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From the Editor's Desk

Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

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Nanobiopharmaceutics, Nanobiomechanics, Nanomedicine, Bio-induced, Nanopatterning, Nanocrystals

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It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Nanobiotechnology readers

and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Nanobiotechnology.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Biosynthesis, Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Using M. indica Leaf Extract and Their Anticancer Activity Nabeel Ahmad, Syed Mohd. Danish Rizvi, Nitin Sahai, Rajiv Dutta 1

2. Nanofinishing of HDPE/Al2O3/HAp Ternary Composite-Based Acetabular Socket Using Polymer Rheological Abrasive Semisolid Medium Mamilla Ravi Sankar, Deepak Taye, M. Manohar, Debasish Sarkar, Bikramjit Basu 5

3. Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetite BionanocompositeMonika Sharma, Gaurav Mehra 9

4. Editorial Review: Go Green – Sustainable NanomaterialsSachi Saxena 13

5. Blend of Biocompatible Magnesium Oxide Nanomolecule and Its Anticancer Action Against Human Colon Cell LineY.J. Jeba Jane Ratney, S. Begila David 15

Contents

IJN (2016) 1–4 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Nanobiotechnology eISSN: 2456-0111

Vol. 2: Issue 2 www.journalspub.com

Biosynthesis, Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Using M.

indica Leaf Extract and Their Anticancer Activity

Nabeel Ahmad1, Syed Mohd. Danish Rizvi2, Nitin Sahai3, Rajiv Dutta4* 1Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput

Moradabad, UP, India 2Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India

3Department of Biomedical Engineering, North eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India 4Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India

ABSTRACT

The present study involves the novel approach for the synthesis of nanomaterial holds infinite possibilities as nanotechnology has a major impact on medicine and its application. Leaf extract of Mangifera indica is a very good bioreductant for gold chloride (HAuCl4·4H2O) which leads to the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Leaf extract of Mangifera indica was mixed with gold chloride (HAuCl4·4H2O) and UV–Vis spectroscopy was used to detect the synthesis of nanoparticles. TEM and FESEM were used for size, shape and structural morphology of synthesized nanoparticles. Synthesized gold nanoparticles were in range of less than ~75 nm and hexagonal in shape. The gold nanoparticles also showed potent cytotoxic effect against A549 lung cancer cell lines with an IC 50 value of 59 μg/ml/24 h by the MTT assay. Keywords: biosynthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity gold chloride, nanotechnology INTRODUCTION Current development in nanotechnology lead to the fabrication of engineered metallic nanoparticles those are capable and applicable towards human development. Metallic nanoparticles have been shown to reveal unusual properties that they didn’t exhibit in their bulk in form. Because of these singular properties, nanoparticles applications are being researched extensively and these materials are edging the conventional materials in various purposes across wide range of disciplines. Metallic nanoparticles such as gold, silver, copper and zinc are being used as catalysts, chemical and biological sensors in several biomedical applications. In medicine, they are likely to be applied as antimicrobial, antifungal and as drug delivery agents. Metallic nanoparticles are

the most promising because of their high surface to volume ratio.[1–3] Several methods like physical and chemicals are available for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles but they are very hazardous, toxic, costly vacuum system, environment containment and time taking process.[4] Thus, the green synthesis bioprocess is much needed and hence has been finding widespread interest. The biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles from corresponding metals carries out several routes like plant extracts, enzymes and using micro- organisms. The potential of plants to synthesis nanoparticles have featured excitingly very large toward the increased of natural nano-factories.[5,6] This remarkable development has brought an insight among researchers for




Biosynthesis, Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Using M.

indica Leaf Extract and Their Anticancer Activity

Nabeel Ahmad1, Syed Mohd. Danish Rizvi2, Nitin Sahai3, Rajiv Dutta4* 1Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput

Moradabad, UP, India 2Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India

3Department of Biomedical Engineering, North eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India 4Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India

ABSTRACT

The present study involves the novel approach for the synthesis of nanomaterial holds infinite possibilities as nanotechnology has a major impact on medicine and its application. Leaf extract of Mangifera indica is a very good bioreductant for gold chloride (HAuCl4·4H2O) which leads to the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Leaf extract of Mangifera indica was mixed with gold chloride (HAuCl4·4H2O) and UV–Vis spectroscopy was used to detect the synthesis of nanoparticles. TEM and FESEM were used for size, shape and structural morphology of synthesized nanoparticles. Synthesized gold nanoparticles were in range of less than ~75 nm and hexagonal in shape. The gold nanoparticles also showed potent cytotoxic effect against A549 lung cancer cell lines with an IC 50 value of 59 μg/ml/24 h by the MTT assay. Keywords: biosynthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity gold chloride, nanotechnology INTRODUCTION Current development in nanotechnology lead to the fabrication of engineered metallic nanoparticles those are capable and applicable towards human development. Metallic nanoparticles have been shown to reveal unusual properties that they didn’t exhibit in their bulk in form. Because of these singular properties, nanoparticles applications are being researched extensively and these materials are edging the conventional materials in various purposes across wide range of disciplines. Metallic nanoparticles such as gold, silver, copper and zinc are being used as catalysts, chemical and biological sensors in several biomedical applications. In medicine, they are likely to be applied as antimicrobial, antifungal and as drug delivery agents. Metallic nanoparticles are

the most promising because of their high surface to volume ratio.[1–3] Several methods like physical and chemicals are available for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles but they are very hazardous, toxic, costly vacuum system, environment containment and time taking process.[4] Thus, the green synthesis bioprocess is much needed and hence has been finding widespread interest. The biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles from corresponding metals carries out several routes like plant extracts, enzymes and using micro- organisms. The potential of plants to synthesis nanoparticles have featured excitingly very large toward the increased of natural nano-factories.[5,6] This remarkable development has brought an insight among researchers for




Nanofinishing of HDPE/Al2O3/HAp Ternary Composite-Based Acetabular Socket Using Polymer Rheological Abrasive Semisolid

Medium

Mamilla Ravi Sankar1*, Deepak Taye2, M. Manohar3, Debasish Sarkar4, Bikramjit Basu5 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Management and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India

3Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Thiruvananthapuram, India 4Department of Ceramic Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India

5Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, India

ABSTRACT

Acetabular socket is one of the important parts of the hip joint. The surface roughness in the acetabular socket decides the friction and wear during the motion of the human. Low surface roughness in the acetabular socket gives free motion of hip joint as well as high joint life. Nano surface roughness on the inner surface of acetabular socket also reduce the particles generation during the dynamic motion between hip joint head and socket as well as increases the bearing area between two components. Complete metal or ceramics leads to brittle fracture on extreme loads as well as sound generation when there is dynamic motion between them. Thus, polymer-ceramic composites came into existence. In the current work, high density polyethylene/Alumina/Hydroxyapatite (HDPE/Al2O3/HAp) based polymer ceramic composite acetabular socket is fabricated using spark plasma sintering. Finishing of this polymer-ceramic composite is big challenge as hardness variation between polymer and ceramic is too high. So, conventional finishing processes (Ex. Grinding etc.) are not suitable because it exerts high finishing forces which might permanently damage the component. Hence, in the current research work, HDPE/Al2O3/HAp based polymer-ceramic acetabular socket is finished to nano scale using polymer rheological abrasive semisolid medium (medium). Since this medium is semi solid to liquid based viscoelastic in nature and exert low finishing forces (<5 N). This polymer rheological abrasive semisolid medium can able to finish the acetabular socket with average initial surface roughness of about 4.00 µm to 0.45 µm. Thus it enhances the comfort and life of acetabular socket. Keywords: bioimplants, nanobiotechnolohy, polymers INTRODUCTION Bio implants are 3-D sculptured complex surfaces that required nano surface finish to perform the desired physical and biological functions efficiently. In present research work, an attempt has been made to improve the morphology of complex HDPE/Al2O3/HAp hip joint acetabular

socket by polymer rheological abrasive medium. During compression moulding process of HDPE/Al2O3/HAp acetabular socket, mould surface roughness, input processing parametres, materials heterogeneity affects surface roughness on acetabular socket.[1–3] But the acetabular socket in side surface




Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetite Bionanocomposite

Monika Sharma*, Gaurav Mehra Chemistry Department, Jaypee Institute of Technology, Noida, India

ABSTRACT

It is a one pot synthesis of hybrid bionanocomposite comprising of inorganic magnetite with stabilizer biopolymer pectin and alginate in co-precipitation method using sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide as precipitating agents. A lot of comparison and investigation has been done in particle size of nanocomposite by changing the stoichiometric ratio of both magnetite and bio polymer concentration and drying condition of composite. The nanocomposite has been characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and (UV-analyzer). SEM showed particle size of the nanocomposite and FTIR data confirmed the COO-Fe linkage between polymer COOH group and Fe3O4. Keywords: alginate, biopolymer, nanocomposite, pectin INTRODUCTION The current and growing interest of nanotechnology results a lot of numerous potential application such as material development, biomedical sciences, electronic, optics, magnetism, energy storage and electrochemistry [1–6]. Superparamagnetic nanocomposite is an important class of advanced nanomaterial. Nano sized material display properties that differ from their respective bulk material [7]. Magnetic nanomaterials are one of important and interesting classes because of their current and potential is biological, biomedical and environmental application. Due to low toxicity, biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness and high surface area to volume ratio as function of particle size, when combined with their ability for surface chemical modification, represent major advantages compared to other nanoparticle [3, 8–11]. Magnetite and maghemite are two main form of iron oxide nanoparticle with diverse applications. Magnetite nanoparticle size less than 20nm are regarded as

superparamagnetic as each particle is composed of a single domain. The successful approaches to the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticle uses capping/ stabilization agents which may be a simple molecule or polymeric material. Among the polymeric capping agents, biopolymer like pectin, chitosan, alginate, zein and chitin are special interest due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Pectin and alginate are complex polysaccharide that contain 1,4-α-D-galucturanic acid [12]. Pectin has a very complex structure that depends on both its source and extraction process. Its properties depend on degree of esterification [13]. Pectin has been used extensively in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and biomedical industries for their gel forming properties in the presence of multivalent cations. Pectin is biodegradable, biocompatible, and bioactive [14]. Pectin also contains the hydroxyl group which enhances the chemical properties and COOH group which binds Fe3O4 with coordinate


International Journal of Nanobiotechnology eISSN 2546-0111


Editorial Review: Go Green – Sustainable Nanomaterials

Sachi Saxena* Department of Chemistry, LPU, India

ABSTRACT

The field of nanoscience has experienced a staggering number of advances in recent years with regards to a wide range of disciplines including physics, chemistry, materials science, biology and medicine. Although most of these are still closely related to laboratory practices and yet far from entrepreneurial activities, many of these nanomaterials are currently commercially available (e.g. silica nanowires, silicon wafers, carbon nanotubes, graphene and derivatives) and have paved the way to enormous developments in the preparation of functional nanomaterials for various applications.

Keywords: carbon nanotubes, nanomaterials

INTRODUCTION Generally speaking, environment and sustainable considerations around the synthetic protocols currently in place for the fabrication of nanoentities are scarce and nanosafety procedures in terms of toxicity, handling of nanomaterials and their environmental impact are still not yet sufficiently developed (in the available cases) [1, 2]. Considering the synthesis of some of these nanomaterials, protocols often involve high temperatures and pressures, the use of hazardous reagents and/or solvents or include little details to be accounted for in terms of environmental considerations (e.g. environmental impact, green metrics, handling risks, toxicity). Taking into account the essentially different nature and properties (often unknown) of such nanoentities, an increasing number of restrictions, handling practices and safety procedures are currently present in several laboratories and working places in which nanomaterials are handled on a daily basis [3,4].

A complete set of new and updated information on characteristics and properties (as well as risks and toxicity issues in their manipulation) is truly needed to better understand and establish the most acceptable working practices for nanotechnologies. However, a benign by design concept should be promoted in all nano-related practices, aiming to target the development of future sustainable nanoprotocols and environmentally compatible nanomaterials [5,6]. This editorial contribution advocates for more thoughtful and carefully design methodologies that take into account environmentally sound protocols for nanomaterials development. These should range from low temperature ambient pressure methods, avoidance of hazardous chemicals, solvent-free protocols to alternative greener technologies such as mechanochemistry-ball milling [7], microwave irradiation [2,8,9] and sonication [10] as well as life cycle and risks assessments (whenever possible and appropriate) [11] to analyze and considerate toxicity, risks and




Blend of Biocompatible Magnesium Oxide Nanomolecule and Its Anticancer Action Against Human Colon Cell Line

Y.J. Jeba Jane Ratney*, S. Begila David

Department of Chemistry, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT Metal oxides occupy a critical part in numerous zones of science, and material science. Metal oxide nano materials are vital and fantastic materials. Present work concentrated on to union of MgO nanoparticle by Green technique utilizing [6]-gingerol, were subjected to sub-atomic docking ponders for the restraint of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) protein is viewed as a significant focus for disease treatment. In silico expectation utilizing a docking approach uncovered that LTA4H may be a potential focus of MgO np utilizing [6]-gingerol. It stifles safe haven autonomous tumor cell development by restraining LTA4H action in HT 29 colorectal disease cells. All things considered, these discoveries show a critical part of LTA4H in malignancy furthermore bolster the anticancer adequacy of MgO np utilizing [6]-gingerol focusing of LTA4H for the counteractive action of colorectal disease. The actuation space of LTA4H docked with the MgO np utilizing [6]-gingerol demonstrated the docking scoring of –218.92, Kcal.mol-1. The outcomes uncovered that MgO np utilizing [6]-gingerol is considered as a decent inhibitor of LTA4H. The incorporated Magnesium oxide nanoparticles have been described by auxiliary, optical, warm, and indicated powerful cytotoxic impact against HT29 colon growth cell line with in IC50 estimation of 25 µg/ml by the MTT assay. The present study shows the green incorporated Magnesium oxide nanoparticle is utilized noteworthy higher anticancer movement. From the outcomes got it is recommended that the green combined MgO nanoparticle which is a compelling anticancer specialist. Keywords: cytotoxic effect, [6]-gingerol, LTA4H, metal oxides, nontoxic nature INTRODUCTION Nanoparticles have same properties like hydrobhobic, photograph synergist, steadiness and so forth as opposed to mass materials. They are utilized as coatings, impetuses, hostile to bacterial, therapeutic sciences, sensors, semiconductors, capacitors and batteries. So a large portion of the analysts are working with metal oxide nanoparticles [1]. MgO nanoparticle is a useful material. It is broadly utilized as a part of different range which is found to have great bactericidal execution in fluid situations because of the arrangement of superoxide O2-suface [2, 3]. It serves as

an impetus, harmful waste remediation, paint, hostile to bacterial movement [4, 5]. Magnesium is II A gathering component with the nuclear number 12 and oxygen is V1 A gathering component with the nuclear number 8. Plants and their concentrates give an organic amalgamation course of a few metallic nano molecule which are more eco-friendly [6]. Plant removes assume a crucial part in green combination of nano particles [7]. Developing green strategies

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Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

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Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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NanobiotechnologyJul–Dec 2016 IJN

eISSN: 2456-0111

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