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Introduction To Ruminant Digestion
By Joey Martin
http://35.9.122.184/images/41-AnimalNutrition
Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com
Common Ruminants
• Cattle• Sheep• Goat
»http://www.horsells-farm.co.uk/images/Large/hay_straw.jpg
Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com
Digestive Tract of Ruminants
http://blogs.zdnet.com/emergingtech/?m=20050903Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com
http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/feedlamb/mag1.htm
Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com
Digestion • Ruminants: Have a four compartment
stomach vs. one of the monogastric (ex. humans, pigs)
• The four compartments are: RUMEN, RETICULUM, OMASUM, ABOMASUM.
• The stomach of a ruminant occupies ¾ of the abdominal cavity
Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com
Rumen
• This is the first compartment of a ruminant animal. Most feed collects here after being swallowed. Cellulose is broken down here with the help of rumen microbes.
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/livestocksystems/components/DI0469-02.html
Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com
Rumen
1. On left side of the animal2. Largest part of the stomach, makes up
80% of the stomach3. Lighter feed collects here (cellulose)4. Absorbs nutrients 5. Requires a lot of water
Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com
Reticulum
• Second compartment of the stomach• There are many folds and its nickname is
honeycomb
http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab21/Lab21.htm
Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com
Reticulum
1. Hardware stomach-Traps any foreign material that the animal may picks up. It is very thick and therefore harder to damage. Stores foreign objects so that damaging items do not go through the digestive tract.
2. Honeycomb shape3. Helps open and close rumen, makes up 5% of
the stomach4. Absorbs nutrients
Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com
Omasum
• Third chamber of the stomach • Nicknamed manyplies
http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab21/Lab21.htm
Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com
Omasum
1. Right side of animal, makes up 8% of the stomach
2. Called manyplies because it looks like pages of a book
3. Absorbs nutrients
Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com
Abomasum
• Fourth compartment of the stomach • Where true digestion occurs
Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com
Abomasum
1. On right side of animal, 8% of stomach2. Enzyme activity breaks down feed3. Nickname: True stomach
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Small Intestine• Upper part of the intestine where
digestion is complete and nutrients are absorbed into the body
1. Long in length, about 150 feet long2. Aids in further digestion after feed goes through
the stomach
http://www.bioschool.co.uk/bioschool.co.uk
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Large Intestine
• Goes from the ileum to the anus and includes the cecum, colon, and rectum.
1. Absorbs water2. Some vitamins and minerals are also absorbed
here
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Aids in Nutrient Absorption
• Rumen Microbes- Bacteria or protozoa live in stomach and help breakdown feed
http://res2.agr.ca/lethbridge/emia/TEMproj/rumenbac_e.htm
Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com
Aids in Nutrient Absorption
• Saliva- helps protect the stomach by acting as a buffer. Contains alkaline which helps maintain the rumen microbial.
• Pancreas- helps breakdown fat by secreting enzymes.
• Liver- Contains bile which helps digest fat.
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Keys for Digestion
• Nutrients: Digestion helps animals obtain nutrients from their feed. This is important for many reasons:– Growth– Maintenance – Production (making of
milk)– Reproduction
http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/results.
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Nutrients Needed
• Fats (lipids)• Protein• Carbohydrates• Vitamins• Minerals• Water
http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/results
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THAT’S ALL FOLKS Table of content1. Dr. Stan Henderson DSCI 121 Elements of Dairying
Henderson S. 2004. Elemints of Dairying lecture notes2. http://www.glenroseffa.org/lesson%20plans.htm
Compilation: AECD, California || For more veterinary stuff visit www.techyvety.com