Upload
prithish-steve
View
320
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Its For Kids Of ROWLANDS MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL
Citation preview
2. Hardware and Software
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 3. CPU and Main Memory 08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das Central Processing Unit Chip that executes program commands Intel Pentium 4 Sun ultraSPARC III Primary storage area for programs and data that are in active use Synonymous with RAM Main Memory 4. Secondary Memory Devices 08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das Information is moved between main memory and secondary memory as needed Central Processing Unit Secondary memory devices provide long-term storage Hard disks Floppy disks ZIP disks Writable CDs Writable DVDs Tapes Main Memory Floppy Disk Hard Disk 5. Input / Output Devices 08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das Central Processing Unit I/O devices facilitate user interaction Monitor screen Keyboard Mouse Joystick Bar code scanner Touch screen Main Memory Floppy Disk Hard Disk Monitor Keyboard 6. Software Categories
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 7. Analog vs. Digital
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 8. Analog vs. Digital
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 9. Digital Information
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 10. Representing Text Digitally
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das H i ,H e a t h e r . 721054432721019711610410111446 11. Binary Numbers
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 12. Binary Numbers
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 13. Bit Combinations 08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das Each additional bit doubles the number of possible combinations 1 bit 0 1 2 bits 00 01 10 11 3 bits 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 4 bits 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 14. Bit Combinations
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 2 1 =2 items 2 2 =4 items 2 3 =8 items 2 4 =16 items 2 5 =32 items 1 bit ? 2 bits ? 3 bits ? 4 bits ? 5 bits ? How many items can be represented by 15. Bit Combinations
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 1 0 1 5 2 2=4 0 1 + + = 5 1 1 1 7 2 2=4 2 1=2 1 + + = 7 16. Bit Combinations
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 17. Bit Combinations 08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 0 1 2 3 4 2 0=1 2 1=2 2 2=4 2 3=8 2 4=16 18. Bit Combinations 08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das What number is this?? NOT Showing SHOWING! 1 19. Bit Combinations 08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das What number is this?? NOT Showing SHOWING! 2 NOT Showing 20. A Computer Specification
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 21. Memory 08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das Remember this? Main memory is divided into many memory locations (orcells ) 9278 9279 9280 9281 9282 9283 9284 9285 9286 Each memory cell has a numericaddress , which uniquely identifies it 22. Storing Information 08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 9278 9279 9280 9281 9282 9283 9284 9285 9286 10011010 Large values are stored in consecutive memory locations Each memory cell stores a set number of bits (usually 8 bits, or onebyte ) 23. Storage Capacity
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das KB 2 10 =1024 MB 2 20 (over 1 million) GB 2 30 (over 1 billion) TB 2 40 (over 1 trillion) Unit Symbol Number of Bytes kilobyte megabyte gigabyte terabyte 24. Memory
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das Meaning Pronunciation 25. Memory
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 26. RAM vs. ROM
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 27. RAM vs. ROM
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 28. Compact Discs
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 29. Compact Discs
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 30. DVDs
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das DVD =D igitalV ersatileD isk Read MoreHERE Meaning and Pronunciation 31. DVDs
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 32. TheC entralP rocessingU nit (CPU)
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das fetch Retrieve an instruction from main memory decode Determine what the instruction is execute Carry out the instruction 33. The Central Processing Unit
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das Arithmetic / Logic Unit Registers Control Unit Small storage areas Performs calculations and makes decisions Coordinates processing steps 34. The Central Processing Unit
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 35. Monitor
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 36. Modem
08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 37. Questions? 08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das 38. 08/05/11 How Do Computers Work? Part IIIPrithwish Kumar Das