Upload
erin-nash
View
10.810
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
This PowerPoint is used as an introduction to animals characteristics in my High School Honors Zoology Class.
Citation preview
*List as many characteristics as you
can that define something as an
“ANIMAL”...
CHARACTERISTICS of ANIMALS
*to be an “animal” it must:
MOVE
MULTICELLULAR
EAT (use energy)
“BREATHE”
GROW
REPRODUCE
RESPOND to a STIMULUS
STORE ENERGY as GLYCOGEN
?????????
MOTILE:
*the ability to MOVE
by...
“limbs” = walking
“fins” = swimming
“wings” = flying
“false foot” = ??? (pseudopod)
WHEN did animals 1st
appear on Earth?:
700-800 M.Y. ago
VERTEBRATESvs.
INVERTEBRATES
*presence of a backbone
RADIAL SYMMETRY =>“circular”
starfish, jellyfish, marine worms
tend to be slow
Have a TOP or “DORSAL” surface
have a BOTTOM or “VENTRAL” surface
“ventral”
“dorsal”
BILATERAL SYMMETRY =>
fast-moving
also have “dorsal” & “ventral” side
•Has an ANTERIOR or “front”•has a POSTERIOR or “back”
•has a “left” & “right”
*more complex/ advanced than radials
EGG
+ SPERM = ZYGOTE
ZYGOTE
“cleavage”
ZYGOTEetc...
BLASTULA
ZYGOTEetc...
*certain cells move inward
GASTRULA
“ectoderm”
“blastopore”
“endoderm”
*D E U TE R O S TO M E S :(blastopore ---> anus)
*P R O TO S TO M E S :( b la s t o p o r e - - - > m o u t h )
3 c e ll la y e r s f o r m in most
a n im a ls :* ENDODERM (inner)
-dig. tract, resp. system
* MESODERM (middle)-circ. system, muscles, rep. system, exc. system
* ECTODERM (outer)-skin, nerves, sense organs
I. HYDROSTATIC skeleton:
*muscles that surround & are supported by water
(roundworms & earthworms)
II. EXOSKELETON:* “hard shell”… muscles att. to the inside of shell
(insects & crustaceans)
* limits mobility & growth
III. ENDOSKELETON:* rigid framework inside an animal (protects less)
(vertebrates/humans)* allows movement & growth
I. MOST PRIMITIVE*A cavity where food is partially digested before moved into cells to complete the process
(flatworms)
II. MEDIUM SOPH.*a two-way digestive system*digested & undigested food mix
(cnidarians)
III. ADVANCED*food takes a one-way path*w/ special cells to absorb nutrients
(fish)
*Nearly ALL animals are capable of sexual reproduction.
hermaphrodite
*An animal w/ fully functioning male & female rep. structures is a:
(An advantage for members of small populations that seldom encounter
others of the same sp.)
*timed gamete production*
Asexual
sexual
Numbers of Living Species of Animals in each Phylum There are over one million species of animals that have been described. Some biologists estimate that up to 50 million more remain to be discovered. Of those that have been described, approximately 86% are insects . About 300,000 species are beetles (order Coleoptera ). The numbers of described species in each phylum of animals (other than the insects ) are shown below. Note that these are only rough estimates . The estimates from other sources may vary considerably.
PHYLUM Numbers of Living Species of Animals (exclusive of insects) No. Sp ecies
Arthropoda 97,000
Mollusca 50,000
Vertebrata 47,000
Protozoa 35,000
Platyhelminthes 20,000
Annelida 15,000
Nematoda 12,000*
Porifera 9,000
Cnidaria 9,000
Echinodermata 7,000
Ectoprocta 4,500
Uro chordata 3,000
Rotifera 1,800
Nemertea | 900
Acanthocephala | 700
Gastrotricha | 450
Tardigrada | 400
Sipuncula | 250
Nematamorpha | 230
Kinorhyncha | 150
Species Interactions - Symbiosis
• Mutualism - both species benefit from the relationship
Species Interactions - Symbiosis
• Commensalism - one species benefits from the relationship while the other is not affected
Species Interactions - Symbiosis
• Parasitism - one species benefits from the relationship while the other is harmed
Entoprocta | 150
Pogonophora | 135
Echiura | 135
Chaetognatha | 100
Ctenophora | 100
Mesozoa | 100
Hemichordata | 85
Onycophora | 80
Gnathostomulida | 80
Cephalochordata | 23
Phoronida | 15
Priapula | 15
Loricifera | 9+
Vestimentifera | 8
Placozoa | 1
* There are probably many more species that are yet undescribed
*The End*