in topic,)
Small groups• Small groups is interpersonal
communication within groups of between 3 and 20 individuals
• The initial step is the introduction of the members
• Then group members are told about the purpose of the discussion and task to be carried out by the members (assigned jobs)
• Common norms for group discussion is established
• After that each member is provided chance to express their view point and group members reach to a certain decision through consensus.
Focus Group Discussion (FGD)• A focus group is a form of
qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging. Questions are asked in an interactive group setting where participants are free to talk with other group members.
Advantages– --1. Develops creativity, confidence and ability
of judgment in the members or learners.– 2. Helps learners to come to a group decision
and solve their common problem. Group decision is better than individual decision.
– 3. Helps members to become active learners and learn new knowledge, ideas and experiences about their subject of concern through a cooperative process.
– 4. Provides adequate communication among all the members with exchange of ideas and experiences.
– 5. The health educator can make a closer study of the members of target group regarding their need, interest, attitude, ability and other potentialities.
Disadvantages • Some self-conscious members
may not venture to bring forth their valid idea "for fear of disapproval by other members.
• Sometimes discussion may be prolonged without any fruitful result, or it may take longer time to come to the conclusion or decision.
• Somebody may not feel personally responsible for the result of discussion. So, they may not participate well.
PANEL DISCUSSION
Panel discussion• Panel discussion is one of the
methods of group teaching. It can be adopted both for school students and community people in order to provide health education. The panel members will be a group of experts normally 3 or 4 persons who themselves enter into question and answer process regarding a specific topic of discussion. The health educator can manage to identify and bring the experts. He can work as a coordinator to introduce topic and the experts, and also help conduct the discussion.
Members of panel discussion and their roles:• Instructor : responsible for
managing how,where and when panel discussion will be held
• Moderator : keeps the discussion on theme and encourage intraction among the members– Summarise and highlights the
discussion more often
• Panelist: 4-10 panilist – Sits in semicircle in front of audience – Discuss regarding the theme
• Audience : • Allowed to ask question
Advantages
• Provides varied knowledge, ideas and experiences about the subject of concern to the learners.
• Interesting and can draw attention of the audience or learners.
• Learners get opportunity to ask questions and pass comments, which help, in teaching-learning process
Disadvantages
• Sometimes it is difficult to get the appropriate experts.
• Difficult to set definite time to suit the experts.
• People may discuss those thing which is not relevant to the theme
Symposium
Symposium • A symposium is a meeting or
conference for the public discussion of some topic especially one in which the participants form an audience and make presentations.
• Education method which serves as excellent devices for informing an audience ,crystallizing opinion, and general preparing the listener for arriving at discussion ,policies judgement and values
Purpose • To investigate a prblem from
several point of view• To boost students ability to speak
in group• To make students to study
independent
Members of symposium and their roles:• Speaker • Chairperson • Audience
Advantages • Useful when experts are available
to make up different issues and viewpoint and discussion thoroughly
• Variety of speaker is involved so it is interesting and draw attention
• Listener are greatly benefited as they understand particular subject through various aspects
• Develops the habit of listening and critical thinking
Disadvantages • It may be monotonous if speaker
donot prepare well or present smartly
• If the speaker do not consult each other beforehand there may be repetition
• Symposium- one way communication
• Discussion and presentation of the theme is not summarised at the end
Workshop
• Workshop is an educational method to train or educate a group of people who belong to a specific discipline . It consists of meeting usually four or more ,with emphasis on individual work within the group .
• A workshop group may consist of about 15-20 participant
Technique of organising workshop • Determine the need and purpose
of workshop • Develop workshop schedule • Plan for budget • Fix a suitable place • Invite the proposed participants
stating the proposed time and the place of workshop
• Arrange for necessary equipment ,materials and teaching aids along with management for lodging and food
• Manage for resource person or consultant to help organise as well as conduct the workshop well and achieve the objective
Technique for conducting workshop• In the beginning of the workshop
orgnizer receives the participant.• Discuss the purpose and schedule
of the workshop• Introduction programme• Election of chairperson • Conduct workshop session. There
may be two or three session a day
• Chairperson encourages the participants to take active part in the discussion and group activities
• Organizer highlights objective of the session . The expert or the consultant may also express their opinion and provide necessary information during the discussion period whenever needed .
Advantages • Helps to provide up-to-date
knowledge and skill as well as to develop appropriate attitude
• Encourage for team approach in learning and solving health problems
• Provides various learning experience like listening , speaking ,discussing
• Enhances participants power of thinking and critical learning
Disadvantages • Take long time to organise the
workshop. It might take weeks or even months
• Needs more money , materials and physical faclilities
• Sometimes it may be difficult to get appropriate consultant
• Only limited number can participate in it
Seminar
Seminar • This method of teaching also
involves discussion but in an informal way
• A group of 10-20 students take part in seminar
• One student prepare and present paper ,which is followed by discussion open to the group
• All students are expected to do considerable library research and their information from the primary source where ever possible
• Whole seminar lasts fro 1-2 hour and the time allowed for paper presentation is about 15-20 mints
• Teacher act as facilitator
Advantages • Every student participates actively
in library search or in learning • Students learn scientific approach
to problem solving through literature search
• Students gain the experience of organising an event
• It develops team spirit•
Disadvantage • It is time consuming• It cannot be used for all level of
students especially for the students new to the programme
Role play
Role play• Role play is usually a spontaneous
or unrehearsed acting out of real-life situations where others watch and learn by seeing and discussing how people might behave in certain situations.
• It is the method of teaching in which students dramatize the situation by enacting certain roles related to social problems or in human relations.
• A role play is a training method in which students act out roles in a situation related to the training/course objective
Purpose • To promote better understanding
of people problems and the behavior associated with the problem.
• To convey important message to the society.
• To promote development of attitude in students.
• Increasing their insight into typical ways of dealing with them
Principle • Role play is flexible • Role play should never rehearse • Analysis and evaluation is essential
to attain the maximum learning benefits
• Role play should be brief
Process• Entire group through the brief
discussion selects the topic on the basis of priority need.
• Characters in the situation are identified and then volunteers from the group are asked to play those characters.
• If role play is deliberately planned , the time and place for it is organized in advance ensuring that audience is comfortably seated and can view.
• Whereas in spontaneous role play presence of objects can be reflected through sounds or through expression in words.
Benefits
• They can develop empathy, or sympathy, with the points of view of other people.
• Role play can give people experiences in communication, planning and decision making.
• Using this method may help people to re-evaluate their values and attitudes,
• Brings creativity in students • Helps to develop hidden talents.• Helps in depth exploration of
emotional aspects of the situation.
Limitations
• Undue focus on dramatization may lose focus on the real purpose leading to more recreational event .
• Every student in group may not get chance to enact.
• Every student may not accept it as teaching method.
• All student might not succeed in enacting the role so may not transmit information effectively.
brain stroming
BRAINSTORMING• The purpose of a brainstorming
session is to discover new ideas and responses very quickly.
• It is particularly a good way of getting bright ideas
• Participants are encouraged to let ideas flow freely, building on and improving from previous ideas.
• These ideas are listed exactly as they are expressed on a board or flipchart, or written on bits of paper
• Even the more reserved participants should feel bold enough to contribute.
• The purpose of listing responses is to collect existing experiences and thoughts.
• After a brainstorm session, the ideas can be discussed further and evaluated, for example listing the best options in a systematic way.
• Ideas can be grouped and analysed so that they belong to the group rather then individuals.
Advantages • Leads to a very animated and
energising session.• More reserved participants feel
free to contribute• Provides varieties of useful ideas in
short time for quick group decision• Enables individuals to think and
responses quickly
Disadvantages • It takes time particularly if it is a
large group.• May consume a lot of material e.g.
flipcharts or writing materials.• Requires high level facilitation
skills.
FIELD TRIP
Field trip• A study field is a planned visit to a
place outside the classroom to provide practical knowledge in real situation.
• It is also called a study trip or an educational excursion or an educational tour.
• A study trip may be made to places within walking distance of the school taking few hours or even a day
Definition • An educational procedure by
which the student obtain first hand information by observing places , objects , phenomena or activities and process in their natural setting to further learning
• A study trip may also be taken within the school complex to see and study the waste disposal system, latrines, water supply system, kitchen complex, cafeteria or canteen, and the food Store.
• Study trip can also be taken to a distant place for several days.
Purpose • To provide real life situation for
first hand information • To supplement classroom
instruction , to secure definite information for a specific lesson
• To serve as a preview of a lesson and for gathering instructional material
• To serve as a means of arusing specific interest in materials objects, placs or processes
Advantages • Enforces the teaching resulting in
better learning• Creates interest and curiosity for
learning . It breaks monotony of classroom and provides real life experiences
• Help to develop attitude , skill, thinking and critical learning
Disadvantages • Difficult to organize in term of
money , time and other facilities . It is time consuming
• Cannot be organised for every kind of learning group for every kind of topic or subject and in all situation
Buzz group• “Buzz groups” is a methodology
which can be used to promote student activity in lectures.
• “A simple and effective method of involving students is known as ‘buzz groups’. The lecturer sets a problem or a discussion topic and invited the students to form groups of three or four who discuss or solve the problem set. The solution to the problem or a summary of discussion points can them be shown to the class on a transparency or blackboard. Alternatively some buzz groups can be invited to offer their solution or discussion points”
Process (In advance )• Design appropriate activities in
advance; activities should be: – simple enough to allow them to make
progress in a few minutes in the lecture
– complex enough that there is no easy answer that could be spotted in a few seconds ( for example, use problems with no single right solution or quizzes with multiple questions of
varying difficulty)
– related to the content which is being addressed in class (give them a problem which asks them to apply content to a setting, for example)
– clear as to what is expected (write clear instructions on activity sheets, for example)
In class 1. Explain the procedure and the
time frame: They will: – Form small groups of 3 or 4. – Complete the activity in 5 minutes – Select a presenter or presenters – Report back to larger group
2. Clarify the activity/ assignment, the guidelines and the reporting expectations (e.g., show what is on the activity sheet on a slide, for example). Ask if there are any questions (perhaps get one student to re-explain it to the class).
3. Do this before forming groups and before handing out the activity sheets so as to ensure their attention is still on you and not already on the task
4. Arrange the class into groups of 3/4. Usually they can do this by turning to those nearest them, but for classes with a diversity of knowledge or skills it might be worth considering putting teams together in some purposeful way (e.g., putting a mix of skills and knowledge in each group, for example).
5. Start the session, then circulate and monitor.
6. Tell the participants when there is one or two minutes left in the activity and remind them to choose a presenter, if necessary.
7. End the activity 8. Ask each group to report to the
larger group, and discuss the feedback.
Puppet show • It is a form of play- acting using
small models or puppets to act out the stories or massages. As with dramas , the audience makes an immediate and imaginative response to puppets
Mass method
Mass methodThis method is especially meant for
a large number of heterogeneous people. Such group of people is commonly termed as mass.
• Lecture• Exhibition • Health campaign• Advertisement
Lecture • Lecture is an oral presentation
of oral presentation of information and ideas by a person to a large group of people or mass and generally in a face to face situation at a particular place
Characterisitics of lecture • Verbal and one-way
communication of ideas and information
• Large heterogeneous group• Message will be long• Message organised in sequential
way
Exhibition Exhibition is the systematic and
meaningful display of educational materials with an intention to educate large number of people within a limited period of time and at a particular place. Exhibition can sometimes be organized to provide health education to the community people.
• Exhibition consists of the use of different teaching materials and methods to illustrate and explain the points of teaching. They are posters, charts, graphs, models, real objects, cassette playing with some health message, demonstration, puppet show, videocassette, etc.
Planning • Decide target group and determine
objectives• Effective themes are to be chosen.• Determine the accessible place
and convenient time• Prepare and collect necessary
budget and other resources
Planning • Determine the suitable materials
and methods to be used.• Arrange the utilities in a proper way
so that easy access for “in” and “out” passage can be made
• The caption used should be appropriate brief and clear
Planning • Interpreter should be standing by
the side help the audience in need when the exhibits are not self explanatory.
• Local participants should be provided the opportunities and local resources should be used as far as possible.
Procedure • Inform the concerned target group
about the time, place and subject to exhibition.
• Welcome the visitors and show interest and readiness to help them
• Let the audience see the exhibition systematically as planned. interpreter can help for this.
Procedure • It can be made on group or
individual basis.• After exhibition dismantle the
displays and other settings properly and carefully . Save the exhibits for future use if possible.
• A provision for evaluation at the end exhibition should be made so that it would stimulate interest and assist in assessing the impact of exhibition.
Advantages• Provides better learning through
varieties of experiences like hearing, seeing, touching, feeling and tasting.
• Opportunity may be provided for practical learning through demonstration, manipulation of objects and through practice.
• Interesting and attractive because of decorations, good setting, and other lively displays.
• Helps students to develop creativity.
• Organizing exhibition can also help learn some new knowledge and skills
Disadvantages • Difficult to organize in terms of
money, materials and manpower.• Difficult to organize to suit
different kinds of people with different needs, background, interest, etc.
• Difficult to get appropriate place and adjust to the available time due to lack of resources, unfavorable weather, etc.
Health campaign • It is a method of giving health
education on particular health issue to motivate large number of community people to take necessary action to solve their health problems.
• This method helps to inform about the health problems and encourage them to participate actively in action and programme conducted in community
• In campaign , the information is provided through series of activities using different channels of communication and varied methods of health education eg. Lecture ,posters ,pamphlets, street drama , exhibition , film shows etc.
