Brick Masonry Definition :-Construction of brick units bonded together with mortar is termed as brick masonry.

The strength of the brick work primarily depends upon quality and strength of the brick, the type of

mortar and the method of bonding, adopter in construction. Brick can be divided into two types.

Types of Brick

Traditional Brick

Modular Brick

1. Header -It is a full brick which is laid

with its length perpendicular to the face of the wall. Its face measuring 10x10 cm.

2. Stretcher – It is a full brick or stone

which is laid with its length parallel to the face of the wall. Its face measuring 10x20 cm.

3. Full Brick - It is a full brick . The normal

size of the full brick is 19x9x9cm.

4. Half Bat -It is the portion of a brick cut

across the width or a brick cut by half of its length.

5. King closer - It is a brick which is cut in

such a way that the width of one of its end

is half that of a full brick.

6. Bevelled Closer- It is similar to king

closer with the only difference that the whole length of the brick is bevelled for maintaining half width width at the other.

7. Perpend- It is a vertical joint on the

face of a wall directly over vertical joints in alternate course.

8. Mitred Closer -It is a brick whose one

end is cut mitred for the full width.

Header Course Perpends

Racking back

Vertical joints

Bed joints

Queen Closer

Queen header

Stretcher course

Elevation of masonry wall

2.Modular Brick:-Indian Standard Institution has established a standard size for the brick. Such a brick is known as modular brick. The nominal size of a modular brick is taken as 20x10x10 cm whereas its actual dimensions are 19x9x9 cm.

Technical Terms Used in Masonry

1.Traditional Brick:-Traditional Brick vary from

21 to 25 cm in length, 10 to 13 cm cm in width and 7.5cm in height . The nominal size of a traditional brick is 23x11.4x7.6 cm.

Full Brick Three Quarter bat

Half Bat King Closer

Half & Quarter Queen Closer

Bevelled Closer

Bevelled Bat Mitred Closer

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Brick Masonry Types of brick bond

1.Header bond :-All the bricks are laid as

headers on the faces. The overlap, which is usually of half the width of the brick is obtained by introducing a three quarter bat in each alternate course at quoins and used for walls

curved on plan.

2.Stretcher bond:- All the bricks are laid as

stretchers. The overlap, which is usually of half brick, is obtained by commencing each alternate course with a half brick bat. Stretching bond is used for half brick wall only.

3.English bond:- This bond consists of

alternate course of headers and stretches. In this arrangement, vertical joints in the header courses come over each other and the vertical joints in the stretcher course are also in the same line.

4.Flemish bond:- In this arrangement of

bonding brick work, each course consists of alternate headers and stretchers. The alternate headers of each course are centered over the stretchers in the course. Every alternate course starts with a header at the corner.

5.Garden wall bond:- The type of bond is

suitably adopted for one brick thick wall which may act as a garden wall or a boundary wall.

Definition of brick bonds 1. Header bond 6. facing bond 2. Stretcher bond 7. raking bond 3. English bond 8. Dutch bond 4. Flemish bond 9. Zig zag bond 5. Garden wall

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Stretcher course

Mortar line 2,4,6

Courses

1,3,5 Courses

Mortar line

Stretcher Bond

1,3,5 Courses

2,4,6 Courses

Mortar line

Header Bond

Header course

Flemish Bond

Stretcher & header course

Mortar line 2,4,6

Courses

1,3,5 Courses

Stretchers course

2,4,6 Stretchers Course

1,3,5 Header Courses

English Bond

Definition of brick bonds

This type of bond is not so strong as English

bond & its use is restricted to construction of dwarf walls. These are in two types viz English & Flemish Garden wall bond.

6. English cross-bond:- This is similar

to English bond and consists of alternate course of headers and stretchers. However, in this bond, queen closer are introduced next to quoin headers and each alternate stretching course has header placed next to quoin stretcher.

7. Facing bond:- This arrangement of

brick is adopted for thick walls, where the facing and backing are desired to be constructed with bricks of different thickness.

8. Raking bond:- This is a bond in brick

work in which the bonding bricks are laid at any angle other than zero or ninety degrees.

9. Dutch bond:- This bond is a

modification of the old English cross bond and consists of alternate courses of headers and stretchers.

10. Zig-Zag bond:- This is similar to

herring bone bond with the only difference that in this case the bricks are laid in a zig-zag fashion. This is commonly adopted in brick paved flooring.

English Garden Wall Bond

Raking Bond

Dutch Bond Zig-Zag Bond

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Flemish Garden Wall Bond

Brick Masonry

English Cross Bond

Stretcher Course

Mortar line

2,4,6 Courses

1,3,5 Header Courses

Header course

Mortar line

2,3,4 Stretcher Courses

1,3,5 Courses

1,5,9 Header Courses

2,4,6 Stretcher

Courses

Header course & Stretcher course

Mortar line

Header course

Mortar line

2,4,6 Header Courses

1,3,5 Stretcher

Courses

Stretcher course