DemographySocietyof India

Ass. ProfessorIrina Petrosyan

MSUFFLAS2013

Demographics: introduction

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/7-billionhttp://www.economist.com/blogs/multimedia/

2010/11/world_population

• lakh = 100,000 • crore = 10m

Population growth

Historical population of India

Census Pop. %±

1951 361,088,000 —

1961 439,235,000 21.6%

1971 548,160,000 24.8%

1981 683,329,000 24.7%

1991 846,387,888 23.9%

2001 1,028,737,436 21.5%

2011 1,210,193,422 17.6%

Age structure

0-14 years: 29.7% (male 187,450,635/female 165,415,758) 

15-64 years: 64.9% (male 398,757,331/female 372,719,379) 

65 years and over: 5.5% (male 30,831,190/female 33,998,613)

Median age

total: 26.5 years male: 25.9 years 

female: 27.2 years

Fertility rate

• 2.58 children

born/woman

• Goa –

the lowest

• Uttar Pradesh –

the highestCrude birth rate trends in India(per 1000 people, national average

Population density

Rank City name State/UT Pop.

1 Mumbai Maharashtra 12,478,447

2 Delhi Delhi 11,007,835

3 Bangalore Karnataka 8,425,970

4 Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 6,809,970

5 Ahmedabad Gujarat 5,570,585

6 Chennai Tamil Nadu 4,681,087

7 Kolkata West Bengal 4,486,679

8 Surat Gujarat 4,462,002

9 Pune Maharashtra 3,115,431

10 Jaipur Rajasthan 3,073,350

urban population: 30% of total population rate of urbanization: 2.4% annual rate of change

Literacy rateState/UT Code India/State/UT Literate Persons (%) Males (%) Females (%)

10 Bihar 63.82 73.39 53.33

32 Kerala 93.91 96.02 91.98

INDIA 74.04 82.14 65.46

 Infant mortality rate

total: 46.07 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 67.14 years male: 66.08 years female: 68.33 years

Ethnic groups

• Indo-Aryan 72%,

• Dravidian 25%,

• Mongoloid and Negrito 3%

Genetics

• fewer females since prehistoric times• tribes and castes – highly differentiated• Austroasiatic tribals – the earliest settlers in

India (?)• most population migrated from the northeast • the Tibeto-Burman tribals – the Austroasiatic

tribals – south China (?)• the Dravidian tribals – used to be more

widespread but moved to the south• the upper castes – closer to Central Asian

populations, but not that much in southern India• “melting pot”

7 billion

• The 7th billion person

born in Uttar Pradesh,

India, in 2011

• Malthusian theory of the English economist Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) stated that increases in population tend to exceed increases in the means of subsistence and that therefore sexual restraint should be exercised

Population growth implications

• unbalanced population (north – south, urban – rural)

• strategic asset for India: innovation, army, etc.

• growing demand in

jobs,

schools,

opportunities,

resources.

Population growth implications

• gender discrimination – ‘gendercide’, ‘foeticide’• child marriages (for protection, debt cancellation,

capture, etc.)• girl = somebody else’s wealth• migration, ‘trafficking’, of women• Sex ratio:at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.13 m/f 15-64 years: 1.07 m/f  65 years and over: 0.9 m/f  total population: 1.08 m/f 

Next class

Lecture: Economy

Presentation:The economic prospects of India

Discussion: What’s the recipe for economic success?