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INCLUSIVE DESIGN THAT AH-HA MOMENT!
Jutta Treviranus Jess Mitchell
OCAD University, Toronto
How many of you consider yourselves designers?
WHAT IS INCLUSIVE DESIGN
Inclusive Design is design that considers the full range of human diversity with respect to ability, language, culture, gender, age and other forms of human difference.
Stacked, colourful cups https://www.flickr.com/photos/doug88888/2987668742/in/photolist-5y1zQ3-9iioxp-4hGtdR-e86mXv-7S3xLA-oGJ71U-2GKVgd-cqo7RQ-LgBMB-LB3EG-5SZRyN-LBbgF-9GAD7c-6tYNTm-4Ev2tX-4QjDbk-8Vd1QL-gnpzqR-6ZKrmp-rsfoP-teU2X-9q5WPk-9q8YjY-7BF8ob-LBbgP-7EQk6t-dx7TCA-e8bXp5
3 P R I N C I P L E S O F I N C L U S I V E D E S I G N
1. recognize diversity and uniqueness
2. use an inclusive process and tools 3. have a broader beneficial impact
3 principles1. recognize diversity and uniqueness — Empower individuals to express personal needs and preferences2. use an inclusive process and tools — get experts to make the best solutions — if you’re designing learning materials for 6 year olds who are the experts? use tools to
create that do not create barriers to co-create3. have a broader beneficial impact — Individuals become their own decision-makers and designers of their own experiences breaking down barriers of exclusion and
discrimination
3 P R I N C I P L E S O F I N C L U S I V E D E S I G N1. recognize diversity and uniqueness
• Let individuals be unique 2. use an inclusive process and tools
• Nothing about us without us 3. have a broader beneficial impact
• look at the big picture
3 principles1. recognize diversity and uniqueness — Empower individuals to express personal needs and preferences2. use an inclusive process and tools — get experts to make the best solutions — if you’re designing learning materials for 6 year olds who are the experts? use tools to
create that do not create barriers to co-create3. have a broader beneficial impact — Individuals become their own decision-makers and designers of their own experiences breaking down barriers of exclusion and
discrimination: caution on this one — being invited to the table isn’t enough if you’ve never been there before and have no idea how to participate.
1. mismatch as design solvable 2. one-size-fits-one 3. design decisions — as exclusion
3 things I want to focus on
DISABIL ITY
Inclusion then is about human difference — one way we describe people who are different is to talk about their difference as a disability. We sometimes hear disability describes as a medical condition — someone is afflicted, they can’t do something — they lack an ability.
Stethoscope http://cbsnews1.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2014/01/24/d6bd0d38-cb4a-4411-bd1d-7a5dcc4e319d/thumbnail/620x350/fa75501812b1d1d699dd40da9648001a/stethoscope.jpg
DISABIL ITY
And it is often associated with the medical model of 4 main categories of disabilities: mobility impaired cognitively impaired hearing impaired seeing impaired
But at the IDRC we completely redefine disability. It isn’t a medical condition to us…>>> Four categories of disability:https://www.worknetncc.com/Uploads/Disability_symbols_16.png
MISMATCH
Disability is a mismatch between the needs of the individual, their goals, and the learning experience offered
Disability is not a personal trait and because it’s so context dependent, it is a relative condition not permanent. Accessibility = the ability of the learning system to match the needs of the individual
>>>>> Square peg, round hole: http://wp.production.patheos.com/blogs/adrianwarnock/files/2015/08/3546059144_1b33dfdc0e_o.jpg
DISABIL ITY IS M ISMATCH
M I S M AT C H I S S O LVA B L E
D E S I G N C A N S O LV E M I S M AT C H
ALL EXPERIENCE MISMATCH
When I’m in the car and I get lost, my navigation system won’t let me easily search (even using voice commands). When I have a passenger in the car with a smartphone we can fire up Google Maps and use it for navigation.
Making content available to those with cognitive disabilities often means simplifying the content — you know who else benefits from that? What about the executive 2-pager? In some cases it’s become a 1-pager — they’re busy, they don’t have time or energy to focus. They are cognitively impaired at that moment.
I was sitting in a lecture and I got a video from a friend — I wanted to watch it right away (i assure you it was relevant to the lecture) but it had no captions and I had the volume off. Putting earbuds or headphone on would have been too disrespectful so i couldn’t watch it.
I wanted to work on this slide deck in the park yesterday — it was so beautiful out — but the sun was shining directly onto my screen making it impossible for me to read my monitor. I can change the brightness and contrast though — this simple solution also helps the sight impaired user who has partial sight but needs slight modifications.
Context Ability within the context Needs
1. mismatch as design solvable 2. one-size-fits-one 3. design decisions — as exclusion
3 things I want to focus on
THE PROBLEM WITH ONE-S IZE-F ITS-ALL
• treats people with different abilities as a homogeneous group
• ignore the multiplicity of needs and preferences
• marginalizes with one-off solutions for particular populations
THE MAGIC AT THE MARGINS
• the edge case and the edge scenario • innovation • benefits the majority
• supports the spectrum • resiliency
Instead of fearing the edges or trying to forget them we should be focusing on them.
E D G E C A S E S“We have clients come to us and say, “Here’s our average customer:”, for instance, “She’s female, she’s 34 years old, she has 2.3 kids…” And we listen politely and say: “Well, that’s great but we don’t care about that person”. What we really need to do to design, is look at the extremes, the weakest, or the person with arthritis, or the athlete, or the strongest or the fastest person. Because if we understand what the extremes are, the middle will take care of itself”.– Dan Formosa, Smart Design, “Objectified”
http://sugoru.com/2013/07/14/designing-for-the-extremes/
They aren’t describing a person. It’s so abstracted and so removed from what a person does, it’s not that functionally useful. In other words, it’s useless.
How about instead this is Angela, she’s 74 years old and was a school teacher for 40 years. She taught English literature to high school students (Salinger, Shakespeare, Byron). She loves to read and to garden. Her favourite flower is the lily. Though being on her knees in the garden is painful, Angela spends as much time there as she can. After a long day in the garden she hunkers down with a hot tea and a good book and spends her evening flitting about through Literature masters. On Saturdays Angela’s two granddaughters come over to have a tea party and play in the garden. Angela has a goldfish named Sal.
For a great read about how the average isn’t a real person and why we’ve historically come to defer to it so thoroughly, I recommend reading Todd Rose’s book, The End of Average that just came out in February this year. It’s a perspective changer itself.
• Pace, Path, Content, Delivery Method• text, visual, sonification, video…• individual, group, didactic, participatory
• Motivation – external, internal, positive, negative• Social support – peer, instructor, other• Degree of structure • Learning Outcome?
What is personalization in inclusive spaces?It is all of these things — and this is a lot. We have a lot of opportunities to let the individual decide.
ONE S IZE F ITS ONE
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Stafford_livingroom.jpg
ONE-S IZE-F ITS-ONE
16
Personalize
-‐ USER INTERFACES, CONTENT, AND DEVICES! Adapt to me – not me adapting to you!!
Wherever possible take a one-‐size-‐fits-‐one approach — LET THE USER DECIDE
when you can offer flexibility and customizability or personalization do it! examples: car dashboard — with digital i can change units same phone, different ways to organize the screen sit down at someone else’s computer and everything is different: the mouse scrolls the other way, the dock is somewhere else, the hot corners keep making your screen fly away.
WHY PERSONAL IZE?
http:/insideupmc.blogspot.ca
http://dc.about.com/od
http://www.thejournal.ie
http://inhabitat.com/
http://www-‐03.ibm.com
WHO is using WHAT and WHERE E-‐Z access keypad
An increasingly digital world.
Eliminate barriers to access to
the web
museum kiosks, ticket machines, ATMs public computer terminals (e.g. library, school)
Users and settings are unique
ONE-S IZE-F ITS-ONE
• Flexible • Accessible • Meet people where they are
FLEXIBLE (levels of complexity) – ecosystem of tools? One adaptable tool? Give user ability to choose from multiple ways to interact. E.g. keyboard vs mouse interaction, iphone provides multiple ways to take a photo ACCESSIBLE – avoiding assumptions about comfort with tech, ability, environment MEET USERS WHERE THEY ARE ((comfort level, environment, context)
1. mismatch as design solvable 2. one-size-fits-one 3. design decisions — as exclusion
3 things I want to focus on
BRILL IANT DECIS ION?
• Mode • Context • Affordances
https://static.pexels.com/photos/1315/stairs-fog-path-entrance.jpg
D E S I G N I D E A S : B R I L L I A N T O R E X C L U S I O N A RY ?
• With this brilliant design idea who just got excluded?
• Is there a way I can bridge the gap I just created? A way I can solve for the mismatch or avoid it?
One way we do this in the digital world is to make it multi-modal - text - audio - video - image
avoid hard to read fonts or font sizescreate an appropriate level of contrast
simulations and visualization provide interesting challenges make targets easy to hitcan you use it with the keyboard?be wary of time-based operationskeep content structured — semantic content
SCRAPED KNEES, FA ILURES, AND MISTAKES
•Make mistakes early and fix them
•Learn from our mistakes •Get feedback
Get to know what works for you by trying things — in a safe way and safe place. You won’t shut out the lights in Cincinnati. It gives us a chance to try things without committing too much or potentially losing too much.
And we learn just how important and helpful failure can be! We all strive for perfection, for solutions.
First thing you do if someone presents a problem to you —> you try to solve it. Slow down and WAIT. And explore. This is where Innovation happens!
1. Silly Putty — meant to be a synthetic rubber for WWII — there was a rubber shortage because of the war2. Text Messages — cell phone carriers letting customers know about problems with their network3. Microplanes were for wood or metal — I use them on orange rinds or horseradish when I cook!
Scraped Knees: https://www.flickr.com/photos/theloushe/4630743266/in/photolist-84cLD9-6aJifh-2kUyK-fjxqAu-yA7Bw-hjQKc3-kpzP6x-gKfCM-yA7Br-499dY-4i8wVP-88F5zy-aoQPQc-nKQJQi-f5bAkX-8d7G1D-crYbzb-dSMYUY-hPjrmR-p3SToX-8eeJKQ-p3T4aa-4stR9T-Mnt19-7JnWR-nUuCpS-9JPb8w-awBeAc-rBUPem-7KLPot-8ewzdm-9hkGYk-8qVgNs-2qDqNC-bJLYGg-oLEes2-fhLbKE-GgexGw-oLEfYP-d6pSe-e6Zmjg-9EFqFx-6bKiWZ-e7vMAH-dT5y9B-nmgVY-f4STJ6-cfPSHs-p27npC-aJk6wD
LEARNING EVERMORE•Think broadly •Relaxed attention
•Rethinking •Questioning assumptions
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Men_fly_fishing.jpg
CO-DESIGN
Avoid design decisions as exclusion by co-‐design
What co-‐design is not: Us versus them – observing people Expecting others to do the “work” of design
What co-‐design is: Collaborative Iterative Diverse and Broad
Blue Men: https://www.flickr.com/photos/yuan2003/1796355617/in/photolist-‐3JJMWz-‐8PLu2a-‐81kpst-‐8U38eb-‐8PpkQt-‐8PtBvS-‐8X6U3j-‐8X6U35-‐4S4YJg-‐8foVgY-‐5gSnxx-‐78JmqH-‐93jnYo-‐dWk7hb-‐9ad9Pe-‐7FH6bY-‐91WSP7-‐6Lx8wA-‐vGtnn-‐exXuEK-‐9SA9Rx-‐aPWeJ-‐77vKw8-‐dgGDrZ-‐3Kx1Vx-‐oVoPYB-‐5ft8e9-‐c4zefQ-‐91WZKG-‐hoJ6Lj-‐4yin56-‐bBLYiv-‐hoJ7BN-‐8n3Cg8-‐dnkdMw-‐7ecxTj-‐72vDN7-‐FBf6Q-‐5g7BnW-‐75uieg-‐4a4Ad2-‐67pKFt-‐5DQz53-‐9dyrJ6-‐ac5iB6-‐
GOALTo co-design inclusive education for diversity— learning that enable a MATCH
• Meet people where they are
• Allow people to be unique; make learning materials and spaces adapt to those uniquenesses
Design tools that
What is accessibility?
In Universal Design there’s the curb cut — does everyone know what a curb cut is?
What is accessibility?
29
We have examples in the digital world too:3 uses:1. in a bar2. in a gym3. in bed with a sleeping spouse
ONE-SIZE-FITS-ONE
30https://www.mavenlink.com/images/blog/mobile_home_screen/04-iphone.png | http://www.flickr.com/photos/scobleizer/4779911251/
-‐ can’t take a one-‐size-‐fits-‐all approach (traditionally “universal” design)
when you can offer flexibility and customizability or personalization do it! examples: car dashboard same phone, different organization screen sit down at someone else’s computer and everything is different: the mouse scrolls the other way, the dock is somewhere else, the hot corners keep making your screen fly away.
HOW CAN I DO TH IS?• think about the edge cases early and solve
for them — MISMATCH • can you let the user decide — ONE-SIZE-
FITS-ONE • think about design decisions as excluding
rather than solving — BRILLIANT? EXCLUSIONARY?
THANK YOUEmail: [email protected] [email protected] Twitter: @juttatrevira @jesshmitchell
