Indirect speechkaudne kõne

Direct speech

• Kõneleja jutt on edasi antud tsitaadina.• Kasutatakse jutumärke• Lause jaguneb saatelauseks (koos

saateverbiga) ja otsekõneks Kate says, “I play piano.”

Kate ütleb: “Ma mängin klaverit.”reporting verb otsekõne (saateverb)

Indirect speech kaudne kõne

• Kõneleja jutt on edasi antud kaudselt. • Muutuda võiva asesõnad ja tegusõna

pöördevormid• Muuta võib ka saateverbi, seda juhul kui

saatelauses pöördutakse kellegi poole (Kate says to mum, “I play piano.” )

Kate says, “I play piano.”Kate says (to mum that) she plays the piano.Kate tells mum that she plays piano

Reported statements (kaudsed jutustavad laused)

• Kui saateverb on olevikus, siis kaudses lauses ajavormid ei muutu.

Jack says, “ My English has improved a lot.”Jack says (that) his English has improved a lot.

Muutused kaudses kõnes

• Inglise keeles pole peale saateverbi komaSteve says he loves his work.• Asesõnad muutuvad: I-he/she; my-his/her; me-him/herwe-they; our- their; us-them• Lihtoleviku ainsuse kolmandale pöördele

lisandub –s (run-runs)

Indirect requests and orders(soovid ja käsud kaudses kõnes)

• Earl says, “Pour me some tea, please, Paul.”Earl asks Paul to pour him some tea.Sarah says, “Help yourself.”Sarah tells Jill to help herself.Eitav lauseJill says, “Don’t take any notice.”Jill asks Sarah not to take any notice.

• Kaudse kõne käsu (order) puhul kasuta pigem verbi tell

• Kaudse kõne soovi (request) puhul kasuta pigem verbi ask

• Kui saateverb on minevikus, siis muutub ka kaudse kõne ajavorm.

Jack said, “ My English has improved a lot.”Jack said (that) his English had improved a lot.

Changes • Present simple→past simple (go- went)• Present progressive →past progressive (she is

going -she was going)• Past simple → past simple or past perfect

(went- went-had gone)• Present perfect →past perfect (have gone-

had gone)• Future simple →would (will-would)• can →could

Other changesDirect speech Indirect speech

now then

today that day

tonight that night

tomorrow the next day/the following day

yesterday the day before

next Monday the following Monday

Last Sunday the previous Sunday

this that

these those

here there

That

• Kui saateverb on said või told, siis that-i nende ees tavaliselt ei kasutata.

• Kui saateverbiks on added, explained või midagi muud, siis kasutatakse that- i kaudse lause ees.

• Mrs Lyndon says, “It’s nice that the children are at home again.”

• Mrs Lyndon says it’s nice that the children are at home again.

• Diana said, “I love the spring holidays because there are daffodils and primroses now.”

• Diana said she loved the spring holidays because there were daffodils and primroses everywhere then.