IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL

RESEARCH INSTITUTES

Submitted by-Anindita Moitra

M.Sc BiotechnologyIIIrd sem

Introduction Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants,

fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.

Adapted of Latin word agricultura in which ager means “field”, and cultura means "cultivation" or "growing".

Increasing agricultural productivity remains a central concern of developing countries.

The goal of agricultural policies is to allow the incomes, nutrition and living conditions of family farmers.

Cont… Also to improve and provide positive benefits for all

inhabitants, both urban and rural. Agricultural research is one of the main factors

contributing to shifts in agricultural production systems and changes in the rural world.

Although for many years the primary objective of agriculture research has been increases in yields and, production. It has recently evolved to contribute also to increasing resilience, improving nutrition and women empowerment.

Later on, some of the agricultural institutes came into existence that helped in developing agriculture research in India.

Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur.• To arrest land degradation process and for scientific and sustainable management of the resources, Desert Afforestation Station was established in 1952 at Jodhpur. • This was later expanded into Desert Afforestation and Soil Conservation Station in 1957, and finally upgraded to Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) in 1959 under ICAR.

Central Island Agricultural Research Institute , Port Blair Realizing the importance of Island agriculture to

meet the requirements of local population and tourists, (ICAR) established Central Island AgriculturalResearch Institute, Port Blair on June 23rd, 1978.

The ultimate aim of CIARI is the developments ofisland agricultural production technologies whichutilizes the strengths of the island and convert theconstraints in opportunities.

Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar.• Central Avian Research Institute(CARI) was established on the 2nd November, 1979 at Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh under ICAR to provide all-round support to the growth of poultry sector.• Institute has been playing an important role by providing need based R&D support for diversified poultry production, processing and marketing.•

Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore. The Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI) is the

oldest premier research institute in the field of inland fisheries research.

Established initially as Central Inland Fisheries Research Station by the Govt. of India at Kolkata in 1947.

The Institute came under the administrative control of Indian Council of Agricultural Research in October 1967. 

The main objectives of the institute were to conduct investigations for a proper appraisal of inland fisheries resources of the country and to evolve suitable methods for their conservation and optimum utilization.

Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal.• Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering was established on Feb. 15, 1976 during the Fifth Five Year Plan to address research issues related to Agricultural Engineering.• the main objective is to undertake basic, applied and adaptive research leading to a development, improvement of equipment, technology,  process for crop production, irrigation and drainage, post-harvest technology and processing, and energy-use in agriculture and rural industries.

Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom  The Institute was established on 12th July, 1979 with the

vision to develop the poor men’s cow - the goat as a source of livelihood security, poverty alleviation and employment generation for the smallholders.

Main aim is to enhance and sustain goat productivity in respect of meat, milk and fibre through Research, Extension and HRD support.

Central Institute of Cotton Research, Nagpur.• It was established in 1976 with headquarters at Nagpur (Maharashtra) and two Regional Stations at Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) and Sirsa (Haryana). • The institute has a major mandate to conduct basic and strategic research for cotton improvement in the country.• The institute is known for its pioneering work on fundamental research on insect resistance to insecticides and Bt toxins.

Central Institute of Arid Horticulture, Bikaner. The ICAR-Central Institue for Arid Horticulture is involved in

research and development work of horticultural fruit and vegetable since 1993. 

Mandate to undertake basic and strategic studies for developing technologies to enhance productivity and utilization of arid horticultural crops..

To act as national gene bank of arid horticultural crops. To develop multistory horticulture based sustainable cropping

systems under arid environment.

Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubneshwar.• The present Institute has had its beginnings in the Pond Culture Division of Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute established at Cuttack, Orissa in 1949.• The Centre gradually developed into its full capacity and became an independent Institute during 1987 as Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA).• This institution mandate to conduct basic, strategic and applied research in freshwater aquaculture.• To enhance production efficiencies through incorporation of biotechnological tools.

Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin. The Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT) set up in

1954 is the only national center in the country where research in all disciplines relating to fishing and fish processing is undertaken. The institute started functioning at Cochin in 1957.

The institute functions with the following mandate to conduct basic, strategic and applied research in fishing and fish processing & develop designs for fuel efficient fishing vessels and fishing gear for responsible fishing.

Central Institute of Sub Tropical Horticulture, Lucknow.• The Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture (CISH) was started as Central Mango Research Station on September 4, 1972 under the aegis of the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore.• Renamed as Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture (CISH) on June 14, 1995.• The main objective is to management of genetic resources of mandated fruit crops and their conventional and molecular characterization• Crop improvement through breeding and genetic engineering

Central Institute of Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai.

• The Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (CIRCOT), a premier institute of its kind in the world was established in the year 1924 for conducting research on cotton processing.

• The quest of institute to maximize economic, environmental and societal benefits to farmers and all other stakeholders to bring prosperity and security

Central Institute on Post harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana.• The Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET) was established on 29 December 1989 at the PAU Campus, Ludhiana.• It mandate the research for solving problems and identifying technologies related to post-harvest loss assessment and prevention, processing, value addition and storage of agricultural, horticultural, livestock, and aquaculture produce targeted to achieve food safety and quality assurance.

Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar.• To gear up temperate horticultural production and

productivity, the research on temperate horticultural crops was given an independent status in 1991, after its establishment at Mukteshwar, Kumaon, Distt. Nainital (Uttarakhand).

• Its major objective is to develop eco-friendly disease/pest management techniques including mitigation of post harvest spoilage & To augment the existing germplasm with superior genotypes

Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasargod.• Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) was established in 1970 as one of the agricultural research institutes.• The Institute had the mandate to undertake research on coconut, arecanut, cocoa, cashew, oil palm and spices at the time of establishment. • The present mandate of the institute is to conduct research on coconut, arecanut and cocoa.

Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi.• The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute was

established by Government of India on February 3rd 1947 under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare and later it joined the ICAR family in 1967.

• The Institute's multidisciplinary approach to research in marine capture and culture fisheries has won it recognition as a premier institute comparable to any well-established marine laboratory in the world.

Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore• Jute Agricultural Research Laboratory (JARL) under Central Jute Commission was established in 1938 at Dhaka. After partition of the country, Jute Agricultural Research Laboratory shifted to Chinsura in West Bengal and then at the present location of Nilganj, Barrackpore in year of 1953 as Jute Agricultural Research Institute (JARI).• It mandate in Improvement of jute and allied fibre crops for biotic and abiotic stresses.• Development of proper post-harvest technology for improving the quality of fibreTransfer of technology and human resource development in relation to jute and allied fibre crops.

Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla.• Potato research in India formally began on 1stApril, 1935 with the

opening of three breeding and seed production stations at Shimla, Kufri and Bhowali and the headquarter was established at Shimla, Himachal Pradesh in 1956.

• The mandate of CPRI to undertake basic and strategic research for developing technologies to enhance productivity and utilisation of potato.

• To produce disease-free basic seed of different notified varieties developed by the institute.

• To act as national repository of scientific information relevant to potato.

Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack• The the Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI) was established in 1947. The objectives are to conduct basic, applied and adaptive research on crop improvement and resource management .• Collection, evaluation, conservation and exchange of rice germplasm and distribution of improved plant materials to different national and regional research centres.• Maintain database on rice ecology, ecosystems, farming situations and comprehensive rice statistics for the country as a whole in relation to their potential productivity and profitability.

Central Research Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad.

• Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA) is a National Research Institute under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) established in 1985.

• The mandate of the Institute includes to act as a repository of information on rainfed agriculture in the country.

• To act as a centre for training in research methodologies in the fields basic to management of rainfed-farming systems.

Central Soil and Water Conservation Research & Training Institute, Dehradun.• The ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (ICAR-IISWC), (Formerly CSWCRTI) was established on 1st April,1974 with Headquarters at Dehradun,.• The mandate of the institute is to undertake research and develop strategies for controlling land degradation under all primary production systems and rehabilitation of degraded lands in different agro-ecological zones of the country.•Act as a repository of information on the status of soil degradation/soil and water conservation.

Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan.• The Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute was established in 1962 at

Malpura, presently known as Avikanagar, in Rajasthan• The objectives are to undertake basic and applied research on all aspects of

sheep and rabbit production.• To develop, update and standardize meat, fibre and pelt technologies.• To impart trainings on sheep and rabbit production and utilization.• To transfer improved technologies on sheep and rabbit production to

farmers, rural artisans and development workers.

Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry.• The Indian Central Tobacco Committee (ICTC) established Central Tobacco Research Institute (CTRI) in Rajahmundry (Andhra Pradesh) in 1947.• The institute to conduct research on different types of tobacco, with greater emphasis on exportable types with a view of attaining economic advantage / benefit to the tobacco growers through improvement in quality and quantity of tobacco. • To collect tobacco germplasm from world over and to maintain and operate tobacco genetic resources which will be made available to scientists and National / International Institutions.• To produce and distribute quality seeds of notified varieties of tobacco.

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal.• Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI) had its origin

in Hisar, Haryana, on 1 March 1969.• By October, 1969, the Institute was shifted to its present premises in

Karnal.•  The Institute is mandate to conduct of basic and advanced research

on reclamation and management of salt affected soils and development of suitable agrochemical, biological and hydraulic technologies and Generation, assessment and propagation of preventive/ameliorative technology.

ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna.• The institute came into existence on 22nd February, 2001 with its headquarter at Patna and its regional stations at Darbhanga, Bihar and Ranchi, Jharkhand.• This institute was established with a mandate to address diverse issues relating to agricultural production in eastern states of India.• This institute mandate to undertake strategic and adaptive research for efficient integrated management of natural resources to enhance productivity of agricultural production system comprising of field, agriculture and horticultural crops, aquatic crops, agro-forestry, livestock, avian and fisheries in different agro-ecological zones of the eastern region.

Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Trivandrum.• The Central Tuber Crop s Research Institute (CTCRI) established in 1963 with

its Headquarters at Trivandrum.• The Institute has a broad mandate of generating research information

on tropical tuber crops that help to enhance productivity and improve the utilization potential.

• To undertake basic, strategic and applied research for generating technologies to enhance productivity and utilization potential of tuber crops (other than potato).

• To act as a national repository of scientific information on tuber crops• To coordinate network research with State Agricultural Universities

and ICAR Institutes for generating location specific technologies

ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Ela, Old Goa.• ICAR Research Complex for Goa was established in April, 1976 as a regional centre under ICAR Research Complex for Northeast Hill region, Shillong, Meghalaya.• Mandate of the Institute is to undertake basic, strategic and applied research on field and horticultural crops, livestock, and fisheries relevant to natural resources base of coastal India for sustainable increase in productivity.• To develop appropriate and climate resilient land use and farming systems for improved and sustainable livelihood.• To develop technologies for conservation and utilization of biological diversity in coastal region of India.

ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani.• The ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region (ICAR RC

NEH) was established on 9th January, 1975 under the aegis of the ICAI.

• The mandate of the institute is to improve and develop sustainable farming systems for different agro-climatic and socio- economic conditions of the region.

• To improve crops, livestock, fishery and to impart training for development of local competence for management of resources to enhance agricultural productivity and to maintain, analyse and project data base resources for perspective planning.

• To collaborate with the state departments of the region for testing and promotion of improved farming technologies.

Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi.• The Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, established in 1962, has been instrumental in fostering research, training and extension programmes on all aspects of forage production and utilization through inter-disciplinary approach. • The mandate is to collect, evaluate, document and conservation of forage genetic resources. •  Basic and strategic research on improvement, production and utilization of fodder crops and grasslands. • Coordinating and collating research on forages and grasslands.

Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi.• In 1930 the, then, Imperial Council of Agricultural Research,

started a statistical unit to assist the State Departments of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in planning their experiments.

• The institute specializes in statistical techniques for animal and plant breeding.

• The mandate is to undertake basic, applied adaptive, strategic and anticipatory research in Agricultural Statistics and related fields and use these researches in meeting challenges and improving quality of agricultural research.

Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru.• The physical growth of the Institute could be viewed in two phases. The first phase is from 1970 to 1990, wherein emphases were laid on land development and buildings. And the second phase of the physical growth was after 1990 during which emphases was laid on creating ultra modern world class infrastructure facilities.• The mandate to undertake basic and applied research for developing strategies to enhance productivity and utilization of tropical and sub-tropical  horticulture crop and• To serve as a repository of scientific information relevant to horticulture.

Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi.• On the recommendation of Veerappa Moily Committee, (ICAR), took the

initiative to set up Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IIAB).• This institute, slated to be a demand university interfacing plant, animal,

fish and microbial biotechnology under a single umbrella.• Mandate of this institute is to create platform for interaction and

networking of national and international institutions for the application of Biotechnology in agriculture Forge partnerships with different stakeholders for the development and delivery of products and processes of Agricultural Biotechnology.

Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur.• The Institute has its origin from the All India Coordinated Pulses Improvement Project (AICPIP) which was established at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi in 1966.•  In 1984 and became an independent entity under the umbrella of ICAR. In 1993, it was restructured as the Indian Institute of Pulses Research. • It mandate to act as national centre for basic and applied research on pulse crops and • To monitor, guide and coordinate research on pulses in the country

Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi.

•  The foundation stone of Indian Lac Research Institute (ILRI) was laid at Ranchi on September 20,1924.

• The institute mandate has been expanded in the year 2007 to look after important issues related to all natural resins & gums of Indian origin.

• Accordingly ILRI has been renamed as Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums (IINRG). The Institute is known by this name since Sept.20, 2007.

Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow.• The Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR), Lucknow was established in 1952 by the erstwhile Indian Central Sugarcane Committee for conducting researches on fundamental and applied aspects of sugarcane culture as well as to co-ordinate the research work done on this crop in different States of the country.• The Government of India took over the Institute from the Indian Central Sugarcane Committee on 1st January, 1954. On April 1, 1969, it was transferred to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi alongwith other central agricultural research institutes.

Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut.• Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR) was established during

1995. • It mandate to extend services and technologies to conserve

genetic resources of spices as well as soil, water and air of spices agro ecosystems.

• To develop high yielding and high quality spice varieties and sustainable production and protection systems using traditional and non-traditional techniques and novel biotechnological approaches.

National Biotic Stress Management Institute, Raipur.• The foundation stone of the institute has laid on 7th October, 2012 as the 99th research institute under ICAR.• Its objective is to provide scholastic leadership in contemporary areas and offer post-graduate degree in identified areas• To develop suitable networked research projects on pernicious pestilence issues.• & to evelop relevant policy support research for biotic stress management.

Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi• Vegetable research was given impetus through establishment of AICRP on

vegetable crops during 1971 at IARI, New Delhi.•  During the year 1999 the establishment of an independent research

institute on vegetables named as Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR)

• It mandate To develop high yielding, good quality, disease and pest resistant varieties/hybrids of selected vegetable crops.

• To develop advanced production and protection technologies for selected vegetable varieties/hybrids.

• To undertake germplasm collection, maintenance and documentation in vegetable crops.

Indian Institute of Maize Research,New Delhi.• The IIMR is the only institute of the country exclusively mandated for maize research and is entrusted with the overall responsibility of research, coordination and management of the multidisciplinary programmes on maize improvement at national level .• It mandate to out basic, strategic and applied research aimed at enhancement of production and productivity of maize in the country.• To carry conduct and coordinate multidisciplinary and multi-location research to identify appropriate technologies for varied agro-climatic conditions in different parts of India.

National Institue of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Maharashtra.

• NIASM, an unique institute of ICAR was established in 2009 at Malegaon.

• The institute aims at exploring the avenues for management of abiotic stresses affecting the very sustainability of national food production systems.

• It specifically addresses the aberration induced stresses due to atmospheric, water and edaphic factors, which are estimated to cause 50 % losses in crop productivity.

Indian Institute of Soil Sciences, Bhopal• The Indian institute of Soil Science (ICAR-IISS) was established on 16th April, 1988 at Bhopal.• it has a mandate of “Enhancing Soil Productivity with Minimum Environmental Degradation”. • its objective is to carry out basic and strategic research on soils especially physical, chemical and biological processes related to management of nutrients, water and energy and •To develop advanced technology for sustainable systems of input management in soils those are most efficient and least environmental polluting.

Central Agroforestry Research Institute , Jhansi.• The National Research Centre for Agroforestry (NRCAF), as unit of

ICAR was established in 1988.• Now it is renamed as Central Agroforestry Research Institute

(CAFRI). • It mandate to under take basic and applied research for developing

and delivering technologies based on sustainable agroforestry prctices on farms.

• Also to develop technological packages of diffrent agroforestry practices for various agroclimatological zones for transfer to farm field and wastelands.

Central Institute Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai

• Government of India established the Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA) on  1-4-1987.

• The Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture serves as the nodal agency for the development of brackishwater aquaculture in the country.

Agricultural research needs also to take into consideration new challenges, apart from production increase.

To overcome the considerable challenges to come in regard to food security, nutrition, and increasing incomes and living conditions of small farmers while limiting the negative impacts on the environment, sustainable agricultural intensification is needed.

This sustainable intensification relies on a combination of modern techniques and the optimization of agro-ecological processes.

It must adopt a more inclusive and participatory approach by developing close collaboration with farmers regarding both planning and implementation.

Cont…

It must adopt a more inclusive and participatory approach by developing close collaboration with farmers regarding both planning and implementation.

THANK YOU