Upload
aiza-mae-bernabe
View
1.676
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Report for Science Technology and Society(STS) hope you like it! The first 10 slides are motivation so its not really inportant.
Citation preview
April 13, 20231
Science Technology and Society
Aiza Mae Bernabe 4/BSE/A Physical Science Major
April 13, 20232
What is our partner in work?
April 13, 20233
What is our partner in work?
April 13, 20234
What is our partner in work?
April 13, 20235
They are like our signature…
April 13, 20236
How far can you go?
1+3=
20-9=4 x 6 =
45 ÷ 5 =√16 =
62 = 364
1124
94
April 13, 20237
April 13, 20238
April 13, 20239
April 13, 202310
It’s Use in education
In most countries, students use calculators for schoolwork.
There was some initial resistance to the idea out of fear that basic arithmetic skills would suffer.
There remains disagreement about the importance of the ability to perform calculations "in the head", with some curricula restricting calculator use until a certain level of proficiency has been obtained, while others concentrate more on teaching estimation techniques and problem-solving.
Research suggests that inadequate guidance in the use of calculating tools can restrict the kind of mathematical thinking that students engage in.
April 13, 202311
Where did calculator came from?
History
Of Calculator
April 13, 202312
The abacus also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool used primarily in parts of Asia for performing arithmetic processes.
the Sumerian, Ancient Egypt, Persians, Greek
April 13, 202313
Roman abacus
Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BC ”Suanpan”
April 13, 202314
n Japanese, the abacus is called soroban imported from China around 1600.
Native American“Inca quipu”
April 13, 202315
Abacus
The first calculator
Today it is still debated whether the Babylonians or the Chinese invented it.
Used before written numeral system invented.
Constructed from a wooden frame with beads sliding on wires.
Still used by some merchants, fishermen and clerks in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere.
April 13, 202316
c1600 - Napier's bones
An abacus created
by John Napier for
calculation.
Invented in 1614.
Used for multiplication and division.
"Napier's bones" invented by John Napier for multiplication, based on the ancient numerical scheme known as the Arabian lattice.
April 13, 202317
1622 - Slide rule.William Gunter developed a logarithmic rule for multiplication and division using dividers, which was the forerunner of the slide rule.Invented in 1622 by William Oughtred.Allows multiplication and division operations to be carried out significantly faster.People who sent the space shuttle Apollo to the moon used the slide rule fortheir calculations which was in 1961.
April 13, 202318
1623 Calculating Clock Invented in 1623 by
Wihelm Schickard.
Known as the first
mechanical calculator.
The calculator was
made from cogs and
gears which were
normally used for clocks.
It was the size of a typewriter.
It could add, subtract, multiply, and divide to up to six-digit numbers.
April 13, 202319
1642 - the Pascalineo Capable of addition,
subtraction was performed
by nines-complement
addition, and multiplication
was performed by repeated
additions and subtractions.
Invented by Blaise Pascal
Pascal invented it to reduce his father’s tax work load.
Used for taxes in France until 1799
April 13, 202320
1820 - Arithmometer
Inventor: Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar
The arithmometer was the first commercially successful calculating machine to complete all four basic operations — addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division — according to IBM.
Like Hahn, Thomas also based his calculator on the stepped
drum mechanism of Leibniz.
The machine featured a second
result display for subtraction and
division as well as a multiplication
gear.
April 13, 202321
W.T. Odhner in Sweden independently develops the pin-wheel calculator, the first of the long series of Odhner calculators. Since then, many calculating machines have used the same principle.
1874 - Odhner calculators
April 13, 202322
Dorr E. Felt invents
The Comptometer,
the first succesfull
key-driven adding and
calculating machine. In 1886 he joined with Robert Tarrant to form the Felt & Tarrant Manufacturing Company which went on to make thousands of Comptometers
1884 - Comptometer
April 13, 202323
1900-1975Madas 20BZS
Madas 20BZS, a typical electrically driven, stepped-gear calculator with automatic multiplication and division.
April 13, 202324
1948 - Curta
Curta miniature hand-held mechanical calculator introduced. One of the few major innovations in mechanical calculators in the mid 20th century.
April 13, 202325
1961 The first electronic desktop
calculators. They use vacuum tubes.
The world's first electronic desktop calculators were announced by the Bell Punch Co., Uxbridge, England - theAnita Mk VII for the continental European market and theAnita Mk 8 for other markets. These models used cold-cathode vacuum tubes and numerical display ("Nixie" type) tubes.
April 13, 202326
1963-1964
First commercial all-transistor desktop calculators: Friden EC130 & EC132,
Mathatron, IME 84,
Sharp CS10A.
Prices comparable to that of family cars.
April 13, 202327
1969 First battery powered, hand-
held, electronic calculator.
First calculator using just LSI (Large Scale Integration) chips - Sharp QT-8D, with ICs by Rockwell. Size & weight much reduced, calculator now portable.
First battery powered, hand-held calculator - Sharp QT-8B.
Green fluorescent tube displays introduced .
April 13, 202328
1970 Hand-held calculators take off.
First shirt pocket sized electronic calculator.
All very expensive.
Some of the first hand-held calculators:Canon Pocketronic,
Sanyo ICC-0081 ,
Sharp EL-8, but very expensive.
First use of "calculator on a chip" introduced by Mostek of Dallas - used in Busicom Junior(desk calculator) and allows the production of the first shirt pocket sized electronic calculator, the Busicom LE-120A.
First use of LED (Light Emitting Diode) displays used in Busicom LE-120A.
April 13, 202329
April 13, 202330
1971
First calculator to use a microprocessor.
First microprocessor - Intel 4004 - was designed for and used in Busicom 141-PF desk calculator
April 13, 202331
1972
Rapid development of electronic calculators, and reduction in price.
First scientific pocket calculator introduced - Hewlet-Packard HP35.
Ultra-thin Sinclair Executive launched.
Many new companies entering the calculator business and prices dropping rapidly.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Device) displays appear briefly in a version giving silver-reflective numbers, including:Lloyds Accumatic 100,
Rapidman 1208LC.
The Sharp EL-801 sees the first use of C-MOS (Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor) integrated circuits in a calculator.
April 13, 202332
April 13, 202333
1973
First Sharp "COS" (Crystal on Substrate) reflective LCD calculators, including EL-805S
April 13, 202334
1974
Texas Instruments awarded patent for "miniature electronic calculator", based on the "CalTech".
The Hewlett Packard HP65 is the first hand-held programmable calculator.
April 13, 202335
1978
First solar-powered and first credit card sized calculators.
The first solar powered calculators were introduced, the Royal Solar 1, Teal Photon, and Sharp EL-8028.
The Casio Mini Card LC-78 is the first credit card sized calculator.
April 13, 202336
1980
First hand-held computer
The Sharp PC1211 / Tandy TRS80 PC-1 is the first hand-held computer; it has a QWERTY keypad and runs the BASIC language.
April 13, 202337
1985: First Graphing
Calculator
Device Name: Casio fx-7000G
Inventor: Casio
A Brief History: The Casio
fx-7000G was developed with
422 bytes of memory and could
store up to ten programs in 10
program slots, according to the
Computing History website. It offered 82 scientific functions, and its display could toggle between 8 lines of 16 characters each or a 64x96 dot matrix graphical display.
Interesting Fact: Today’s graphing calculators like the TI-83 kept the fx-7000G’s display format.
April 13, 202338
2003: First Graphing Calculator with Touch Functionality
Photo Credit: Gumtree
Device Name: Sharp EL-9650
Inventor: Sharp
A Brief History: When most
people think of touch devices, they
think of using their fingers, but Sharp broke the mold by debuting the first stylus-based graphing calculator, according to Tech Powered Math. Sharp, unfortunately, didn’t find much success with the model.
Interesting Fact: The EL-9650 had a slideshow functionality that allowed teachers to walk through pre-programmed lessons and formulas on the calculator.
April 13, 202339
2010: First Color Graphing Calculator
Device Name: Casio PRIZM
Inventor: Casio
A Brief History: While the world
of mobile devices quickly moved to
full-color screens in the early 2000s,
it took a while for graphing calculators
to catch up. Casio’s PRIZM calculator,
with its advanced, 216x384 resolution,
full-color display, debuted in late 2010.
Texas Instruments soon followed with its own color calculator, the TI-NSpire Cx, in early 2011. Students could finally bid good-bye to the monochrome, low-pixel displays of years past.
Interesting Fact: The PRIZM allows students to create graphs over images, which helps them understand the real-world applications of the work they’re doing on their graphing calculators.
April 13, 202340
That ends my report
Thank You for
Listening!