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Dr. Kate Esposito
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STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
FREE APPROPRIATE EDUCATION (FAPE)
Exceptional learners are those who require special education if they are to reach their full human potential.
4Allyn and Bacon 2012
PREVALENCE
Approximately 10 in every 100 students are identified as exceptional and receive special education.
Over 5 million students in the U.S. receive special education services.
Changes in prevalence for certain disabilities.
Categories of Disability Under IDEIAAutism Speech or language
impairments
Orthopedic impairments Hearing impairments
Deaf/blindness Traumatic brain injury
Other health impairments Cognitive Disabilities
Developmental delays Visual impairments
Specific learning disabilities Multiple disabilities
Emotional disturbance
5Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003
SPECIAL EDUCATION means specially
designed instruction that meets the unusual needs of an exceptional student. Possible forms of
Special Education: Special materials Specialized teaching
techniques Specialized
equipment Related services
SPECIAL EDUCATION IS NOT A PLACE
Levels of integration. How and how much
the student differs from average students.
Resources available in the school and community.
Least Restrictive Environment.
CONTINUUM OF PLACEMENT OPTIONS
7Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003
•General Education class only•Special education consultation•Itinerant teacher•Resource teacher•Diagnostic-prescriptive center•Hospital or homebound instruction•Self-contained class•Special day school•Residential school
Most Physically Integrated
Least Physically Integrated
INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITY ACT
Child Find Zero Reject Free Appropriate
Education Non-discriminatory
assessment Parent Consent and
due process Least Restrictive
Environment
6Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003
LEGAL MANDATES
IDEIA Guarantees free
appropriate education to students who are not making adequate educational progress
If the child has a disability that adversely affects educational performance, the child is eligible for special education services under IDEA
Section 504 Plans
“A physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more major life activities.”
Obesity Diabetics HIV
STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES
Aptitude achievement discrepancy
A learning disability can cause a person to have trouble learning and using certain skills. The skills most often affected are: reading, writing, listening, speaking, reasoning, and doing math.
AUTISM ONE OF FASTEST GROWING CATEGORIES
Wide range of abilities
Majority have cognitive disabilities
Social skills Language
REASONS FOR INCREASE IN DISABILITIES Children living in poverty, poor nutrition Babies born to teenage mothers Babies born to mothers with poor prenatal
care, nutrition Babies born with low birth weight Environmental hazards Children subjected to abuse Cuts in social programs and services
8
TEACHER’S ROLES Moderate
proponents Suggest that general
educators take more responsibility for students with disabilities
Radical proponents Recommend that
special education be eliminated as a separate, identifiable part of education
GENERAL EDUCATION TEACHERS’ ROLE Have access to the
individualized education program;
Shall be knowledgeable of the content of the individualized education program; and
Shall be informed specific responsibilities related to implementing a pupil's individualized education program
Understand and implement the specific accommodations, modifications and supports student entitled to. See California Education Code Section 56347
Identify and understand accommodations and modifications specified on the IEP
Ensure that accommodations & modifications are being implemented
ENSURING ACCESS
Grades cannot be reduced for students with IEP and receiving accommodations or specialized instruction.
Modify instruction to meet students needs
Hold student to high expectations
REMEMBER
By the time a students with a disability has been identified he/she has failed academically.
By the time the student reaches middle school or high school—years of failure
QUESTIONS