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Restorative Approaches inspired by the philosophy and practices of restorative justice , which puts repairing harm done to relationships and people over and above the need for assigning blame and dispensing punishment.
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Introduction to Restorative Approaches
Where does the approach come from?
• Canada 1974
• US and UK 1980’s
• New Zealand 1980’s
• Australia 1990’s
• UK again mid 1990’s
What is Restorative Justice?
A commitment to:• Facilitating dialogue between all those affected by the
wrongdoing or conflict• Encouraging those responsible for the harm to become
accountable for their actions and responsible for putting right the wrong
• Ensuring that all those involved or affected are given the opportunity to share their story, their feelings and their needs
• Involving everyone affected in finding mutually acceptable ways forward
• Repairing the harm caused by any behaviour that has a negative impact on others
• Repairing, or at times building, relationships between those affected
A restorative approach is all about relationships – making, maintaining and, when necessary, repairing relationships
Skills
Values
Interactionwith others
The values The values that that
underpin a underpin a commitmencommitmen
t to t to building, building,
maintaining maintaining & repairing & repairing relationshiprelationship
ss
Mutual respect, empowerment, collaboration, valuing others,
integrity, honesty, openness, trust, tolerance
The skills The skills that that
underpin a underpin a commitmencommitmen
t to t to building, building,
maintaining maintaining & repairing & repairing relationshiprelationship
ss
Emotional articulacy,empathy,
open-mindedness, active non-judgemental listening,
conflict management skills
Mutual respect, empowerment, collaboration, valuing others, integrity,
honesty, openness, trust, tolerance
Interactionwith others
Interactionwith others
Emotional articulacy,empathy,
open-mindedness, active non-judgemental listening,
conflict management skills
Mutual respect, empowerment, collaboration, valuing others, integrity,
honesty, openness, trust, tolerance
When dealing with wrongdoing or conflict, is your response informed by relationship values
and skills?
• Do you invite people to give you, individually, their perspective on what has happened?
• Are you genuinely curious about their thoughts and feelings at the time of the incident and since?
• Do you invite them to consider who else may have been affected?
• Do you invite them to consider what needs to happen to put matters right?
• Do you ask them what their own personal needs are for closure and repair?
Do you manage to refrain from:
• Using your body or your tone to show disapproval?
• Giving your own opinion or judgement about what has happened?
• Taking sides?• Assuming you know what has happened and
why?• Telling people what they should do?• Offering unasked for advice?• Insisting people apologise and make up?
The Traditional Approach
• What’s happened?
• Who started it?
• What response is appropriate to deter and punish?
The Restorative Approach
• What’s happened?
• Who has been affected or harmed?
• How can those involved be supported in finding ways to repair the harm caused?
What do I need when I’ve been harmed?
• An apology • An empathetic listener• Amends made• The other person to understand what has upset
me• To be respected• To be allowed to have emotion• Support and positive reinforcement• Reassurance it won’t happen again• To draw a line underneath it
What do I need when I have harmed
someone else? • To apologise• Someone to talk to• Time to put things right• To make it up to them• A chance to explain to other person and myself • To feel better about it
and about myself• To be forgiven• To reassure them/myself it won’t happen again• To get back on friendly terms
What do I need when I’ve been harmed?
• An apology • An empathetic listener• Amends made• The other person to
understand what has upset me
• To be respected• To be allowed to have
emotion• Support and positive
reinforcement• Reassurance it won’t
happen again• To draw a line
underneath it
What do I need when I’ve harmed someone else?
• To apologise• Someone to talk to• Time to put things right• To make it up to them• A chance to explain to other
person and myself • To feel better about it and about myself• To be forgiven• To reassure them/myself it
won’t happen again• To get back on friendly
terms
The Five Magic Questions
• What happened?
• What were you thinking?
• How were you feeling?
• Who else has been affected by this?
• What do you need, and what needs to happen now, so that the harm can be repaired ?
The Restorative Mindset
The Restorative Chat
Mediation
Informal group mediation/conference
Formal restorative conference
Circles – Circle time; classroom conferences;Staff problem-solving circles; parent circles etc
The restorative challenge
• to address conflicts and harmful situations in a way that, at the very least, does not harm relationships, and at best builds and repairs them
• to empower those involved in conflict or harmful situations to take ownership of these and find ways forward for themselves
• What opportunities do you have for making your work with your clients/customers more restorative?
• What opportunities do you have for making your working environment more restorative?
Degrees of Degrees of restorativenessrestorativeness
4 0 3 2 1-1
BEIN
GRES
ISTA
N
TIG
NORAN
T
INTE
RESTE
D
ENCO
URAGING
OTH
ERS
DOIN
G
Levels of personal Levels of personal restorativenessrestorativeness
4 BEINGPersonal and professional life informed by restorative principles (proactive)
3 DOINGUsing restorative approaches only when an incident occurs (reactive)
2ENCOURAGING
OTHERS Aware of restorative approaches – makes referrals to others but not personally involved
1 INTERESTEDAware of restorative justice/approaches and open to their potential
0 IGNORANT Unaware of restorative justice/approaches
-1 RESISTANT
Rejects restorative justice/approaches – for
ideological or practical reasons
Levels of Levels of school/organisational school/organisational
restorativenessrestorativeness 4 BEING
School/Organisation informed by restorative
principles (proactive policies, procedures,)
3 DOINGUsing restorative approaches only when an incident occurs (reactive)
2ENCOURAGING
OTHERS Aware of restorative approaches – makes referrals to outside agencies
1 INTERESTEDAware of restorative approaches and open to their potential
0 IGNORANT Unaware of restorative justice/approaches
-1 RESISTANT
Rejects restorative approaches – for ideological or practical reasons
Levels of Levels of community/district/local community/district/local
authority restorativenessauthority restorativeness 4 BEING
District/local authority informed by restorative principles (proactive policies, procedures,)
3 DOINGDistrict/local authority using restorative approaches only when an incident occurs (reactive)
2ENCOURAGING
OTHERS
Pockets of practice–some agencies and
schools using restorative approaches
1 INTERESTEDAware of restorative approaches and open to their potential
0 IGNORANT Unaware of restorative justice/approaches
-1 RESISTANT
Rejects restorative approaches – for
ideological or practical reasons
Transforming ConflictNational Centre for RestorativeJustice in Youth Settings,Mortimer Hill,MortimerBerksRG7 3PW
Tel/fax 0118 9331520Belinda@transformingconflict.orgwww.transformingconflict.org