Introduction to Research Paper

Purpose

• Students will write a comprehensive research essay on a person who has made a positive change in the world.

People• Harriet Tubman• Frederick Douglass• Gandhi• Nelson Mandela• Chinua Sugihara• Elie Wiesel• Oskar Schindlar• Martin Luther King• Rosa Parks• Jackie Robinson• Roberto Clemente• Caesar Chavez• Jane Goodall• Temple Grandin

• Each one of these individuals has change the world through their actions.

• Your purpose in writing your paper is to explain what change they made and how it has impacted the world we live in today.

Historical Context

• Everyone is influenced by the time period they live in. We dress, speak, and act a certain way because of the time period that we live in.

• The same is true for the people that you will write your paper about.– Abolitionist Movement– Apartheid– World War II/ Holocaust– American Civil Rights Movement– Labor/ Immigration Movement

Abolitionist Movement

• Started to become popular in the 1830’s because of the “Second Great Awakening” (a religious movement)

• Abolitionists wanted the immediate emancipation (freedom) and the end of racial discrimination and segregation

• The movement contributed to the tensions between North and South which led to the American Civil War (1861-1865)

Famous Abolitionists

• Sojourner Truth• Harriet Beecher Stowe• John Brown

• Harriet Tubman• Frederick Douglass

Harriet Tubman1820-1913

Conductor on the “Underground Railroad” – a secret system developed to help slaves escape from the South

Born into slavery. She escaped and helped more than 300 slaves Escape to freedom.

In her lifetime she was a Civil War Nurse,Suffragist, and Civil Rights Activist

“Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember you have within you the strength, and the passion to reach for the stars to change the world.”

Frederick Douglass1818-1895

African-American Social Reformer, orator, and statesman

He was a born into slavery, sold Several times.

He was taught to read by a slave owner’s wifeThen he taught other slaves to read

He was responsiblefor the EmancipationProclamation

Escaped to freedom in 1838

Believed in equal rightsOf all people

“People might not get all they work for in this world, but they most certainly work for what they get.”

Apartheid

• A system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced by law

• Began in 1948 and ended in 1994• The rights of the majority black population was

limited by the Afrikaner (white) minority• Legislation classified people into four racial

groups: “black”, “white”, “coloured”, and “Indian” – both Indian and coloured were further divided into sub classification

Apartheid (cont.)

• Between 1960-1983 – 3.5 million non-white South Africans were moved into segregated residential areas

• 1970 non-white representation was abolished• Black people were derived of their South African

citizenship• Education, medical care, beaches, and other public

services were segregated• In the 1980’s opposition became stronger and by 1990

negotiations began which would bring an end to Apartheid. Th

Mahatma Gandhi1869-1948

One of the most important

Leaders of Indian nationalism

In British ruled India

Used non-violent disobedienceto gain independence and inspired Civil rights movements around the world

Began his civil –disobedienceIn South Africa as a lawyer

Fought for :Ending povertyWomen’s rightsBuilding religious and ethnic

equalityEnding “untouchability”Obtaining independence from England

“First they ignore you, then they laugh at youThen they fight, then you win.”

Nelson Mandela1918-2013

Anti-Apartheid revolutionary, politician, philanthropist, and first blackPresident of South Africa

Spent 20 years in prison after becoming

Involved in the African National CongressInitially used non-violence as a method

However, resorted to militant sabotage

Against the government in 1961

“There is no easy walk to freedom anywhere, and many of us will have to pass through the Valley of the Shadow of Death again and again before we reach the mountain top of our desires.”

World War II:The Holocaust

• 1930’s-1945 – Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Russia, Lithuania and German Occupied states

• The mass murder or genocide of approximately 6 million Jews during WWII

• State sponsored murder by the Nazi party throughout Germany and German occupied territories

Chiune Sughihara1900-1986

Japanese

diplomat who

served as the

Vice-Consul for

the Empire of

Japan in

Lithuania

He helped thousandsOf Jews leave LithuaniaBy issuing visas to Jewish Refugees so they couldTravel to Japan

“Do what is right because it is right, and leave it alone.”

Elie Wiesel1928-present

Professor and political

activist

Author of 57 booksIncluding Night

Survivor of concentration camps

Advocate for peace,atonement, and human

dignity

Won the Nobel Prize in 1986

“There may be time when we are powerless to prevent injustice, but there must never be a time when we fail to protest.”

Oskar Schindler1908-1974

German industrialist, spy,

And member of the Nazi

party

Credited with saving the

Lives of 1,200 Jews by employing

them in his factories

“I was now resolved to do everything in my power to defeat the system.”

American Civil Rights Movement

• 1955-1966• Social movements in the United States whose

goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans and enforce voting rights to them

• Campaigns of civil resistance consisting of non-violent protest and civil disobedience

Key Civil Rights Events

• Brown vs. Board of Education• Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott• Desegregating Little Rock Central High School• Sit-ins • Freedom Rides• March on Washington – “I Have a Dream

Speech”• Selma and Voting Rights Act

Rosa Parks1913-2005

“First lady of Civil Rights”

Best known for refusing to move her seat on a segregated bus

Martin Luther King1929-1968

American pastor,

Activist, humanitarian,

And leader in the American

Civil Rights Movement

Best known for his“I Have a Dream Speach

“Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.”

Jackie Robinson1919-1972

First African American

Baseball player

Played for the Brooklyn Dodgers

Involved in the American Civil Rights Movement

“I'm not concerned with your liking or disliking me... All I ask is that you respect me as a human being.”

Roberto Clemente 1934-1972

Puerto Rican professional

Baseball player

Clemente was involved in

charity work in Puerto Rico

and Latin American countries

Civil Rights activist

“If you have a chance to accomplish something that will make things better for people coming behind you, and you don't do that, you are wasting your time on this earth.”

American Labor Movement

• Started in the 1800’s • A movement to improve working conditions

for American workers• Created organized labor unions– AFL-CIO

Cesar Chavez1927-1993

American farm worker, labor

leader and civil rights activistCo-founder of the

National Farm Workers

Association

Strongly supported the

American Labor MovementOrganized non-violent

protests to bring attention

To the conditions farm

Laborers worked under“Students must have initiative; they should not be mere imitators. They must learn to think and act for themselves - and be free.”

Jane Goodall and Temple Grandin

Anthropologist and Environmentalist

Animal Rights and Autsim Awareness activist

“Change happens by listening and then starting a dialogue with the people who are doing something you don't believe is right.”

Normal people have an incredible lack of empathy. They have good emotional empathy, but they don't have much empathy for the autistic kid who is screaming at the baseball game because he can't stand the sensory overload. Or the autistic kid having a meltdown in the school cafeteria because there's too much stimulation.