Neurology Includes 50 Flashcards for Board Exam prep

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INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARD REVIEW FLASHCARDS

K N O W M E D G E

INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARD REVIEW FLASHCARDS

Neurology Email: support@knowmedge.com Website: www.knowmedge.com Facebook: www.facebook.com/knowmedge Twitter: www.twitter.com/knowmedge YouTube: www.youtube.com/knowmedge Google+: www.google.com/+knowmedge Pinterest: www.pinterest.com/knowmedge Copyright © 2015 Knowmedge ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means–graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, web distribution–without the prior written permission of Knowmedge

Dear Reader, Thank you for downloading a copy of this eBook. If you are searching for study materials for your medical board exam, you are on the verge of a significant milestone in your professional journey. Knowmedge is a medical education learning platform that was launched in April 2013. It features over 900 Internal Medicine questions, 4,000+ flashcards, 1,500+ medical mnemonics… all designed to help you learn and reinforce the key concepts covered on the exam. In addition, each of the Knowmedge Internal Medicine questions features a highly interactive audio visual explanation, in which our content experts walk you through the principles underlying each question to methodically arrive at the correct answer. This book contains 50 quick review Neurology flashcards written by the team of Knowmedge doctors. We hope you find the questions in this book to be a valuable asset as you prepare for your upcoming exam. If you are interested in learning more about Knowmedge, please visit us at www.knowmedge.com. If you have any questions about the contents of this eBook, send me a note at ravi@knowmedge.com Best of luck in your preparations! Sincerely,

Ravi Ravi Bhatia, MD Co-founder, Chief Editor Knowmedge

Which anti-hypertensive agents may be

used for migraine prophylaxis?

Question 1

Beta blockers (usually Propranolol or

Timolol)

Answer 1

Which vitamin may be used for migraine

prophylaxis?

Question 2

Vitamin B2 (a.k.a. Riboflavin)

Answer 2

Which 2 anticonvulsants are typically

used for prophylaxis against migraines?

Question 3

Valproic acid and Topiramate

Answer 3

What are some of the main side effects

of carbamazepine use?

Question 4

- Dizziness

- GI upset

- Hypocalcemia

- Hyponatremia

Answer 4

For what type of seizures is ethosuximide

prescribed?

Question 5

Absence (petit-mal) seizures

Answer 5

Which anti-epileptic medication is most

notorious for causing neural tube defects

in the children of pregnant women using

the medication?

Question 6

Valproic acid

Answer 6

What is the best imaging study to

diagnose Multiple Sclerosis?

Question 7

MRI of the brain

Answer 7

What is the characteristic cerebral

imaging finding in Multiple Sclerosis?

Question 8

Increased T2 signal and decreased T1

signal

Answer 8

What is the diagnosis in a patient lacking

ipsilateral adduction to a contralateral

gaze?

Question 9

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Answer 9

Meniere's disease features which type of

vertigo: Central or Peripheral?

Question 10

Peripheral

Answer 10

What is cataplexy?

Question 11

Weakness or flaccid muscles upon

excitement

Answer 11

What type of visual loss results from

right optic tract lesion?

Question 12

Left-sided homonymous hemianopia

Answer 12

What type of vision loss results from left

optic nerve lesion

Question 13

Left monocular blindness

Answer 13

What type of vision loss results from

right optic radiation lesion?

Question 14

Left quadrantanopia (anopia affecting a

quarter of the vision field)

Answer 14

Which vessel is typically involved in

Epidural hematomas?

Question 15

Middle Meningeal artery

Answer 15

Which involves venous bleeding:

Subdural or Epidural hematoma?

Question 16

Subdural hematoma

Answer 16

Which are more rapidly evolving:

Subdural or Epidural hematomas?

Question 17

Epidural hematoma

Answer 17

The upper face is usually spared in

supranuclear or infranuclear palsy?

Question 18

Supranuclear palsy

Answer 18

What is the characteristic rash of Lyme

disease?

Question 19

Erythema chronicum migrans

Answer 19

What toxicity is associated with

mitoxantrone use?

Question 20

Cardiotoxicity

Answer 20

What medication should be avoided in

patients with the JC virus as it can lead to

progressive multifocal

leukoencephalopathy (PML)?

Question 21

Natalizumab

Answer 21

What are the 4 types of Multiple

Sclerosis (MS)?

Question 22

- Primary-progressive MS (PPMS)

- Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)

- Secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)

- Progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS)

Answer 22

What form of Multiple Sclerosis is

described here? "The most common

form, relapses occur and are followed by

remission."

Question 23

Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)

Answer 23

What type of Multiple Sclerosis is

described here? "Slowly progressing MS

with no periods of remission."

Question 24

Primary-progressive MS (PPMS)

Answer 24

What type of Multiple Sclerosis is

described here? "Develops in people

having a relapse of MS. Partial recoveries

do occur but the disease gets

progressively worse with each cycle."

Question 25

Secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)

Answer 25

What are 2 main causes that need to be

ruled out before proceeding with the

treatment of a patient with psychosis?

Question 26

Electrolyte abnormalities and infection

Answer 26

Which commonly prescribed

antipsychotic can exacerbate

Parkinsonian symptoms?

Question 27

Haloperidol

Answer 27

What dopamine receptor antagonist

medication is used to help with diabetic

gastroparesis?

Question 28

Metoclopramide

Answer 28

What are the four cardinal features of

Parkinson's disease?

Question 29

- Resting tremors

- Bradykinesia

- Rigidity

- Postural instability

Answer 29

What is the preferred treatment for

middle-aged patients with Parkinson's

disease?

Question 30

Pramipexole

Answer 30

What medication can be given in

conjunction with levodopa for

Parkinson's disease?

Question 31

Carbidopa (which prevents peripheral

conversion of levodopa to dopamine)

Answer 31

What is the likely diagnosis in a patient

with chronic lower back pain that

improves with leaning forward or

walking uphill?

Question 32

Spinal stenosis

Answer 32

What is the most likely diagnosis in a

patient with malignancy, new lower back

pain, leg weakness, paresthesias, and

loss of bowel or bladder control?

Question 33

Cord compression

Answer 33

What is the likely diagnosis in an obese

individual with chronic lower back pain

lacking inflammatory features?

Question 34

Degenerative disc disease (or

osteoarthritis)

Answer 34

What type of cancer is associated with

Eaton-Lambert syndrome?

Question 35

Small cell (or Oat cell) lung cancer

Answer 35

What reflexes are characteristically seen

in Eaton-Lambert syndrome?

Question 36

Decreased reflexes (hyporeflexia)

Answer 36

In myasthenia gravis, antibodies are

directed against which receptors?

Question 37

Post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors

Answer 37

What reflexes are characteristically seen

in patients with hypothyroidism?

Question 38

Delayed reflexes

Answer 38

What reflexes are characteristically seen

in patients with West Nile virus?

Question 39

Decreased reflexes (hyporeflexia)

Answer 39

What reflexes are characteristically seen

in subacute combined degeneration?

Question 40

Increased reflexes (hyperreflexia)

Answer 40

What is the most important goal within

the first 24 hours after t-PA

administration?

Question 41

Blood pressure control: <180mmHg

systolic and <105mmHg diastolic

Answer 41

In the first 24 hours after t-PA

administration, what

medications/interventions should be

avoided?

Question 42

Aspirin, Heparin, Coumadin, or any sort

of Feeding

Answer 42

What can uncontrolled hypertension

cause in a patient with ischemic stroke

given tissue plasminogen activator (t-

PA)?

Question 43

Transformation into hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 43

What are the clinical features typically

seen in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

Question 44

Progressive dementia and quick jerky

movements (myoclonus jerks) that are

exacerbated by loud noises

Answer 44

What are three major sources of

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

Question 45

Contaminated Corneal transplants,

Growth hormone or Surgical instruments

Answer 45

What EEG findings are expected in

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

Question 46

Slow background with intermittent sharp

waves present

Answer 46

Of the major forms of cancer, which is

least likely to lead to brain metastasis?

Question 47

Prostate cancer

Answer 47

In women, what is the most likely cancer

to spread to the brain parenchyma?

Question 48

Breast cancer

Answer 48

What area of the brain has a lesion in

locked-in syndrome?

Question 49

Lower brainstem, namely the pons area

Answer 49

What type of EEG results are expected in

a patient with locked-in syndrome?

Question 50

Normal EEG

Answer 50

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