History Of PakistanBy

Mr Allah Dad Khan

BCRiwat people 1,900,000Soanian people 500,000Mehrgarh culture 7000–2500Indus Valley Civilization 3300–1300Vedic period 1750–500Kingdom of Gandhara 1500-500Achaemenid Empire 550–330Macedonian Empire 335–323Maurya Empire 322–252Seleucid Empire 312–63Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 252–125Indo-Scythian Kingdom 200 BC-102 ADIndo-Greek Kingdom 180 BC-10 AD

BC

Riwat

Riwat

Riwat (Rawat, Murree) is a Lower Paleolithic site in Punjab, northern Pakistan, providing evidence of Homo occupation that is the earliest outside Africa, dating to 1.9 million years ago. The site was discovered in 1983. The artifacts which consists of flakes and cores made of quartzite. Another site, called Riwat site 55 shows a later occupation dated around 45,000 years ago.

Soanian

Soanian

The Soanian is an archaeological culture of the Lower Paleolithic(ca. 500,000 to 125,000 BP) in Pakistan. Contemporary to the Acheulean, it is named after the Soan  in Pakistan. Soanian sites are found along the Sivalik region in present-day India, Nepal andPakistan

Mehrgarh

Mehrgarh

Mehrgarh (Balochi:Mehrgaŕh; Pashto:مهرګړ; Urdu: مرگڑھ;),� sometimes anglicized as Mehergarh or Mehrgar, is one of the most important Neolithic (7000 BCE to c. 2500 BCE) sites in archaeology. Located near the capital of the Kachi District in Pakistan, it lies on the Kachi Plain of Balochistan It is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming and herding in South Asia

Indus Valley Civilization

Indus Valley

The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilization(3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE, pre-Harappan cultures starting c.7500 BCE ) in northwest Indian subcontinent (including present day Pakistan

Vedic Period

Vedic Period

The Vedic period (or Vedic age) (c. 1500–500 BCE) was the period in Indian history during which the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, were composed.

During the early part of the Vedic period, the Indo-Aryans settled into northern India, bringing with them their specific religious traditions.

Gandhara

Gandhara

Gandh raā  (Pashto: ګندارا� UrduAvestan: Vaēk �گندھارا : r taə ə � SanskritPuruṣapura� Old Persian Para-upari-sena� Bactrian Paropamisadae[Hellenization: Paropamisus],� Greek Caspatyrus), is the ancient term for the city,� and old kingdom of Peshawar� which encompassed the Swatvalley, and the Potohar Plateau regions of Pakistan as well as theJalalabad district of modern-day, Afghanistan. During the Hellenistic period� its capital city, was Charsadda� but later the capital city, was shifted to Peshawar by, the Kushan emperor Kanishka the Great in about 127. It is mentioned in the Zend Avesta as Vaēk r taə ə � the sixth most beautiful place on earth  created by, Ahura Mazda. It was known inSanskrit as Puruṣapura� literally, meaning "city, of men

Achaemenid Empire

Macedonia (ancient kingdom)

Macedonia

Macedonia orMacedon (/ˈmæsɪˌdɒn/;Greek: Μακεδονία,Makedonía;Ancient: [ma͜akedoní.a͜a]) was an ancient kingdom on the northern periphery of Classical Greece  and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece It was ruled during most of its existence initially by the legendary founding dynasty of the Argeads, the intermittent Antipatrids and finally theAntigonids

Maurya Empire

Maurya

The Maurya Empire, also known as the Mauryan Empire, was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India, ruled by the Maurya dynastyfrom 322–185 BCE. Originating from the kingdom of Magadha in the Indo-Gangetic Plain(modern Bihar, easternUttar Pradesh) in the eastern side of the Indian subcontinent the empire had its capital city at Pataliputra(modern Patna).

Seleucid Empire

Seleucid

The Seleucid Empire(/sɪˈlʲuːsɪd/;Ancient Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Σελευκιδῶν,Basileía tōn Seleukidōn) was a Hellenistic state ruled by the Seleucid dynasty, which existed from 312 BC to 63 BC; it was founded by Seleucus I Nicator following the division of the Macedonian empire created by Alexander the Great

Greco-Bactrian Kingdom

Greco Bactrian

The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was – along with the Indo-Greek Kingdom – the easternmost part of the Hellenistic world, covering Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asia from 250 to 125 BC. It was centered around the north of present-day Afghanistan.

Indo-Scythians

Indo-Scythians

Indo-Scythians is a term used to refer to Scythians (Sakas), who migrated into parts of central and northernSouth Asia (Sogdiana,Bactria, Arachosia,Gandhara, Sindh,Kashmir, Punjab,Haryana, Rajasthan, UP and Bihar.), from the middle of the 2nd century BC to the 4th century AD.

Indo-Greek Kingdom

Indo Greek

The Indo-Greek Kingdom or Graeco-Indian Kingdom  was a Hellenistic  kingdom covering various parts of the northwest regions of the Indian subcontinent (modern Afghanistan, Pakistan and North Western India) during the last two centuries BC and was ruled by more than thirty kings, often in conflict with each other

Indo-Parthian Kingdom 21–130

Kushan Empire 30–375

Sasanian Empire 224–641

Indo-Sasanians 240–410

Gupta Empire 320–600

Rajput dynasties 7th–20th century

Hephthalite Empire 420–567

AD

Indo-Parthian Kingdom

Indo Parthian

Indo-Parthian rulers were a group of ancient kings from Central Asia, who ruled parts of present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and northwestern India , during or slightly before the 1st century AD. For most of their history, the leading Gondopharid kings held Taxila  (in the present Punjab  province of Pakistan as their residence, but during their last few years of existence the capital shifted between Kabul and Peshawar .

Kushan Empire

Kushan

The Kushan Empire(Bactrian: Κυϸανο,Kushano; Sanskrit:कुषाण राजवंश Kuṣāṇ Rājavaṃśa; BHS:Guṣāṇa-vaṃśa;Parthian:  �𐭔𐭕𐭓� -Kušan�𐭅𐭔𐭍�xšaθr) was a syncretic Empire formed by Yuezhi in the Greco-Bactrian territories of the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of Afghanistan, today's Peshawar,Pakistan,[ and then the northern parts of theIndian subcontinent at least as far as Saketa and Sarnath near Varanasi (Benares), where inscriptions have been found dating to the era of the Kushan emperor Kanishka the Great

Sasanian Empire

Sasanian

The Sasanian Empire(/səˈsɑːnɪən/ or/səˈseɪnɪən/), also known as Sassanian,Sasanid, Sassanid orNeo-Persian Empire),known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr

 in Middle Persian language,[a]was the last Iranian empire before the rise of Islam, ruled by and named after the Sasanian dynasty from 224 to 651

Indo-Sasanians

Indo-sasanians

The Indo-Sassanids,Kushano-Sassanids orKushanshas (also Indo-Sassanians) were a branch of the Sassanid Persians who established their rule in the northwestern Indian subcontinent during the third and fourth centuries at the expense of the declining Kushans. They were in turn displaced in 410 by the invasions of the Huna people. They were able to re-establish some authority after the Sassanids destroyed the Hephthalites  in 565, but their rule collapsed under Arab attacks in the mid 7th century.

Gupta Empire

Gupta

The Gupta Empire(Sanskrit: गुप्तसाम्राज्य,Gupta Sāmrājya) was an ancient Indian empire, founded by Maharaja Sri Gupta, which existed at its zenith from approximately 320 to 550 CE and covered much of the Indian Subcontinent.The peace and prosperity created under the leadership of the Guptas enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavours

List of Rajput dynasties and states

Chauhan

1.Chauhan dynasty of Ajmer  and Delhi: The Chauhans, ruled between 956 and 1301 AD, earlier over the eastern parts of the present day’s Rajasthan with their capital at Ajmer and later extended their territory up to parts of modern-day Punjab Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Gujrat and Madhya pradesh

List of Rajput dynasties and states

Kabul Shahi

Kabul Shahi dynasty of modern-day Afghanistan also known as Hindu Shahi(964–1026 AD): according to some historians, the later rulers of Kabul Shahi dynasty were of Hindu Janjua Rajput origin, although other claim them to be of Turkic origin with Hindu influence

List of Rajput dynasties and states

Sonigara

Sonigara or Songira is the name of a branch of the Chauhan clan ofAgnivanshi Rajputs. They had their seat of power at Jalore in the state of Rajasthan India. Sonigara Rajputs belong to the Agnivanshi Rajputs which claim to descend from Agni, the Vedic god of fire. Jalore, Pokhran, Bundi, Kotah and Sirohi were ruled by Sonigara Chouhan Rajputs. Kanhad Dev Sonigara is perhaps the most famous of the Sonigara rulers of Jalore. Ambliara Princely State is a Songara dynasty Rajput state in Gujarat establishing state in reign of Mughal Emperoe Aurangzeb in 1619 through Maharaj Krishnadasji Sonigara descended of Rani Popadevi of jalore now Ambliara in Sabarkantha Agency in Gujarat.

List of Rajput dynasties and states

Rana

The Rana dynasty(Nepali: राणा शासन Rāņā shāsana) was a Khas dynasty which claimedRajput ancestry

which ruled the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead and making Prime Ministerand other government positions hereditary.

List of Rajput dynasties and states

Sisodia Maharana Pratap Singh, a Sisodia rule

The Sisodia are a Rajput clan from India. They are ChattariRajputs of theSuryavanshi lineage, and ruled over the kingdom ofMewar  in Rajasthan. Prior toRana Hamir the clan was known as Gehlot or Guhilot. The name of the clan is also transliterated as Sesodia,Shishodia, Shishodya,Sisodya, Sisodhya orSisodiya.

List of Rajput dynasties and states

Hada

Hada are a branch of the Chauhan community. They claim descent from the mythological Agnikula dynasty. They live in Hadoti and once ruled the states of Bundi and Kota

List of Rajput dynasties and states

Patial

Patial is a suryavanshi Rajput clan of Chattari lineage inNorth India that claims solar origin by direct descent from Sri Rama Chandra of Raghav (Raghuvanshi) Rajput clan. Their traditional areas of residence are Rajputana, Trigarta Kingdom (the modernJalandhar District), i.e. the areas of residence are mainly in the Indian states of Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh

List of Rajput dynasties and states

Bhadauria

Bhadauria clan Bhadauria,Bhadoria,Bhadouria,Bhado

riya,Bhadouriya,Bhadauriya is a branch of the Chauhan clan of Agnivanshi rajputs. The chief of this clan was ruler of Bhadawar State(this state is in Bhind District of MP(town name is Ater) before 1947 AD. There is a big fort in ater near bhind built by the Bhadawar kings. In terms of population bhadourias are in MP, UP, Delhi and in Rajasthan. The Agnivanshi are people belonging to the Agnivansha. According to legend, they are descended from Agni, the Hindu God of Fire.

List of Rajput dynasties and states

Kachwaha

The Kachwaha are a caste group with origins in India. Traditionally they were peasants involved in agriculture but in the 20th century they began to make claims of being a Rajput clan. Some families within the caste did rule a number of kingdoms and princely states, such as Alwar, Amber (later called Jaipur) and Maihar

List of Rajput dynasties and states

Rathore

In the northern part of India, the Rathore (or Rathaur orRathor or Rathur or Rathodor Rathour) is a ruling Rajput clan,claiming descent from the mythical solar dynasty. Rathores ruled for thousands of years Rathore

List of Rajput dynasties and states

Mudhad

The ""Mudhad"" or ""Mandahar"" or Madadh are warrior tribe of Suryavanshi Rajputs, still can be found in karnal, panipat, jind, kurukshetra, gurgaon, kaithal, Haryana and Punjab. Some famous villages of Madadh Rajputs in Haryana are Rajound, Salwan, Ghauranda, Batta, Kalayat, Rahara, Singhana (Sarpdaman) MUANA etc. A few Mudhad are also found in Saharanpur District in Uttar Pradesh

Hephthalite Empire

Hephthalites

The Hephthalites,Ephthalites, Ye-tai,White Huns, or inSanskrit as the Sveta Huna, were a nomadic confederation in Central Asia who expanded their domain westward in the 5th century. At the height of its power in the first half of the 6th century, the Hephthalite Empire controlled territory in present-dayAfghanistan,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan, Tajikistan,Kyrgyzstan,Kazakhstan, Pakistan,India and China

Rai dynasty 489–632

Kabul Shahi dynasty 500–1100

Umayyad Caliphate 661–750

Pala Empire 770–850

Ghaznavids 963–1187

Mamluk dynasty 1206–1290

Khilji dynasty 1290–1320

Tughlaq dynasty 1320–1413

AD

Rai Dynasties

Rai

Rai (c. AD 489–632) was a Buddhist dynasty of Sindh, in modernPakistan The influence of the Rai Empire extended from Kashmir in the east,Makran and Debal port (modern Karachi) in the west, Surat port in Gujarat the south, and the Kandahar, Sistan, Suleyman, Ferdan and Kikanan hills in the north. This is consistent with the historical accounts from the times of Emperor Ashoka and Harsha because Indian monarchs never sponsored a state religion and usually patronized more than one faith.The Dynasty ruled for a period of 143 

Kabul Shahi

Kabal Shahi

The Kabul Shahi also calledShahiya[]dynasties ruled one of the Middle kingdoms of India which included portions of the Kabulistan and the old province of Gandhara (now in northern Pakistan), from the decline of the Kushan Empire  in the 3rd century to the early 9th century.[ The kingdom was known as Kabul Shahi (Kabul-shāhān orRatbél-shāhān in Persian   شاهان رتبیل یا between (کابلشاهان565 and 879 when they had Kapisa  and Kabul as their capitals, and later as Hindu Shahi

Umayyad Caliphate

Umayyad

The Umayyad Caliphate (Arabic: الخالفة trans . Al-Khilāfat al-ʾumawiyya) was ,األمويةthe second of the four major Islamic caliphatesestablished after the death of Muhammad (PUH) . This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty (Arabiic :األمويون, al-ʾUmawiyyūn, or  بنو ,("Banū ʾUmayya, "Sons of Umayya,أميةhailing from Mecca. TheUmayyad family had first come to power under the third caliph,Uthman ibn Affan  (r. 644–656), but the Umayyad regime was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan , long-time governor of Syria, after the end of the First Muslim Civil War in 661 CE/41 AH. Syria remained the Umayyads' main power base thereafter, and Damascus was their capital. The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Caucasus

Pala Empire

Pala

The Pala Empire was an empire duringclassical antiquity in theIndian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal(modern-day Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal). It is named after its ruling dynasty, whose rulers bore names ending with the suffix of Pala, which meant "protector" in the ancient language of Prakrit. They were followers of the Mahayana and Tantric schools of Buddhism. 

Ghaznavids

Ghaznavids

The Ghaznaviddynasty (Persian:غزنویان) was aPersianate Muslimdynasty of Turkicmamluk origin at their greatest extent ruling large parts of Iran, much of Transoxiana, and North India from 977–1186.The dynasty was founded by Sabuktigin, upon his succession to rule ofGhazna after the death of his father-in-law, Alp Tigin, who was a breakaway ex-general of the Samanid Empire from Balkh, north of the Hindu Kush in Greater Khorasan

Mamluk Dynasty (Delhi)

Mamluk

The Mamluk Dynasty(sometimes referred asSlave Dynasty orGhulam Dynasty) (Persian:  مملوک غالم  :Urdu) ,(سلطنت was directed intoNorthern (خاندانIndia by Qutb-ud-din Aybak, a Turkic general from Central Asia. It was the first of five unrelated dynasties to rule India's Delhi Sultanate from 1206 to 1290. Aybak's tenure as a Ghurid dynasty administrator ranged between 1192 to 1206, a period during which he led invasions into the Gangetic heartland of India and established control over some of the new areas

Khilji dynasty

Khilji

The Khilji dynasty(Persian:  سلسله (Hindi: सलतनत ख़ि�लजी;خلجیor Khalji was a Muslimdynasty of Turkic origin, which ruled large parts of South Asia between 1290 and 1320. It was founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji and became the second dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate of India. The dynasty is known for their faithlessness and ferocity,as well as their raids into Hindu south and defending the Sultanate against the repeated Mongol invasions of India

Tughlaq dynasty

Tughlaq

The Tughlaq dynasty(Persian:  تغلق ,(سلسلہalso referred to as Tughluq or Tughluk dynasty, was a Muslim dynasty of Turkic origin which ruled over the Delhi sultanate

in medieval India. Its reign started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq The dynasty ended in 1413.

Sayyid dynasty 1414–1451Lodi dynasty 1451–1526Mughal Empire 1526–1858Bombay Presidency 1618–1947Durrani Empire 1747–1823Misls 1733–1805Maratha Empire 1758–1760Sikh Empire 1799–1849British Indian Empire 1849–1947Dominion of Pakistan 1947–1956Islamic Republic 1956–present

Sayyid dynasty

Sayyids

The Sayyid dynastywas the fourth dynasty of the Delhi 1414 to 1451. They succeeded theTughlaq dynasty and ruled that sultanate until they were displaced by the Lodi dynasty

This family claimed to be Sayyids, or descendants of Hazarat Muhammad(PUH)

Lodi dynasty

Lodi

The Lodi dynasty(Lodhi) (Persian: لودی) was a Pashtun dynasty that ruledDelhi Sultanate from 1451 to 1526. It was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi

when he replaced the Sayyid dynasty.

Lodhi dynasty's reign ended under Ibrahim Lodi, who was attacked by Rana Sanga of Mewar  Lodhi's reign finally ended after he was defeated by Babur from Kabul , founder of the Mughal Empire

Mughal Empire

Mughal

The Mughal Empire(Urdu:  مغلیہ Mug̱ẖliyah Salṭanat) or,سلطنتMogul Empire,self-designated as Gurkani(Persian: گورکانیان,Gūrkāniyān, meaning "son-in-law"), was an empire established and ruled by a Persianate dynastyof ChagataiTurco-Mongol origin that extended over large parts of the Indian subcontinent and Afghanistan.

Bombay Presidency

Bombay

The Bombay Presidency, also known as the Bombay Province and Bombay and Sind from 1843 to 1936, was anadministrativesubdivisio(presidency)of British India. Headquartered in the city of Bombay, at its greatest extent, the presidency included theKonkan Nashik andPune divisions of present-day IndianState of Maharashtra Ahmadabad, Anand,Bharuch, Gandhinagar,Kheda, Panchmahland Surat districts of present-day Gujaratstate, Bagalkot Belagavi  Bijapur,Dharwad  Gadag Haveri and Uttara Kannada districts of present-day Karnataka, the Sindh province of present-day Pakistan and the Aden colony which presently forms part of Yemen.

Durrani Empire

Durrani

The Durrani Empire,Durrani Tulukamani,Durrani Wakmani,Durrani Emirate(Pashto:  د

واکمني also called theSadozai ,(درانیانوKingdom and the Last Afghan Empire,was founded in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durraniwith its capital at Kandahar in present-day Afghanistan The Durrani Empire at its maximum extent encompassed present-day Afghanistan, northeastern Iran, eastern Turkmenistan (including the Panjdehoasis), most of Pakistan, and northwestern India , including the Kashmir region. Durrani's Pashtun soldiers also instigated the Sikh holocaust of 1762 when they killed thousands of Sikhs in thePunjab.

Misl

Misl

Misl generally refers to the sovereign states of the Sikh Confederacy[  that rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region. The misls formed a commonwealth that was described by Antoine Polier as an "aristocratic republic". Although the misls were unequal in strength, and each misl attempted to expand its territory and resources at the expense of others, they acted in unison in relation to other states. The misls held biannual meetings of their legislature, theSarbat Khalsa in Amritsar

Maratha Empire

Maratha

The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was anIndian imperial power that existed from 1674 to 1818. At its peak, the empire covered much of the subcontinent, encompassing a territory of over 2.8 million kmThe Marathas are credited to a large extent for ending the Mughal rule in India.

Sikh Empire The Sikh Empire was a major power

in theIndian subcontinent, that arose under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh who established a secular empire basing it around the Punjab. The empire existed from 1799, when Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849 and was forged on the foundations of the Khalsa from a collection of autonomous Sikhmisls  At its peak in the 19th century, the Empire extended from the Khyber Pass in the west to western Tibet in the east, and from Mithankot in the south to Kashmir in the north. It was the last major region of the subcontinent to be conquered by the British.

British Raj

British Raj

The British Raj(rāj, meaning "rule" in Hindi) was the colonial rule of the British Empire in theIndian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. The term can also refer to the periodof dominion.The region under British control—commonly calledIndia—included areas directly administered by Britain as well as the princely state sruled by individual rulers under the paramountcy of the British Crown

Pakistan Pakistan, also known as

the Dominion of Pakistan (Bengali: পাকি�স্তানঅকি�রাজ্য,Pakistan ôdhirajyô;Urdu:  مملکِت Mumlikāt-ē Pākistān), was an,پاکستانindependent federal dominion in South Asia that was established in 1947 on the Partition of India into two sovereign countries (the other being the dominion of India). The dominion, which included much of modern-day Pakistan and Bangladesh, was conceived under the two-nation theory as a home for the Muslims of the former British India. 

Islamic Republic of Pakistan

Islamic Republic of Pakistan

officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu:  جمہوریۂ اسلامی ALA-LC: Islāmī پاكستانJumhūriyah-yi PākistānIPA: [ɪslɑːmː d͡ʒʊmɦuːriəɪh pɑːkɪstɑ̪ːn), is a sovereign country in South Asia. With a population exceeding 199 million people