2. 1.Introduction to Culture: Definitions of Culture and Why do
cultures differ? 2.Types of Cultural Communication -Cross-cultural
communication -International communication -Multi-cultural
communication -Intercultural communication 3. What is Intercultural
Communication? 4. Importance of Intercultural Communication 5.
Examples for Cultural Differences in the Business World 6. Need for
Intercultural Communication 7. Two Trends of Intercultural
Communication: Globalisation and Multicultural Workforce 8. Factors
playing roles in bringing cultures together 9. Dos of Intercultural
Communication 10. Donts of Intercultural Communication 11. Various
Cultures, Various Dining Etiquette 12. Conclusion 13. References
2
3. Introduction to Culture What is culture? Culture is the
characteristics of a particular group of people, defined by
everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music
and arts. Today, in the United States as in other countries
populated largely by immigrants, the culture is influenced by the
many groups of people that now make up the country. (Kim Ann
Zimmermann) Why do cultures differ? : History Educational
Backgrounds Social backgrounds Ethnic Religion Ecology Technology
3
4. Various cultures in USA 4
5. Types of Cultural Communication Cross cultural communication
International communication Multicultural communication
Intercultural communication See 1 5
6. What is Intercultural Communication in terms of Business
Actions? The term "intercultural communication" is often used to
refer to the wide range of communication issues that inevitably
arise within an organization com of individuals from a variety of
religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. Each of
these individuals brings a unique set of experiences and values to
the workplace, many of which can be traced to the culture in which
they grew up and now operate. Businesses that are able to
facilitate effective communicationboth written and verbalbetween
the members of these various cultural groups will be far better
equipped to succeed than will those organizations that allow
conflicts that arise from internal cultural differences to fester
and harden. The failure to address and resolve culturally based
conflicts and tensions will inevitably show up in the form of
diminished performance and decreased productivity.
(http//www.inc.com/encyclopedia/intercultural-communicaiton.html)
6
7. Significance of Intercultural Communication in terms of
Business Actions Effective intercultural communication helps to
eliminate communication obstacles like language barriers and
stereotypes from international business . Effective global
communication can be achieved through learning about other cultures
and implementing communication strategies such as reflective
listening and being open-minded. (Importance of Intercultural
Communication in Business | eHow.com
http://www.ehow.com/facts_6933179_importance-intercultural-communication-
business.html#ixzz2S8Y3Zzsi) 7
8. Examples for cultural differences in the business world
Gestures Touch Masculinity & Feminity Seperation of Power
8
9. Examples for Cultural differences In America, people shake
hands ,and even hug each other. But in India, for example, hands
are joined to say namaskar. (http://www.wikihow.com/Say-Hello-in-
Different-Languages) 9
10. Need for Intercultural Communication Success of any
International business Allows workers from different cultures to
work together as a group. Worldwide marketing campaign. An increase
in international business. 10
11. Two trends of Intercultural Communication Globalization
Multicultural Workforce 11
12. GLOBALIZATION Globalization refers to the reduction and
removal of barriers between national borders in order to facilitate
the flow of goods, capital, services and labour
(http://www.worldbank.org/economi cpolicy/globalization/index.)
12
13. The term globalization is widely used in various sources of
literature. Many authors refer to it in different ways. Croucher
(2004) defines globalization as a combination of economic,
technological, sociocultural and political forces. Friedman (2008)
has an opinion that globalized trade, outsourcing, supply-chaining,
and political forces have changed the world permanently, for both
better and worse. The author states that the pace of globalization
is quickening and will continue to have a growing impact on
business organization and practice. Palmer (2004) defines
globalization as "the elimination of state-enforced restrictions on
exchanges across borders and the increasingly integrated and
complex global system of production and exchange that has emerged
as a result. Scholars Held and McGrew (1999) state that
Globalization is ...a widening, deepening and speeding up of
interconnectedness in all aspects of contemporary social life from
the cultural to the criminal, the financial to the spiritual.
13
14. MULTICULTURAL WORKFORCE The phrase "multicultural
workforce" refers to the changing age, gender, ethnicity, physical
ability, and race, of employees across all types and places of work
(http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Mor-
Off/Multicultural-Workforce.html) 14
15. Impact of Globalization- business sector e.g., Import and
Export of food, electronic goods, etc. to other countries. Building
a business friendly environment with other nations. 15
16. Impact of Globalization-Advancement in Film Industry
Spreading of multiculturalism, collaborations For example: Endhiran
Film was persuaded by animatronic technicians from other countries
also. 16
17. Increase in international travel and tourism Greater
international travel and tourism help cultures come closer to each
other. For example: In 2004, there were over 17 million
international tourist arrivals to Turkey, with a rapid growth as in
2008 the number increased to 26 million. 17
18. Global sporting events Worldwide sporting events such as
World Cup , ICC world cup and the Olympic Games. 18
19. DOS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION Avoid Assumptions, jokes
which are misunderstood Use symbols, diagrams and pictures. Avoid
using slang and idioms, choosing words that will convey only the
most specific meaning; Investigate their culture's perception Take
cultural and local differences into account. Say what you do and do
what you say. Make sure that your communication is line with the
audience; use understandable language. Find out what cultural
factors may hinder effective communication 19
20. DONTS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION Use the same approach
world-wide. Consider traditional knowledge and practices as
backward. Let cultural differences become a source of conflict that
hinder the process or work. Fail to ignore culturally-dependent
enabling and counteracting forces. Fail to take language barriers
into account. 20
21. DONTS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION For example: -North
Americans view direct eye contact as a sign of honesty -Asians view
direct eye contact as a form of disrespect 21
22. DONTS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION The thumbs up sign in
America and most of Europe means that something is good, or that
you approve. This sign is considered rude in many Asian and Islamic
countries. Raising your hand up means stop in America or England.
In some Asian countries this gesture is used when asking for
permission to speak. 22
23. VARIOUS CULTURES, VARIOUS DINING ETIQUETTES Seating Eating
Home/restaurant The food Conversation Body language 23
24. EUROPE CHINA 24
25. CONCLUSION I To put into a nutshell, Intercultural
communication has existed since the earliest times of history and
civilization of mankind, and if at first the means of communication
involves a small number of people present, due to large
developments and discoveries in science and technology, the
evolution of media , the Internet has made it possible to access
and create social networks and links between people from all over
the globe. 25
26. CONCLUSION II Not practicing effective intercultural
communication can lead to accidentally offending another
individual. An organization dedicated to improving business between
cultures, the consequences for such an accident can range from an
embarrassing moment to the collapse of an entire business deal.
26
27. Thank You 27
28. Croucher, Sh. L. (2004). Globalization and Belonging: The
Politics of Identity in a Changing World. Rowman &
Littlefield.,10. Friedman T.L. (2008). The Dell Theory of Conflict
Prevention. Boston: Bedford, St. Martins, 49. Globalisation (2001).
Retrieved March 5, 2012 from
http://www1.worldbank.org/economicpolicy/globalization/index.html
Gestures, Touch, Masculinity and Feminity and Separetion of Power.
Retrieved from
http://www.ehow.com/info.8020031_cultural-differences-business
-communication-styles.html. On 2 April, 2013 Held, D., A. McGrew,
D. Goldblatt, and J. Perraton. (1999). Global Transformations:
Politics, Economics and Culture. Polity and Stanford University
Press. Kim Ann Zimmermann. What is culture? Retrieved from
http://www.livescience.com/21478-what-is-culture-definition-of-culture.html
on March 4 , 2012 Palmer T.G. (2004). Globalization Is Grrrreat!.
Cato Institute, 14-16. Stanford University Press. Transformations:
Politics, Economics and Culture. Intercultural communication.
Retrieved from
http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/intercultural-communication.html on
8 April,2013 Inercultural communicaiton in the business world.
Retrieved from
http//www.inc.com/encyclopedia/intercultural-communicaiton.html on
8 April,2013 Multicultural workforce. Retrieved from
http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Mor-Off/Multicultural-Workforce.html
on 9 April, 2013 Say hello in different languages. Retrieved from
http://www.wikihow.com/Say-Hello-in-Different-Languages on 9 April,
2013 What is Crosscultural communication? Retrieved from
http://www. Ewbs.com on 17 April, 2013 What is Intercultural
communication? Retrieved from
http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/articles on 8 April, 2013 What is
International communication? Retrieved from http://www.ewb.mit.edu
on 8 April, 2013 REFERENCES 28