International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology (vol 2 issue 2)

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

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Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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IJCCTJul–Dec 2016

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International Journal of Ceramics

and Ceramic Technology

International Journal of

Ceramics and Ceramic Technology

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager

ChairmanMr. Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director,JournalsPub,

New Delhi

Hidam Renubala

Ankita Singh

Deepika Bhadauria

Rekha Rani

Commissioning Editors

Dr. Chhavi Goel

Manisha Dhoble

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Dr. Subrat Kumar BarikAssistant Professor, Department of Physics

National Institute of Technology, Silchar, India

Mr. M. S. CharooMechanical Engineering Department,

National institute of Technology,Srinagar, India.

Er. Amarendra KUMAR DasEx Manager, S.A.I.L.,

India

Dr. M. JayasimhadriAssistant Professor Department of Applied

Physics Delhi Technological UniversityBawana Road, Delhi, India

Dr. Shripal Sharma Associate Professor in Physics

P.P.N.College, Kanpur U.P.,India

Bimal Prasad SinghCSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Dr. Rina SinghEnvironmental Science Division CSIR-CRRI,

New Delhi India

Dr. Jai SinghAssistant Professor Guest Editor RASE, Current

Nanoscience, Department of Physics,Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University,

Sagar, India

From the Editor's Desk

Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

journal, International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology. This journal is part

of the Material Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present ceramics and ceramic

technology issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the

validation of emerging technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Ceramics and Ceramic

Technology as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of

scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the analytical chemistry Science

community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area.

The core vision of International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology in Journals Pub is to

propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and

professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in analytical chemistry in

general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at

excellently, well-time & successfully.

International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology focuses on original high-quality research in the

realm of Advanced ceramics and ceramic-based composites, covers processing, characterization of

materials, Chemical ceramic technology, Electronic ceramics, Structural ceramics, Bio ceramics, Ceramic

raw materials, Process ceramics, Energy engineering & furnaces, Physical ceramics and Refractories.

The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of analytical

chemistry and solutions in the area.

Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the analytical chemistry

community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an

innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new

developments in the field of analytical chemistry.

This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we

would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the

editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for analytical chemistry readers

and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of analytical chemistry.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Atomic Magnetic Resonance and FTIR Structural Studies on Borosilicate Glasses Gunjan Arora 1

2. Maintenance Policies and Its Selection in Ceramic Industry Mohit Kundru 4

3. Role of Ceramics in Sanitary Development of Rural AreasRahul Tulli 7

4. Plastic Recycling ProcessVarun Nagpal, Smita Satapathy 9

5. Ethyl Acetate and Its Production ProcessK. Vijyalaxmi 14

Contents

IJCCT (2016) 1–3 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Atomic Magnetic Resonance and FTIR Structural Studies on

Borosilicate Glasses

Gunjan Arora* Glass Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ramjas College, Delhi University

ABSTRACT

Auxiliary assurance for borosilicate glasses with a high substance of (Fe2O3) was done by

FTIR spectroscopy, where both 11B and 29Si MAS NMR are unimaginable in view of the

high amounts of paramagnetic iron (III) species display. NMR investigation was performed

on borosilicate glasses containing up to 7 mol% Fe2O3 and the N4 values got by FTIR

spectroscopy concur inside blunder with the 11B NMR consequences of a similar glass tests.

Fe2O3 is a primary glass modifier in the low-Fe2O3-content locale (≤6 mol%). On other

hand, it assumes the part of glass previous at higher substance of Fe2O3. Expanding both N4

of boron tetrahedral units and concoction move of silicon cores to reach maxima at 5 mol%

Fe2O3 affirms the part of Fe2O3 as a glass modifier in the low organization district.

Keywords: atom, FTIR, glass

INTRODUCTION

Ternary and quaternary borosilicate

glasses (BSG) have a developed

assortment of modern significance

because of their diverse sorts of

utilizations. They have been utilized as

fixing segments. For instance, some of

glass pieces have been just utilized as

sealants in TV tubes or globule lights.

Then again, expanding accomplishments

of microelectronics and new requests

requires new sorts of glasses. Late studies

have focused on borosilicate glasses,

which have been created as sealants,

especially, for liquid carbonate power

devices (MCFC). In view of the

innovative favorable circumstances, these

glasses have for some time been the

subject of basic studies, utilizing

distinctive methods, including 29Si and

11B MAS NMR and FTIR spectroscopy

to offer a quantitative examination of

various auxiliary units shaping the glass

arrange. The structure of borosilicate

glasses depends on Qn [SiO4] units, where

n is the quantity of connecting oxygen

molecules per tetrahedron, and [BO3] and

[BO4] units. The [BO3] units are triangle

boron in both ring and non-ring

arrangement, while [BO4] ones are boron

iotas in tetrahedral coordination. The

oxygen iotas can be clung to one boron

and three silicons (1B, 3Si) or four silicon

particles (0B, 4Si) and have a Na+ particle

as a charge compensator [1–10].

EXPERIMENTAL

Sample Preparation

The adapted borosilicate glasses were

made by melting batches in alumina

crucibles at a temperature ranging from

1150 to 1256°C depending on

composition. Then the melt was

quenching over a stainless steel plate. The

batches were prepared from reagent grade

SiO2, H3BO3, Na2CO3, Al2O3 and Fe2O3.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance All things were measured with GSX-1000

high-resolution solid-state MAS NMR

IJCCT (2016) 4–6 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 4


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Maintenance Policies and Its Selection in Ceramic Industry

Mohit Kundru* Department of Chemical Science, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT

Accessibility of plant and gear at unsurpassed is relevant to modern development and

improvement of any country. One of the approaches to accomplish this is to give enough

thoughtfulness regarding the prerequisite of upkeep in the pre-venture/buy of hardware

stage. This paper in this way, endeavors to inspect the upkeep strategy and plant/hardware

choice from specialized, financial and ecological points of view. Along these lines, upkeep

approaches in this setting are the standards, principles and methods utilized as a part of

selecting plant/gear.

Keywords: equipment, maintenance policies, plant

INTRODUCTION

As per IEEE/PES Task Force (2001),

Maintenance is characterized as a

movement "wherein an un-fizzled gadget

has, every once in a while, its crumbling

captured, lessened or wiped out" [1]. This

might be a piece of an arranged program

or can be done at short notice after a

breakdown. It generally includes

nonroutine exercises and can be utilized to

know those presented to a scope of

dangers.

The disintegration or decay of a plant or

gear decides its advantage esteem

(condition), time, support and unwavering

quality. The points of plant and hardware

upkeep are to avoid issues emerging, put

blames right and guarantee gear works

successfully. For instance, The Provision

and Use of Work Equipment Regulations

(1998) require for work hardware and

plant to be kept up and the support

operation to be done securely [2].

Mechanical advancement in the creating

nations has not recorded expected obvious

change throughout the years. Support of

plant and hardware has additionally

endured. This could be traceable to

underestimations of upkeep and

nonrecognition of its gainful capacity

opposite lacking consideration given to

prerequisite of support in the

prespeculation/buy of hardware stage. In

developing the mechanical part

consequently, the issue of accessibility of

plant and hardware must take the middle

stage.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of maintenance policy

consideration for plant and equipment

selection are:

(i) Accessibility of plant and gear at all

circumstances

(ii) Plant and gear's ideal execution

(iii)Reduction in upkeep cost

(iv)To control against misfortunes

(v) Occupational wellbeing and security

Choice of Technology

The need to brag plant/hardware

profitability is exceptionally essential to

any generation procedure. Innovation

without a doubt assumes a noteworthy part

IJCCT (2016) 7-8 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 7


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Role of Ceramics in Sanitary Development of Rural Areas

Rahul Tulli* Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee College of Engineering and Management, Noida, India

ABSTRACT

Even today, many developing nations are still facing the problems of achieving the basic

needs in rural region such as food, hygiene, sanitation, education, health, etc. Usually the

maintenance of waste disposal and sanitation systems is the responsibility of the home owner.

But due to their negligence, proper onsite sanitation is a big failure with resulting

environmental and public health implications. With the help of construction management and

appropriate planning, it can be improved.

Keywords: construction management, rural area problems, rural sanitation

INTRODUCTION

Sheltered and fitting transfer of human

waste is an essential prerequisite for

sanitation and general wellbeing insurance.

Sanitation is a fundamental need required

to tackle survival issues. Be that as it may,

it is untenable and mind blowing under all

circumstances [1]. Sterile improvement not

just accomplishes the consummation of

fundamental needs of provincial district

additionally lessens the air contamination.

Nearby people group have generally been

included in affirming framework plan,

more dynamic contribution in

development and support is required. Just

by getting to be distinctly required in the

investigation and routine support of these

frameworks a group can guarantee their

legitimate operation.

Towards this heading, Government of

India additionally focused truly. With the

assistance of different plans and offices,

for example, legitimate arranging of

execution and development in country

area, suitable rules, it has attempted to

accomplish answers for issues of

sanitation. It has been accomplished by

conveying the learning about cleaning,

employments of toilets, duty regarding

ecological and government plans among

the villagers [2, 3].

AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE

STUDY

The point of this review is to discover the

issues existing between sanitation

advancement and rustic locale. With the

assistance of development administration

and its different viewpoints, for example,

material administration, wellbeing,

support, and individuals' mindfulness,

arranging about the execution of sanitation

advancement in country locale is being

embraced.

SCOPE OF THE WORK

The extent of the work is to gather the data

from genuine site condition and

circumstance of country locale where

individuals are as yet confronting the

issues about sanitation framework. Gather

the information identified with the

advancement and change of sanitation

framework. What's more, with the

assistance of development administration

attempt to decrease the issue in sanitation

advancement in provincial area by



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Plastic Recycling Process

Varun Nagpal*, Smita Satapathy Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar,

India

ABSTRACT

Reusing is referred to the vast majority as an action in household squander division with

enormous budgetary advantages. In any case, material recovery streams at many scales

assume essential parts in various businesses. The waste created from the plastic is a colossal

a few, in which polyethylene is 34% of aggregate plastic waste. So it is profoundly significant

to choose the best plastic reusing process. Fluffy AHP is a manufactured expansion of

established AHP strategy when the fluffiness of the chiefs is considered. This article presents

another approach which goes for a more practical displaying by applying fluffy values in the

combined examinations and for the positioning of reusing technique. Selecting the best

plastic reusing procedure is a requesting errand as it involves a few criteria and properties.

Keywords: fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, recycling, plastic, waste management

INTRODUCTION

Waste is the issue of the entire world

which not just builds the land fill

furthermore expands the extraction of

crude materials; so one must invest

exertion with a specific end goal to explain

the world's assets. The items that we go

over in our everyday life like, plastic water

bottles, utensils, fast food utensils, plastic

sacks, staple packs, mugs, prescription

holder utensils, are the utilization of

plastics. As the utilization of plastic has

expanded in the course of the most recent

couple of years it has turned into a bigger

part of the metropolitan strong waste

(MSW) stream developing from under 1

percent in 1960 to around 19 percent in

2014.

The advantage of reusing is, plastic which

is considered as waste will be utilized as a

part of assembling new items and the top

most favorable position is reusing of one

ton plastic recoveries 7.4 cubic yards of

landfill space. For the distinguishing proof

of the sorts of plastic exceptional

recognizable proof are set apart in the

plastic that is triangle of bolts with number

running from 1 to 7 (composed by the

general public of the plastic business) so it

is peaceful advantageous for the customer

and recycler the plastic reasonable for

reusing. Reusing assumes an essential part

in the decrease in contamination, shielding

earth from land fill, successful usage of the

waste furthermore diminishment in the

crude material extraction. Reusing

incorporates innovative headways and

multifaceted globalization arrangements

for the maintainable improvement of

nation.

Recycling is a value addition process

which brings tremendous importance and

benefits to manufacturers. The concept of

recycling is being in a whole new level as

it is accepting re-engineering, product

recovery and certain other modernized

methods. The concept of recycling is just

the opposite of supply chain management.



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Ethyl Acetate and Its Production Process

K. Vijyalaxmi* Department of Chemical Engineering, Bapatla Engineering College (Autonomous), Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT

In this review, the outline and control of ethyl acetic acid derivation generation plant has

been researched. The proposed configuration comprises of a ceaseless mixed tank reactor

and two refining segments. Ethanol responds with acidic corrosive and gives ethyl acetic acid

derivation and water. Far reaching operability and control of the whole procedure plant with

decentralized controllers is clarified by doing both enduring state and element recreations.

Plate temperature control circle execution is tried for the second refining segment. From the

consequences of element reenactment, the proposed control system performs exceptionally

well in dismissing different aggravations while keeping up the ethyl acetic acid derivation

item virtue with a settling time of under 5 h. Warm combinations are performed by utilizing

Aspen Energy Analyzer. Air, medium weight (MP) steam and low weight (LP) steam icy and

hot utilities was proposed to trade warm with the procedure streams. The warmth trade was

incorporated into a current warmth exchanger arrange (HEN), and the mix was broke down

utilizing squeeze examination. After investigation utilizing retrofit concentrates an option

HEN is proposed to spare the vitality. The new retrofit HEN is accomplished by including

two new warmth exchangers and the payback time frame reported is 0.85 years which is

short of what one year which demonstrates it is a productive outline.

Keywords: dynamic simulation, plant-wide operability, steady state simulation

INTRODUCTION

Ethyl acetic acid derivation has wide

mechanical applications; it is utilized as a

dissolvable as a part of printing inks,

varnishes and auto mind chemicals and in

the generation of polishes, plastics and

elastic. It is additionally utilized as a part

of nourishment industry in the planning of

manufactured natural product

embodiments, flavors and aromas. In the

pharmaceutical business it plays a vital

part in extracting for the focus and

filtration of anti-infection agents. It is

likewise utilized as a middle of the road as

a part of the fabrication of different

medications. A few generation procedures

are accessible in open writing [1–11]. It is

viewed as one of the slightest poisonous of

mechanical natural solvents. It is both

exceedingly compelling and effectively

softened up both air and water. In

perspective of these, the generation ought

to have as less toxicological impacts as

could be allowed to minimize atmosphere

affect. Presenting the all-inclusive control

ideas [12–15] in industry decreases the

outflows in the meantime it enhances the

item yield, quality [16–18] and in the

meantime financial aspects of the plant

enhanced [19–21]. Retrofit examinations

were performed for the procedure plants

utilizing Aspen Energy Analyzer [22, 23]

to get beneficial outlines. Remembering

the market viewpoint and issues of its

toxicological impacts on indigenous

habitat an efficient expansive control

structure was created for the generation of

ethyl acetic acid derivation. The created

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

E-mail: [email protected]

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...2 more...

5 more...

Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

5 more...4 more...

3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

5 more... 4 more...

Subm

it

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Article 2

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IJCCTJul–Dec 2016

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International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology (vol 2 issue 2)