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This presentation gives an introduction about different types of information systems, the information system's development methodologies and required infrastructures.
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Information
Systems
Fereshte Shabany [email protected]
‘In the Name of Kind ALLAH’
Amir-Kabir University of Technology
Tehran, Iran
Department of Industrial Engineering
Introduction
Definition of a system:
A set of components that interact together to achieve a common
goal
System Goal
SMART
Specific, Measurable, Assignable, Realistic, Tamable
System BoundariesProcess
Analysis
Inputs Outputs
Actions
Actions
Feedback
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Definition of an Information System (IS):
Set of procedures, processes, objects and people that will produce
useful information for members & customers of an organization
Project phases:
Planning
Why build the system?
Analysis
Who, what, when, where will the system be?
Design
How will the system work?
Implementation
System delivery
Introduction
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Planning Phase
Introduction
Project Initiation
System Request
Feasibility Analysis
Approval Committee
Project Management
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Introduction
Analysis Phase
Analysis
+ System Concept
+ Models
are combined into the
System Proposal
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Design Phase
Decides how the system will operate
Architecture design
User interface design (UI)
Database design
Program design
Implementation Phase
Construction
Conversion/Installation
Maintenance & Support
Introduction
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1- Structured design
Waterfall Development Method
IS Development Methodologies
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Parallel development
IS Development Methodologies
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Spiral Model
IS Development Methodologies
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2- Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Phased Development
- Break overall system into a series of versions
- Each version has Analysis, Design, and Implementation
- Output from on version is the input to the next
- Incorporate ideas, issues, lessons learned in one version into
the next version
IS Development Methodologies
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Prototyping
- Analysis, Design, Implementation are performed concurrently
- Start with a "quick-and-dirty" prototype
- Provides minimal functionality
- Repeat process, refining the prototype each time
- Stop when prototype is a working system
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IS Development Methodologies
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IS Development Methodologies
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Throw-Away Prototyping
- Use prototypes only to understand requirements
Example: use html to show UI
- Prototype is not a working design
- Once requirements are understood,
the prototypes are thrown away
- The system is then built using SDLC
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IS Development Methodologies
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IS Development Methodologies
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3- Agile development
XP streamline SDLC
- Just a few rules that are easy to learn and follow Streamline
the SDLC
- Eliminate much of the modeling and documentation
- Emphasize simple, iterative application development
IS Development Methodologies
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IS Development Methodologies
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Clarity of User Requirements
Familiarity with Technology
System Complexity
System Reliability
Short Time Schedules
Schedule Visibility
How Select the Appropriate Methodology?
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Criteria for Selecting a Methodology
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Contemporary Approaches to Information Systems
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Business firms invest heavily in information systems to
achieve six strategic business objectives:
Operational excellence
New products, services, and business models
Customer and supplier intimacy
Improved decision making
Without accurate information:
Managers must use forecasts, best guesses, luck
Competitive advantage
Survival
Why Information Systems?
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Types of Information Systems
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ESS: Executive Support Systems
DSS: Decision Support Systems
MIS: Management Information Systems
KWS: Knowledge Work Systems
GIS: Geographical Information Systems
GSS: Group Support Systems
TPS: Transaction Processing Systems
OAS: Office Automation Systems
EDP: Electronic Database Processing
Types of Information Systems
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Business analyst
System analyst
Infrastructure analyst
Change management analyst
Project manager
o Important aspects in IS development
Information Systems Roles
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Organizational structures
Management willing and support, Cooperative staff, Distributed and decentralized organization ,Proper data management, Staff learning courses
Information technology
Knowledge discovery and acquisition, Data mining, Data warehousing
Human resources
Expert teams; System analysts, IT engineers, Data mining experts, Market analysts, …
Infrastructures needed for IS implementation
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Thanks
Finished
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