Human right rs mehta

Prof. Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS 1

Human Dignity and Human Right: Nursing Perspective

Prof. Dr. Ram Sharan MehtaHead, Medical-Surgical Nursing Department

College of Nursing

World Bioethics Day 19th October 2016


Human Rights DefinedHuman rights are generallydefined as those rights, which are inherent in our nature, and without which, we cannot live as human beings.

- United Nation


The Concept of human rights

• Human dignity

• Universality

• Inalienability

• Indivisibility


HUMAN RIGHTS

• Human rights are the rights a person has simply because he or she is a human being

• Human Rights are the basic entitlements to be met for individuals to live with dignity

• HUMAN RIGHTS is defined as the supreme, inherent, and inalienable rights to life, to dignity, and to self-development.


Inherent

Fundamental

Inalienable

Imprescriptible

Indivisible

Universal

Interdependent

Basic Characteristics of Human Rights

Economic Rights

Cultural RightsSocial Rights

Civil Rights Political Rights

Types of Human Rights

6Prof. Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS


Five categories of Human Rights

• Civil – the right to be treated as an equal to anyone else in society

• Political – the right to vote, to freedom of speech and to obtain information

• Economic – the right to participate in an economy that benefits all; and to desirable work

• Social – the right to education, health care, food, clothing, shelter and social security

• Cultural – the right to freedom of religion, and to speak the language, and to practice the culture of one’s choice


Nursing Status in Nepal • In NNC till 21st September 2016 : 66045

Nurses are registred.• In Nepal total: Colleges/Schools

- 1 = PhD- 5= M. Sc. Nursing- 41= B.Sc. Nursing- 33= BN- 4 = BSN- 104 = PCL- ANMs = 50

5500 to 6000 Nurses Produce per year


The International Council of Nurses (ICN):

• The International Council of Nurses (ICN) is a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations (NNAs), representing the more than 16 million nurses worldwide.

• Founded in 1899, ICN is the world’s first and widest reaching international organization for health professionals. (WHO-1948, ILO-1990, UNESCO-1945)

• Operated by nurses and leading nurses internationally, ICN works to ensure quality nursing care for all, sound health policies globally, the advancement of nursing knowledge, and the presence worldwide of a respected nursing profession and a competent and satisfied nursing workforce.


ICN CODE: World wide accepted The ICN Code has served as the standard for nurses worldwide since it was first adopted in 1953. The Code is regularly reviewed and revised in response to the realities of nursing and health care in a changing society. The Code makes it clear that inherent in nursing is respect for human rights, including the right to life, to dignity and to be treated with respect.


• Nurses have the rights to practice in accordance with the nursing legislation of the country in which they work and to adopt The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses or their own national ethical code. They also have a right to practice in an environment that provides personal safety, freedom from abuse and violence, threats or intimidation.'' (ICN, 2011)

• NAN was established in BS 2018 Magh 15 (1962 A.D ) became a member of International Council of Nurses (ICN) Geneva in 1969 A.D


Why are human right relevant to Nursing?• Advocating the highest standards of care and dignity for

needing nursing care is at the heart of its work.• Bringing attention to human rights abuse affecting

patients, nursing staffs, there by increasing practical action

• The code of Ethics of the ICN (2006) specially calls on national nursing association to develop position statements and guideless on human rights.

These must be grounded in international and national agreements and laws, as well as codes of nursing conduct and ethics.


Human rights and health:

• With the development of an international human rights framework after World War II , there was a strong focus on promoting civil and political rights. More recently, however, there has been stronger emphasis on a wider approach to human rights, particularly by non-governmental organizations, and a push to give equal weight to social and economic rights, including the right to health (Eide,2011).


The UDHR states that: ‘Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and wellbeing of himself and of his family, including medical care and necessary social services and the right to security in the event of ......sickness.''(UN, 1948, Article 25(1).

• American Nurses Association code of ethics states that nurses owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity and safely, to promote competence, and to continue personal and growth.


The code: Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives (NMC, 2008) are :

''The people in your care must be able to trust you with their health and wellbeing. To justify that trust, you must:

• Make the care of people your first concern, treating them as individuals and respecting their dignity.

• Work with others to protect and promote the health and wellbeing of those in your care, their families and careers, and the wider community.

• Provide a high standard of practice and care at all times.• Be open and honest, act with integrity and upload the reputation of your

profession.As a professional, you are personally accountable for actions and omissions in your practice, and must always be able to justify your decisions.You must always act lawfully, whether those laws relate to your professional practice or personal life.''


Dignity• Dignity is concerned with how people fell, think and

behave in relation to the worth or value to themselves and others.

• To treat someone with dignity is to treat them as being worth, in a way that is respectful of them as valued individuals.

• In care situations, dignity may be promoted or diminished by: the physical environment; organizational culture; the attitudes and behavior of the nursing team and others; and by the way in which care activities are carried out.


Dignity…• When dignity is present people fell in control,

valued, confident, comfortable and able to make decisions for themselves.

• When dignity is absent people fell devalued, lacking in control and comfort.

• The nursing team should, therefore, treat all people in all settings and of any health status with dignity; and dignified care should continue after death.


• Dignity Violations: has not been recognized or not spoken to, talked over or eye contact avoided, or being seen, but only as a member of a group and the individual character is denied, violations of personal space which may be culturally related.

• The right to dignity, equality and humanity is universal, and nurses are well placed to provide improvements that upload these rights.


Examples of Few Incidents for Human Right Violation in

Nursing field



Examples:

• Chatra VDC issues• BPKIHS: SN: Hepatitis-B Serum: NAN Role• Many more issues…


Area of Human rights and dignity: Where Nurse's can play a great Role

1. Privacy2. Patient's right to personal medical informational3. With holding life saving treatment.4. End of life considerations5. Right of refusal.6. Informed Consent7. Pain relief8. Refusing treatment due to religions belief: BT,FP9. Information about alternative treatments10. Refusing life -saving treatment on behalf of minor.11. Forced treatment of the mentally ill12. End of life:(removal of life support)


Indivisibility of Human Rights“All human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and interrelated. The international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same emphasis. While the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds must be borne in mind, it is the duty of States, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems, to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms.”

The Vienna Declaration and Program of Action (June 1993, Paragraph 5)


People and their rights

The State

Private sector

The media

International actors

Civil Society


Human Rights Instruments


Human Rights Instruments


Thanku…!!Thank you………

Education

Human right rs mehta