Immigration to the Immigration to the United StatesUnited States

Prior to 1880: Old Immigrants

1910 and later: New Immigrants

Often racism and hatred came between the two groups

Push and Pull FactorsPush and Pull Factors

Push FactorsPush Factors

Factors that force people to leave Factors that force people to leave their countries:their countries:• Irish Potato Irish Potato FamineFamine 1846 1846• European European crop failurescrop failures 1846-1847 1846-1847• Russian Jews leave in 1882 to avoid Russian Jews leave in 1882 to avoid

racismracism..• Mexicans fled Mexicans fled political unrestpolitical unrest

Pull FactorsPull Factors

Reasons why people were drawn to Reasons why people were drawn to America:America:• US Homestead Act of 1862 US Homestead Act of 1862 gave landgave land to to

farmersfarmers• Between 1880-1900 thousands of Between 1880-1900 thousands of

factory jobsfactory jobs opened opened• Religious, political, and other Religious, political, and other freedomsfreedoms

The Journey The Journey Across the Across the

AtlanticAtlantic

Could take 3 weeks or longer

Disease bred on ships

SteerageSteerage

Immigrants lived in the cargo areas Immigrants lived in the cargo areas under ships under ships

No money for good tickets!No money for good tickets!

Statue of LibertyStatue of Liberty

Gift from France to celebrate our Gift from France to celebrate our FreedomFreedom

““The New Colussus” poem by Emma The New Colussus” poem by Emma LazarusLazarus

Statue of Liberty PoemStatue of Liberty Poemby Emma Lazarusby Emma Lazarus

"Give me your tired, your poor,"Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to Your huddled masses yearning to

breathe free,breathe free,The wretched refuse of your The wretched refuse of your

teeming shore.teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, Send these, the homeless,

tempest-tost to me,tempest-tost to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden I lift my lamp beside the golden

door!"door!"

Arrival in AmericaArrival in America

Immigrants at Ellis IslandImmigrants at Ellis Island

Medical InspectionsMedical Inspections

Legal Legal InspectionsInspections

Railroad TicketsRailroad Tickets

Ethnic EnclavesEthnic Enclaves

Immigrant NeighborhoodsImmigrant Neighborhoods

2/32/3 of all immigrants of all immigrants went towent to citiescities Ethnic neighborhoodsEthnic neighborhoods helped people helped people

feel welcomefeel welcome Traditions were kept with ethnic Traditions were kept with ethnic

“enclaves”“enclaves”

AssimilationAssimilation

The process of becoming part of The process of becoming part of another cultureanother culture

ChildrenChildren assimilated assimilated fasterfaster than than adults - adults - schoolschool

Played Played American gamesAmerican games and and dressdressed ed like Americanslike Americans

Living ConditionsLiving Conditions

Room in a Room in a TenementTenement, 1910, 1910

ImmigrantsImmigrants

Andrew Carnegie

John D. Rockefeller

Alexander Graham Bell Leo Hendrik

Baekeland

Americans’ Treatment of ImmigrantsAmericans’ Treatment of Immigrants

American ResponsesAmerican Responses

Nativism: people who wanted to Nativism: people who wanted to preserve America for only native-preserve America for only native-born peopleborn people

Racism:Racism: • The The Chinese Exclusion ActChinese Exclusion Act limited limited

immigration based on raceimmigration based on race• New Immigrants (Southern and Eastern New Immigrants (Southern and Eastern

Europe) were discriminated against.Europe) were discriminated against.

Social GospelSocial Gospel

Help immigrants becauseHelp immigrants because it is what it is what religionreligion tells people to do. tells people to do.

Many people opened Many people opened Settlement Settlement Houses to help immigrantsHouses to help immigrants get on get on their feettheir feet• Ex: Ex: Jane Addams in ChicagoJane Addams in Chicago