Industrial hazards…?BY

Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14

“An accident often causing serious injury that is job related in that it usually happened on a work site such as a factory floor or construction sites.”

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Released Components of an industry

waste

Raw materials

SO2

CO2

Hg

BOD

water

energy

VOCs

noise

odour

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Main Compounds Carbon monoxide: CO Carbon dioxide: CO2

Nitrogen oxides: NOx/NO2

Sulphur oxides: SOx/SO2

Particulate Matter: PM10

Trace compounds Heavy metals such as Hg, Cd. Dioxins

More than 3,000 people die every day because of the work they do for a living

2 million global work related fatalities every year (estimated for year 2000)*

250 million accidents per year worldwide 160 million diseases are caused by people’s jobs World economic losses are equal to 4% of world wide

R.Sangwan

Impact of Occupational Injuries and DiseasesImpact of Occupational Injuries and Diseases

• 36 Injuries/minute

• 5 Million/year

• 90,000 Fatal injuries/year

• 300 Deaths/day

• 9%-12% of GDP in LAC

Pan American Health Organization

E. R. Vaidogas, Lectures on OSH 6

The problem of industrial safety 8/11

BP accident in Texas City

* Richard Gowland (ETPIS Chairman), 1st ETPIS Mirror Group Meeting, European Council, March 2007, Brussels

15 workers killed 170 people injured Extensive damage to the plant and nearby town

Dailly Telegraph 2007 02 12, “Funds turn screw” A group of 39 UK public sector pension funds are turning the screw on BP over the oil major’s safety failures. The Local Authority Person Fund Forum whose members have over 70

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Risk at Fertiliser Units…

Chemicals Involved

Ammonia

Urea – Strong oxidizer, promotes explosive

reaction with organic materials.

Ammonium Nitrate – Strong oxidant that

reacts with combustible and reducing

material.

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Risk at Fertiliser Units

Criticalities

Ammonia - Methamphetamines' (Illegal Drug)

Urea – As explosive

Ammonium Nitrate – A typical Explosive

Ammonia alone is used in about 1/3rd

of all Risk Management Program

chemical Process

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Risk in Fertilizer Units

Natural Gas

Naphtha

Ammonia

Other highly flammable gases viz. Carbon mono-

oxide, Methane and Hydrogen

Chemicals Handled in Ammonia-Urea Plants

Basic Electrical Safety

Have You Ever Been Shocked?

THE BASICS

Fundamentals of Electrical HazardsFundamentals of Electrical Hazards

Basic Electrical Safety

More than 3 mapainful shock

More than 10 mamuscle contraction “no-let-go” danger

More than 30 malung paralysis- usually temporary

More than 50 mapossible ventricular fib. (heart dysfunction, usually fatal)

100 ma to 4 ampscertain ventricular fibrillation, fatal

Over 4 ampsheart paralysis; severe burns. Usually caused by >600 volts

Fundamentals of Electrical HazardsFundamentals of Electrical Hazards

“ Present activities has outpaced the nature’s capacity to purify it

and sustain its intrinsic strength”.

The Bhopal disaster or Bhopal gas tragedy was an industrial disaster that took place at a Union Carbide pesticide plant in the Indian city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. At midnight on 3 December 1984, the plant released an estimated 42 tonnes of toxic methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas, exposing more than 500,000 people to MIC and other chemicals. The first official immediate death toll was 2,259. The government of Madhya Pradesh has confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release. Others estimate 8,000-10,000 died within 72 hours and 25,000 have since died from gas-related diseases.

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Safety Accidents

Industrial Accidents

Reason Impact

Terra Industries Inc.

Port Neal, Iowa

Inadequate indication of

Process condition

Release of Ammonia.

More then 20 employees affected

Chernobyl Nuclear Plant,

Ukraine

Inadequate knowledge of

process as well as safety parameters

$ 200 Billion

More then 1 Lakh people affected

Bhopal Gas Tragedy, India

Negligence in safety

$ 500 Million

More then 20,000 people affectedOperator Performance plays a crucial role in Safe plant operation

To be cont……..

Unsafe Condition

Insufficient workspace lighting. Excessive noise. Slippery or unsafe floor. Extreme temperature exposer. Inadequate protection when working with hazardous

material. Unstable structure. Electrical problem. Machine malfunctioning or failure.

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Unsafe Acts

Actions or failure to act which result in injury. Employee negligence. Organizational Error.

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“Live as if you were to die tomorrow.

Learn as if you were to live forever.”

R.Sangwan

Safety in Industry

Safety in Industry Safety means protection of

Humans

Plants & Machinery

Surrounding Environment

Gains obtained by ignoring safety aspects are for short terms and not sustainable.

“Developing and providing Sustainable Technologies

results in Sustainable Development and improved

Profits.

Prevention

Works management should control major hazard installations by sound engineering and management practices.

good plant design, fabrication and installation, including the use of high-standard components.

regular plant maintenance; good plant operation; good management of safety on site; regular inspection of the installation, with repair

and replacement of components where necessary.R.Sangwan 20