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Institutio Communicationis
Borislav GueorguievSouth-East European Center for Semiotic
Studies,New Bulgarian University
https://bogeo.net
EFSS2016
Institutio OratoriaQuintilian
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Contents
1. What is communication?2. What is institution?3. What does anthropological approach mean?
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Communication
DefinitionÉtablissement de relations codées entre un locuteur et un récepteur, à condition que le récepteur puisse devenir à son tour locuteur.
B.Toussaint,Qu’est-ce que la Sémiologie?, Privat, 1978.
Parler c’est communiquer
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Communication sciences
Établissement de relations codées entre un locuteur et un récepteur, à condition que le récepteur puisse devenir à son tour locuteur. Linguistics (and Semiotics) Psychology Anthropology
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Anthropological approach
Anthropology deals with the mankind, embed in communities and in the society.
Anthropology studies the common (unwritten) laws for co-existence and survival in the community and society, i.e. the common laws of the institution.
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InstitutionBronislaw Kasper Malinowski
Keywords describing one institution :
1. Law2. People3. Norms4. Tools5. Activities6. Functions
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Is the communication an institution?
Arrangement by Malinowski:1. Law2. People3. Norms4. Tools5. Activities6. Functions
Arrangements of proofs:
1. People2. Tools3. Activities4. Functions5. Norms6. Law
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Tools
Sign systems, based on seven strategic types of communication
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Strategic types of communication for
humans1. Touch: hot/cold; soft/hard; 2. Smell: pleasant/unpleasant; soft/hard;3. Taste: raw (le cru)/cooked (le cuit) – Claude Lévi-Strauss;
pleasant/unpleasant; soft/hard;4. Hearing: loud/quiet; articulate/non-articulate5. Sight: clear/cloudy; articulate/non-articulate6. Oral: loud/quiet; articulate/non-articulate;
instantaneousness/continuity7. Written: clear/cloudy; articulate/non-articulate;
instantaneousness/continuity
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Activities
Any possible speech act (Austin) and/or language game (Sprachspiel, Wittgenstein) which can be performed, and which is performed in different manner in different cultures (Anna Wierzbicka).
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J. L. Austin (1911 - 1960)
A British philosopher of language Widely associated with the concept
of the speech act and the idea is itself a form of action By uttering X, I am doing X
How to Do Things With Words, Oxford: Clarendon, 1962 – written version of Austin’s William James Lectures delivered in Harvard in 1955
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Strategic functions
1.Socialization through exchange;2.Pleasure;3.Healing / Therapy.
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Socialization
The language is the tool, which transforms our personal experience in external and social.
Berthrand Russel
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What do we exchange?
Claude Lévi-Strauss1. Women (or conjugal/sexual
partners);2. Goods & services;3. Ideas (i.e. information).
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Norms
Human beings do not live in the objective world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection.
Edward Sapir
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Norms
The fact of the matter is that the 'real world' is to a large extent unconsciously built upon the language habits of the group. No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation.
Edward Sapir
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Law
The common (unwritten) laws of communication from semiotic point of view are equivalent to the pragmatic principles of communication.
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Pragmatic Principles
1. The Principle of power (The Principle of commitativity);
2. Co-Operative principle;3. Politeness principle;4. Irony principle;5. Other principles;
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8jCV4f7HVE
19.10.09
