Upload
anisa-asharie
View
934
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
the explanation about fiction
Citation preview
LITERARY GENRESLITERARY GENRESOVERVIEW OF OVERVIEW OF
FICTION FICTION
Presented By : St. Choironnisak Ashari
FICTION DEFINEDFICTION DEFINED
• FICTION < A LATIN WORD MEAN-ING TO
FORM OR TO MAKE.
FICTION DEFINED (cont.)
• A FICTION IS A “MADE” STORY, AN
IMAGINED & INVENTED LITERARY
COMPOSITION DESIGNED TO ENTER-TAIN
(AND SOMETIMES INSTRUCT), TO MAKE
READERS FEEL AND THINK.
FICTION DEFINED (cont.)
• TODAY THE TERM “FICTION” IS USUALLY
APPLIED ONLY TO SHORT STORIES, NOVELS,
& NOVELLAS, BUT OTHER LITERARY FORMS
ALSO HAVE FICTIONAL ELEMENTS.
ANTIQUITY OF STORIES
• STORIES ARE A VERY ANCIENT HUMAN PRODUCT,
PRECEDING THE INVENTION OF WRITING, AND
THERE IS NO IDENTI-FIABLE “FIRST” STORYTELLER
OR WORK OF FICTION.
EARLY FORMS OF FICTION
• THE MODERN NOVEL & SHORT STORY WERE
PRECEDED BY MANY EARLIER FORMS OF FICTION,
SUCH AS MYTHS, LEGENDS, FABLES, FAIRY
TALES, PAR-ABLES, AND ALLEGORIES.
MYTHSMYTHS
• TELL STORIES OF THE ORIGINS &
EXPLOITS OF GODS & GODDESSES FROM
VARIOUS ANCIENT CULTURES, SUCH AS
GREECE, ROME, & SCANDI-NAVIA.
In 1687 in Connecticut, Kit Tyler, feeling out of place in the Puritan household of her aunt, befriends an old woman considered a witch by the community and suddenly finds herself standing trial for witchcraft.
LEGENDS
• RECOUNT THE AMAZING ACHIEVE-MENTS OF
FICTIONAL CHARACTERS OR EXAGGERATE THE
EXPLOITS OF ACTUAL PEOPLE (E.G., PAUL BUNYAN).
While her father is in hiding after attempts on his life, twelve-year-old Cleopatra records in her diary how she fears for her own safety and hopes to survive to become Queen of Egypt some day
FABLES
• USUALLY FEATURE ANIMALS WITH HUMAN TRAITS
& STATE AN EXPLICIT LESSON (E.G., SLOW BUT
STEADY WINS THE RACE, APPEARANCES ARE
DECEP-TIVE, ONE GOOD TURN DESERVES
ANOTHER).
FABLES (cont.)
• THE BEST-KNOWN
FABLES WERE WRIT-
TEN BY A GREEK SLAVE
NAMED AESOP (600
B.C.E.), AND INCLUDE
STORIES SUCH AS
ANDROCLES & THE
LION, THE TORTOISE &
THE HARE, AND THE
WOLF IN SHEEP’S
CLOTHING.
FAIRY TALES
• THIS FICTIONAL FORM OFTEN FEATURES
SUPERNATURAL BEINGS LIKE GIANTS, TROLLS,
& FAIRY GOD-MOTHERS.
• THEY ALSO FOCUS ON THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN
GOOD & EVIL, WITH GOOD ALWAYS
TRIUMPHING, THOUGH SOMETIMES IN
GROTESQUE, VIOLENT WAYS.
FAIRY TALES (cont.)
• THE BEST-KNOWN
COLLECTION OF THESE
STORIES IS GRIMMS’
FAIRY TALES, WHICH
INCLUDES CINDERELLA,
LITTLE RED RIDING
HOOD, HANSEL &
GRETEL, RAPUNZEL,
AND OTHER WELL-
KNOWN FAVORITES.
ALLEGORIES
• SYMBOLIC STORIES THAT TEACH A MORAL
LESSON AND IN WHICH EACH CHARACTER,
ACTION, & SETTING STANDS FOR A SPECIFIC
MEANING.
ALLEGORIES (cont.)
• EX.: JOHN BUNYAN’S PILGRIM’S
PROGRESS (1678), IN WHICH A
CHARACTER NAMED CHRISTIAN,
WHO EMBODIES THE VIRTUES OF
CHRISTIANITY, JOURNEYS
THROUGH A WORLD OF
TEMPTATIONS & DANGERS (CITY
OF DESTRUCTION, VALLEY OF
HUMILIA-TION, ETC.) EN ROUTE TO
THE CELESTIAL CITY (HEAVEN).
CHARACTERThe people or animals that take part in the story.
MAIN CHARACTER: who the story is mainly about
MINOR CHARACTER: the less important characters in the story
PROTAGONIST
The HERO of the story who is faced with a conflict (usually the main character).
ANTAGONIST
• Usually the villain in the story (the person, animal, or creature who creates conflict for the main character).
SETTINGSETTING
• When and Where the action in the story takes place.
PLOTPLOT
• The plot is the outline of events that takes place in a story.
CONFLICTCONFLICT
A fight or difference in opinion.
1. INTERNAL CONFLICT
• Takes place within a character’s mind.
2. EXTERNAL CONFLICT
• The character struggles with an outside force.
ClimaxClimax
• Climax is the high point or most emotional part of the plot.
Resolution
Resolution is the conclusion of the story.
The reader finds out how the conflict has been resolved and what happens with the characters.
WHAT IS THEME?????
The THEME is the idea about life that is revealed in the story
POINT OF VIEW
The vantage point from which a story is told.
1st person
• the writer uses first-person pronouns (I or me) to tell the story.
3rd person
• narrator describes the events, but does not take part in them.
3rd person omniscient
• the narrator knows everything; encompassing.
Foreshadowing
• A writers way of hinting at what will come in the story.
• A reader can make predictions based on the information given.
Author’s Purpose
Authors have a purpose in mind when writing: entertain, debate, analyze, persuade, inform, etc.
They consider their audience when deciding on a subject, purpose for writing, and the tone and style in which to write.
Dialogue
• The words that characters speak aloud
Tone
Shows the writer’s attitude toward his or her subject (humorous, serious, impatient, sad, etc.)
Symbolism
• Something concrete—such as a person, place, or object—that signifies something more than just itself, something abstract, such as a concept or an idea.
REALISTIC FICTION
• A story that tells about characters and events that are similar to people and animals in real life.
SCIENCE FICTION
• A story that is set in the future and is based on scientific ideas.
HISTORICAL FICTION• A story that is set in the past
and portrays people, places, and
events that did or could have
happened.
FANTASYA story that is not realistic, sometimes the characters have magical or supernatural powers.