INDIA ON TECHNOLOGY, ELECTRONICS,

COMPUTERS AND OPEN SOURCE

INTRODUCTION India is one of the leading nations in the world in the fields of

computers, electronics and technology . India's growing stature in the Information Age enabled it to form close

ties with both the United States of America and the European Union. The Information technology industry in India has gained a brand

identity as a  knowledge economy due to its IT and ITES sector. The IT–ITES industry has two major components: IT Services and business process outsourcing (BPO).

The growth in the service sector in India has been led by the IT–ITES sector, whose contribution to India's GDP grew from 1.2% in FY1998 to 7.5% in FY2012.

The major cities that account for about nearly 90% of this sectors exports are Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai. Bangalore is considered to be the Silicon Valley of India because it is the leading IT exporter.

The "Top Five Indian IT Services Providers" are Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, Cognizant, Wipro and HCL Technologies.

MAJOR IT HUBSAccording to Rank:

1. BANGALORE ---- Popularly known as the Silicon Valley of India and leading software exporter from India. Bangalore is considered to be a global technology hub of India.

2. HYDERABAD--- Hyderabad is a major IT hub in India which is also known as Cyberabad which consists of many Multinational Corporation companies such as Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Amazon and Electronic Arts etc.

3. CHENNAI --- Chennai is a major destination of India and is the BPO hub of India. Chennai has the largest operations centers of TCS, and Cognizant.

4. MUMBAI---- It is the Financial capital of India where many IT companies have established offices.

5. DELHI--- The National Capital Region comprising Delhi, Gurgaon and Noida are clusters of software development.

6. PUNE--- Major Indian and International Firms are present in Pune. Pune is also C-DAC Head-Quarter.

7. KOLKATA--- One of the largest cities in India, Kolkata contributes significantly to IT exports.

8. THIRUVANTHAPURAM--- The capital of Kerala houses all major IT companies including Oracle, TCS, Infosys, and contributes in IT export of India.

Firm Revenues Employees Fiscal Year Headquarters

TCS $10.17 billion 254,076 2012 Mumbai

CTS $7.05 billion 185,045 2012 Chennai

Wipro $5.73 billion 140,569 2012 Bangalore

Infosys $6.69 billion 153,761 2012 Bangalore

HCL Technologies

$4.3 billion 85,335 2012 Noida

BIG FIVE IT SERVICES COMPANY

‘INDIA SHOULD BE THE FIRST INTRODUCER OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES’ – ACCORDING TO R CHIDAMBARAM, PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISOR TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

“Science is getting more and more internationalised,” Chidambaram said, quoting at the National Science Foundation of USA.

According to him- India, if it is to become a knowledge-driven economy, should have the

courage to be the ‘first introducer’ of new and advanced technologies. “To become a developed country, we must have a judicious mix of basic

research, applied research, technology  development and manufacturing skills,”

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INDIA The economic effect of the technologically inclined services sector

in India is huge. It accounts for 40% of the country's GDP and 30% of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only 25% of its workforce.

The share of IT (mainly software) in total exports increased from 1 percent in 2001 to 18 percent in 2001. IT-enabled services such as back-office operations, remote maintenance, accounting, public  call centers, medical transcription, insurance claims, and other bulk processing are rapidly expanding. Indian companies such as  HCL, TCS, Wipro, and Infosys may yet become household names around the world.

Today, Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley of India and contributes 33% of Indian IT Exports. India's second and third largest software companies are head-quartered in Bangalore, as are many of the global SEI-CMM Level 5 Companies.

WHAT DOES OPEN SOURCE MEAN IN INDIA?

What does open source mean in India? Is there a national consensus, or is it really driven state by state? Also, what are the key open source technologies that are existing in India today? Surely Linux, but what others? Why?

OPEN SOURCE IN INDIA Open Source in India simply implies a 'radical' and 'fresh' approach to

our burgeoning problems. Besides the Linux operating system, LAMP as a stack is also catching on in India. The Open Source development stack is becoming popular among students and developers in general due to its easy availability and widespread community support.

Although the adoption of Open Source solutions in the Indian e-governance sector is primarily being looked at from a State Government perspective, significant support is being extended by the Central Government as well. For example, during the launch of a free software CD containing Hindi language tools and fonts based on open source software, our minister of Communications & Information Technology, Shri Dayanidhi Maran, asserted that the freely available (open) office suite is in every way the equal of (non-free) Microsoft Office.

INDIAN COMMUNITY’S RESPONSE BEEN TO ACCEPTING OPEN SOURCE TECHNOLOGIES AND SOFTWARE The open source community in India is one of the largest in the world. As

the market is maturing, organizations in India have slowly started accepting the advantages of open source platforms and encouraging collaboration.

Open standards is a key facilitator for customization and innovation, and the Indian developer community is creating OSS for a wide range of applications.

With the increasing adoption of business applications by the Indian small and medium businesses, and cost being a key constraint in the adoption of applications development tools, open source solutions offer an interesting alternative. Government institutions and PSUs are in discussions regarding the adoption of open source software, e.g., the Indian Railways is supporting the deployment of Asterisk, an open source telephony platform, for all new developments in internal telephone services.

ADOPTION BY INDIAN GOVERNMENTS

The Government of  Kerala, India, announced its official support for free/open-source software in its State IT Policy of 2001, which was formulated after the first-ever free software conference in India, "Freedom First!", held in July 2001 in Trivandrum, the capital of Kerala, where Richard Stallman inaugurated the Free Software Foundation of India.

ATUL CHITNIS—CHAMPION OF OPEN SOURCE IN INDIA

The German-born Indian consulting technologist, Atul Chitnis was perhaps best known as the founder of Foss.in—one of the world’s largest free and open source software (Foss) events—held annually in India since 2001 (when it was known as Linux Bangalore

FREE AND OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE

Free and open-source software (F/OSS, FOSS) or free/libre/open-source software (FLOSS) is software that is both free software and open source. It is liberally licensed to grant users the right to use, copy, study, change, and improve its design through the availability of its source code. This approach has gained both momentum and acceptance as the potential benefits have been increasingly recognized by both individuals and corporations.

THE MODERN INDIAN INVENTORS

Life gave them lemons. And they turned them into as perfect lemonades. They are the ones that felt the necessity to invent. They took the initiative to not only mend their own torn shoes but also the society’s. They changed the world and the way it lived. They, are the Indian Inventors. Rockying celebrates some of the less known and the most renowned inventors and innovators of modern times. Unfurled here is history in the making...

AJAY BHATT- INDIAN INVENTOR HONOURED FOR CREATING USB DRIVE TECHNOLOGY

. 56-year-old Bhatt is an Indian-American computer

architect and his team comprises Bala Sudarshan Cadambi, Shaun Knoll, Jeff Morriss, Shelagh Callahan of the United States. The team was declared the winner from Non-European Countries for creation and development of USB technology. Well- established as an industry standard today, USB technology allows users to connect various devices to a computer. The technology is being successfully used in billions of electronic devices ranging from webcams to cell phones and memory sticks all over the world.

The European Union awarded India-born inventor Ajay Bhatt-led team for creating and developing the Universal Serial Bus (USB) technology, which is considered as one of the most significant advancements since the introduction of silicon chip.

EESHA KHARE - INDIAN AMERICAN TEEN INVENTS WONDROUS 20-SEC CHARGER

An 18-year-old Indian-American girl has invented a super-capacitor device that could potentially charge your cell phone in less than 20 seconds.

Eesha Khare, from Saratoga, California, was awarded the Young Scientist Award by the Intel Foundation after developing the tiny device that fits inside mobile phone batteries, that could allow them to charge within 20-30 seconds.

The so-called super-capacitor, a gizmo that can pack a lot of energy into a tiny space, charges quickly and holds its charge for a long time, NBC News reported.

Khare has been awarded USD 50,000 for developing the tiny device. She has also attracted the attention of tech giant Google for her potentially revolutionary invention.

Teenagers of Indian origin won a raft of prizes at the annual Intel science bash in what's now par for course, but although the top prize eluded them, the most electrifying breakthrough came from Indian-American high-scholar. A device she has developed can fully charge a cell phone in 20 to 30 seconds in what will be a boon for a gazillion mobile users who need to juice up their cell phones quickly.

ARYABHATTA - INDIA’S FIRST SATELLITE

•Aryabhata was INDIA's first  satellite, named after the great Indian astronomer of the same name. It was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar using a Cosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to gain experience in building and operating a satellite in space

•The satellite's image appeared on the reverse of Indian 2 rupee banknotes between 1976 and 1997.

India’s modest efforts to conquer the space that began in 1975 with the successful launch of its first satellite Aryabhatta in 1975 have now come of age. Today, India is among the select few space powers in the world to launch foreign satellites and eye a big chunk of the $ 200 billion commercial rocket launch industry.

India has sewn up space agreements with over 20 countries. More importantly, it is now preparing for its Mars Mission in December 2013. It is no mean achievement for a country that was finding it difficult to feed its own people till it successfully embarked on a Green Revolution nearly half a century ago, is now aiming literally for the stars!

A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM – THE MISSILE MAN OF INDIA

Popularly called “The Missile Man of India”, Kalam worked as an aerospace engineer with Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Amongst his innumerous contributions to the nation, his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology fetched him the title.

Recipient of India’s highest civilian honor, the Bharat Ratna (2007), for his immense contribution to the scientific research and modernisation of defence technology in India, Dr. Kalam was honored with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990, for his role as a scientific advisor to the government.

He carried out pivotal roles in developing the missiles Agni and Prithvi and the Polar SLV and SLV-III projects.

This scientist, right from building a small helicopter for the Indian Army, to directing Project Devil and Project Valiant, to undertaking a sortie in a fighter aircraft, to looking at an evolved India as his mission, has dedicated his entire life to the nation.

Mission: He aims at transforming India into a developed nation by 2020.

SHIVA AYYADURAI - THE MAN WHO INVENTED EMAIL.

VA Shiva Ayyadurai is the founder of email service company EchoMail, Inc. EchoMail's core technology originated from Shivas invention for classifying inbound email for the US White House.

More commonly known as the man who invented EMAIL.

Based in USA, this Mumbai born Tamilian developed a full-scale emulation of the interoffice mail system, which he called "EMAIL" and copyrighted in 1982.

In 2007 he was awarded a Fulbright scholarship and returned to India to study the linkages between traditional medicines and modern systems biology. In 2012, he launched Systems Health™, an educational program for medical doctors which integrates concepts from systems of holistic medicine such as Siddha, Ayurveda, and Traditional Chinese medicine with systems science and systems biology.

He has also authored three books on the Internet and EMAIL: Arts and the Internet, The Internet Publicity Guide and The EMAIL Revolution (to be released in 2013).

VINOD DHAM – “FATHER OF THE PENTIUM” MICROPROCESSOR

o Dham, all around the world, is known as the “Father of Pentium” microprocessors. He is also known as the co-inventor of the flash memory technology. Flash as we know is memory storage in a little chip, popularly called the SD (Secure Digital) card used in USB drives, digital cameras and many other storage devices.o Presently, Dham, 62, is the chairman, president and chief executive officer of Silicon Spice, a communications technology development firm.

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