Indigenous Approaches

toCommunity

Organization

Presents

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Ambedkar

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VinobaGandhi2

UnderstandingCommunity Organization…..

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• Help people to enhance and more effectively use their own problem-solving skills and coping capacities.

• Establish linkage between people and resource systems.

• Facilitate interaction and modify and build relationships between people and societal resource systems.

• Contribute to the development and modification of social policy.

• Dispense material resources.• Serve as agents of social control.

(Pincus & Minhan, 1973)3

DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR

• Nationalist • Jurist • Dalit Political leader• Buddhist revivalist

(1891 - 1956) .

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Chief architect of the Indian Constitution.

Spent his whole life fighting againts social discrimination, the system of “Chatur Varna”(Four Varna).

Honored with the “Bharat Ratna” (India’s highest civilian) award.

Continued…

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Philosophy/Social Thought

•Political Powers should be concentrated in the hands of Socially Depressed Sections.

•Democratic awakening and human rights of Depressed Classes.

•The leader should be from the same group/community for whom the various movements were going.

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Philosophy/Social Thought

• Criticisms of Hinduism (The System of Chatur Varna) and religious bias.

• Struggle for Identity formation of depressed classes.

• Reservation for Depressed Classes in Education, Jobs opportunity, Political Power etc.

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Social Movements

Mahad SatyagrahaNasik Kala Ram Mandir

Movement Manusmriti Burnt

Poona PactHindu Code Bill

Buddhism Conversion Movement|| G4C5031009 || 8

M. K. GANDHIM. K. GANDHI

Father of the Nation

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(1869 – 1948)

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Gandhi’s vision:an ideal village Swaraj

≈ Complete republic≈ Independent of neighbours for it’s vital

wants – grow it’s own food crops and cotton for its cloth

≈ Reserve for cattle, recreation and playground for adults and children

≈ Grow useful money crops if more land available

≈ Maintain a village theatre, school and public hall

≈ Have own waterworks to ensure clean water supply – through controlled wells and tanks.

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≈ Compulsory education≈ Most activities to be conducted on a co-operative

basis≈ No castes with their graded untouchability≈ Non-violence ( satyagraha and non co-

operation) will be the sanction of village community≈ Compulsory service of village guards- selected by

rotation≈ Government – annually elected panchayat

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Gandhi’s vision:an ideal village Swaraj

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Instead of producing quickly and in great bulk by centralized technology and then taking a roundabout way of expensive distribution, organize both production and consumption as close to one another as possible.

Theory of decentralization

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‘The pilgrimage to Swaraj is a painful climb. It requires attention to details. It means vast organising ability, it means penetration into the villages solely for the service of villagers. In other words it means national education of the masses. It means an awakening of national consciousness among the masses. It will not spring like the magician’s mango. It will grow almost unperceived like the banyan tree. A bloody revolution will never perform the trick. Haste here is most certainly waste.’ (Young India, 21-05-1925, 178)

Swaraj

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80% of the population has no work for minimum four months in an year.

Spinning wheel brought useful work to the farmer in his own home during hours or months in which there had little else to do.

Leads to mass production in people’s own homes.

Significance of the spinning wheel

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• By patriotism, Gandhi meant the welfare of the whole people.

• Means of production of the elementary necessaries of life should remain in the control of the masses.

• For him freedom is of the highest value and this should be preserved even at the cost of technological inefficiency, if that becomes unavoidable.

…a few thoughts

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VINOBA BHAVEVINOBA BHAVE

Sarvodaya Movement

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(1885 – 1982)

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An ideology of Gandhi

Gandhi borrowed the term from Jaina scripture by Acharya Samantabhadra – was first used by him in his autobiography.

Is superior to utilitarianism

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Sarvodaya

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 “The end grows out of the means as the tree grows out of the seeds” The emphasis on the means springs from the Gita ideal of selfless action.

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Other reasons: 1.Ethical – only god has the right to destroy the life.2.Practical – a result obtained by force can last only so long as the force last.

Sarvodaya - Why the non-violent means?

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The ideal free from all forms and types of coercive administration

Near Ideal Society comprises of oceanic circles

Political Order in Sarvodaya Society

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Economy of limited wants

“Simple Living, High Thinking”

Economy based on mass production

Economic order of Sarvodaya society

Sarvodaya view of distribution

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1. TRUSTEESHIP An alternative for the socialist programme of expropriation of the overgrown estates of the jamindars and ruling chiefs

Trusteeship mantra “Enjoy thy wealth by renouncing it….. Earn

your crores by all means, but understand that wealth is not yours: it belongs to people. Take what you require for your legitimate needs and use the remainder for the society”

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2. BHOODAN Telengana District of Hyderabad, 1951In 51 days, through 200 villages, 12201 acres of land donatedSampattidanTo help businessman develop a sense of service and free him from the craze for more and more profits

Base – Bible: “freely ye have received, freely give” Other forms of Sampattidan – if a caste Hindu keeps a Harijan child in his house and brings up as one of his own family, such expenditure will be considered as Sampattidan.

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Sarvodaya view of distribution

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• Complementary to Bhoodan and follows from it• Collective village living.• Land collectively owned and managed by village

sabha or panchayat• Each family represented by one person to form

the general village council, meeting once in a month. Council unanimously nominate 10-15 person who will form a committee. Committee responsible for the administration of the village.

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Sarvodaya view of distribution

3. GRAMDAN

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The three methods of achieving equitable distribution, will necessarily have to be followed simultaneously As Sarvodaya gathers momentum, the centralized industries of today will gradually start withering away and come to be replaced by decentralized production based on the tenet of production for village consumption.

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In conclusion….

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Contemporary Approaches to Community Organization and Reform

Baba AmteAnna Hazare

CHIPKO MovementNarmada Bachao

AndolanTarun Bharat Sangh

SEWA25

Legal name: Murlidhar Devidas Amte.

•Social worker and social activist. •Known particularly for his work for betterment of poor people suffering from leprosy.

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BABA AMTE(1914 – 2008)

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• Practiced various aspects of Gandhism, including yarn spinning using a charkha and wearing khadi.

• Founded three ashrams for treatment and rehabilitation of leprosy patients, disabled people, and people from marginalized sections of the society in Maharashtra.

• In 1973, Amte founded the Lok Biradari Prakalp to work among the Madia Gond tribal people of Gadchiroli District.

• Many other social causes:• generating public awareness of importance of

ecological balance, • wildlife preservation, • Narmada Bachao Andolan.

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his work……

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• Greatly supported by family. Two sons and daughters-in-law, all doctors.

• Son, Prakash runs "Maharogi Sewa Samiti" (Leprosy Service Society)

• In 2008, Prakash and Mandakini were given the Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership

• Anandwan and Hemalkasa village have one hospital each. Anandwan has a university, an orphanage, and schools for the blind and the deaf. Currently, the self-sufficient Anandwan ashram has over 5,000 residents.

• Used Gandhian principles to fight against corruption, mis-management, and poor, short-sighted planning in the government.

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…..his work

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Legal name: Kisan Baburao Hazare.

•Social activist •Development of Relegan Sidhi as a model village.•Champion for the cause of Right to Information Act •Crusade towards fighting corruption in public offices.•Awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1992.

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ANNA HAZAREBorn in 1940

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An Army driverHad miraculous escapes from death during Indo-Pak was in 1965 in Punjab and later in Nagaland.

 Inspiration:

Call to the Youth For Nation Building by Swami Vivekananda.Read books of Swami Vivekananda, Mahatma Gandhi and Vinoba Bhave.

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his life…..

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1975 shifted village and followed Gandhian principles in getting grant for school from the government and stopping open grazing of cattle.

•Formed youth group•With money from Provident Fund, began the renovation of the village temple.

Watershed Management ProgrammeConservation of soil and water

Restoration of green cover|| G4C5031009 ||

his work…..

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Grain Bank:Villagers who did not have enough grain could "borrow" grain from this bank. The idea was to

ensure that no villager would have to borrow money to meet food requirements. The grain from the "Grain Bank" is given in the form of loan and is monitored by the youth groups.

Uprooting AlcoholismUnique Holi by burning tobacco and beedi.

Milk production|| G4C5031009 ||

…..his work

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Removal of untouchabilityThe dalits have been integrated into

the social and economic life of the village. The villagers have built houses for the Harijanas and helped to repay their

loans to free them from their indebtedness.

EducationCollective marriages

Gram SabhaVillage Birthday-Oct 2nd

…..his work

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Big Dams are to a nation’s development what nuclear bombs are to its military arsenal.

They are both weapons of mass destruction.-  Arundhati Roy|| G4C5031009 ||

Narmada Bachao Andolan

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She organized a 36-day long, solidarity march among the neighboring states of the Narmada

valley from Madhya Pradesh to the Sardar Sarovar dam site.  Patkar established Narmada Bachao Andolan in 1989, an amalgamation of so many other like-minded groups.

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Medha Patkar: the Leader, involved in the project from 1985.

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Mobilised tribal people, adivasis, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists against the Sardar Sarovar Dam being built across the Narmada river.

The demands of NBA include land-for-land rehabilitation of the displaced people and equitable distribution of natural resources and benefits of such projects.

"The Narmada Bachao Andolan has rendered a yeoman`s service to the country by creating a high-level of

awareness about the environmental and rehabilitation and relief aspects of Sardar Sarovar and other projects on the

Narmada.-Press Bureau of India

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the activity….

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The G4 TeamPUNYASIL RAJNA MEHRA

RAVI RANJAN RIKA GUITERITU RAJ RUPESH SHERSHTASACHIN SAKSHI LAMBA

SANGEETHA SARITHA SATYA PRIYA SHAHBAZ

SHAIJU CHACKO37