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The rise of the city in Mesopotamia
new spatial concepts of social life:from the city space to the private home
new public symbols:temples versus palaces
3500-3000 BC PROTOLITERATE PDCompact and protected citiesTemples and Ziggurat became typesShort terms leaders
3000-2300 BC EARLY DYNASTIC PDKingship was establishedMonumental palaces
UP TO 1600 BC LATER SUMERIAN PDRise of empire with city state in competitionThird Dynasty of Ur and most important Ziggurat never built
1350-600 BC ASSYRIAN PDNorthern part of Mesopotamia flourished and became dominant in the regionAssyrians imposed a new urban culture in which their palaces were more important than temples
CITIES
The city of Ur in the Later Sumerian period
URBAN FABRIC
Street networkUrban blocks
Courtyard houses
HOUSING TYPES
HOUSING TYPES
Map of the city of Nippur in the 1500 BC
TEMPLES
TEMPLES
Approaching the PROTOLITERATE PD
Formation of an archetype for the temple building and the idea of the corner as a bastion
Temple of Eridu from 5000 BC to 3800 BC
TEMPLES
PROTOLITERATE PD
The idea of the Ziggurat as a sacred landmark
Platform as a sloped wallTypical temple planIrregular sequence of ramps and stairs
White Temple of Warka in its natural context, 3500 3000 BC
TEMPLES
EARLY DYNASTIC PD An urban templeAt Khafaje from 3000 to 2750 BC
The idea of the courtyard as the main worship space
TEMPLESEARLY DYNASTIC PD
An another urban temple
TEMPLES
LATER SUMERIAN PD
The Ziggurat is a monumental urban landmark
Social spaces and symbolical references of mountains where Sumerians deities lived
Ziggurat of Ur-Nammur
Tower of Babel, Bruegel the Elder, 16th century.
PALACES
1350-600 BC ASSYRIAN PD
The city of Khorsabad represented a new political and cultural condition in which the king built a city in the city, called citadel.Within this walled part of the city was built the palace. The ziggurat is now less important than the palace.
PALACES
Versus
ZIGGURATS.
UR VS KHORSABAD
PLANNED CITIESWITH ORTHOGONAL LAYOUTS:MOHENJO-DARO(Pakistan)Around 2500 BC
PLANNED CITIESWITH ORTHOGONAL LAYOUTS:
El Kahun (Lower Egypt)Around 19th century BC