Dept.  of  Psychology,  Kwantlen  Polytechnic  UniversityOER  Research  Fellow,  Open  Education  Group

Faculty  Workshop  Facilitator,  Open  Textbook  Network

Rajiv  Jhangiani,  Ph.D.

@thatpsychprof

Serving SOCIAL  JUSTICE  &PEDAGOGICAL  INNOVATION throughOPEN  EDUCATIONAL  PRACTICES

“higher education  shall  be  equally  accessible  to  all”

• Half of  Bachelor’s  degree  graduates   rely  on  student   loans

• In  Sept.  2010  Federal  student   loan  debt  surpassed   $15  billion

• Average  BC  student  debt  in  2011  was  $29,497

• 3  years  after  graduating,  only  34%  are  debt  free

• BC  students  now  work  180%  more  hours  than  they  did  in  1975  to  pay  for  PSE

• When  debt  reaches  $10,000,  program  completion  rates  drop  from  59%  to  8%

• The  cost  of  textbooks  has  risen  by  1041%  since  1977

"Kids  Giving  you  problems?  Hire  an  Elephant" by peasap is  licensed  under CC  BY  2.0

• Half of  Bachelor’s  degree  graduates   rely  on  student   loans

• In  Sept.  2010  Federal  student   loan  debt  surpassed   $15  billion

• Average  BC  student  debt  in  2011  was  $29,497

• 3  years  after  graduating,  only  34%  are  debt  free

• BC  students  now  work  180%  more  hours  than  they  did  in  1975  to  pay  for  PSE

• When  debt  reaches  $10,000,  program  completion  rates  drop  from  59%  to  8%

• The  cost  of  textbooks  has  risen  by  1041%  since  1977

• Half of  Bachelor’s  degree  graduates   rely  on  student   loans

• In  Sept.  2010  Federal  student   loan  debt  surpassed   $15  billion

• Average  student  debt  in  Canada  is  $28,495

• 3  years  after  graduating,  only  34%  are  debt  free

• BC  students  now  work  180%  more  hours  than  they  did  in  1975  to  pay  for  PSE

• When  debt  reaches  $10,000,  program  completion  rates  drop  from  59%  to  8%

• The  cost  of  textbooks  has  risen  by  1041%  since  1977

Source:  Canadian  Centre  for  Policy  Alternatives

• Half of  Bachelor’s  degree  graduates   rely  on  student   loans

• In  Sept.  2010  Federal  student   loan  debt  surpassed   $15  billion

• Average  student  debt  in  Canada  is  $28,495

• 3  years  after  graduating,  only  34%are  debt  free

• BC  students  now  work  180%  more  hours  than  they  did  in  1975  to  pay  for  PSE

• When  debt  reaches  $10,000,  program  completion  rates  drop  from  59%  to  8%

• The  cost  of  textbooks  has  risen  by  1041%  since  1977

• Half of  Bachelor’s  degree  graduates   rely  on  student   loans

• In  Sept.  2010  Federal  student   loan  debt  surpassed   $15  billion

• Average  student  debt  in  Canada  is  $28,495

• 3  years  after  graduating,  only  34%are  debt  free

• BC  Students  now  work  180%  more  hours  than  they  did  in  1975  to  pay  for  PSE

• When  debt  reaches  $10,000,  program  completion  rates  drop  from  59%  to  8%

• The  cost  of  textbooks  has  risen  by  1041%  since  1977

• Half of  Bachelor’s  degree  graduates   rely  on  student   loans

• In  Sept.  2010  Federal  student   loan  debt  surpassed   $15  billion

• Average  student  debt  in  Canada  is  $28,495

• 3  years  after  graduating,  only  34%are  debt  free

• BC  Students  now  work  180%  more  hours  than  they  did  in  1975  to  pay  for  PSE

• When  debt  reaches  $10,000,  program  completion  rates  drop  from  59%  to  8%

• The  cost  of  textbooks  has  risen  by  1041%  since  1977

• Half of  Bachelor’s  degree  graduates   rely  on  student   loans

• In  Sept.  2010  Federal  student   loan  debt  surpassed   $15  billion

• Average  student  debt  in  Canada  is  $28,495

• 3  years  after  graduating,  only  34%are  debt  free

• BC  Students  now  work  180%  more  hours  than  they  did  in  1975  to  pay  for  PSE

• When  debt  reaches  $10,000,  program  completion  rates  drop  from  59%  to  8%

• The  cost  of  textbooks  has  risen  by  1041% since  1977

What  can  YOU  do?

• Survey  your  student  body• #textbookbroke campaign• Presentations  • Utilize  visuals,  create  displays• Speak  directly  to  faculty  &  admin• Suggest  that  faculty  review  a  textbook• Showcase  examples• Form  a  student-­led  OER  group• Connect.  Collaborate.

Buy  used  (if  possible)Buy  onlineResell  (if  possible)RentShared  purchase(Inter)library  loansPhotocopyInternational  editionOld  edition

– University of  Minnesota student

“I  figured  French  hadn't  changed  that  much”

2012 2016

63.6% 66.5% Not  purchase  the  required  textbook

49.2% 47.6% Take  fewer  courses

45.1% 45.5% Not  register  for  a  specific  course

33.9% 37.6% Earn  a  poor  grade

26.7% 26.1% Drop  a  course

17.0% 19.8% Fail  a  course

Florida  Student  Textbook  Survey

20

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60% do not purchase textbooks

39% illegally download textbooks

35% take fewer courses

35% choose not to register for a course

22% have dropped a course

����

Source: Jhangiani (2016)A survey of post-secondary students across 12 universities & colleges

Not  much  different  here

Retain Redistribute

Revise Remix

Reuse

Source:  David  Wiley,    http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/3221March  5,  2014,  CC-­‐BY

open =  free  +  permissions

Source:  Creative  Commons,  2015  State  of  the  Commons  report

rijksmuseum.nl

gutenberg.org

openstaxcollege.org

open.bccampus.ca

open.umn.edu

Source:  Creative  Commons,  2015  State  of  the  Commons  report

But  what  about  quality?

Faculty  Reviews

291/365   by  thebarrowboy used  under  a  CC-­BY

"Opening  the  Curriculum:  Open  Education  Resources  in  U.S.  Higher  Education,  2014"by I.  Elaine  Allen  &  Jeff  Seaman,  Babson  Survey  Research  Group is  licensed  under CC  BY  4.0

80% 75%

But  what  do  students  think?

Below  average3%

Average20%

Above  average34%

Excellent43%

HOW  WOULD  YOU  RATE  THE  QUALITY  OF  YOUR  OPEN  TEXTBOOK?

Strongly  agree6%

Slightly  agree12%

Neither17%

Slightly  disagree15%

Strongly  disagree50%

WOULD  YOU  HAVE  PREFERRED  A  TRADITIONAL  TEXTBOOK?

Jhangiani   (2016)

HOW  IMPORTANT  TO  YOU  ARE  THE  FOLLOWING  FEATURES  OF  YOUR  OPEN  TEXTBOOK?

12.6

6.7

9.6

7.8

2.9

1

13.6

22.1

15.4

4.9

1

1.9

31.1

20.2

21.2

16.5

10.6

9.6

21.4

26

21.2

32

36.5

26.9

21.4

25

32.7

38.8

49

60.6

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Shareability

Permanent  retention

Option  to  print

Convenience/portability

Immediate  access

Cost  savings

Not  important  at  all Of  little   importance Of  average  importance

Very  important Absolutely  essential Jhangiani   (2016)

I  would  not  have  bought  the  text  book  for  this  course  because  it's  an  elective.  I  would  have  possibly  walked  away  with  a  C,  now  I  might  actually  get  an  A-­‐

It  is  easily  accessible   and  convenient.  Material   is  easy  to  understand   and  follow

I  personally   really  like  the  convenience   of  having  the  complete  set  of  chapters  on  my  computer  and  even  accessible   from  my  phone  if  I  need  it.  I  like  that  I  don't  have  to  lug  around  another   text  book

It's  free  and  it's  a  great  money  saver

13 Peer  Reviewed  Studies  of  Efficacy

http://openedgroup.org/  

119,720 Students

http://openedgroup.org/  

95%  Same  or  BetterOutcomes

http://openedgroup.org/  

Fischer  et  al.  (2015)

• Quasi-­‐experimental  design• Propensity-­‐score  matched  groups• 16,727  students  taking  15  courses  at  10  institutions• OER  students:• Lower  withdrawal  rates• More  likely  to  pass  with  a  C-­‐ or  better• Higher  course  grades• Enrolled  in  more  courses  (current  &  subsequent  semesters)

Fischer,  L.,  Hilton,  J.,  Robinson  T.  J.,  &  Wiley,  D.  (2015).  A  multi-­‐institutional   study  of  the  impact  of  open  textbook  adoption  on  the   learning  outcomes  of  post-­‐secondary   students.  Journal  of  Computing  in  Higher  Education,  27(3),  159-­‐172. doi:10.1007/s12528-­‐015-­‐9101-­‐x

openedgroup.org/review

"Evidence" by Bill   Selak is  licensed   under CC  BY-­‐ND  2.0

Jhangiani  et  al.  (2015)

Jhangiani,  R.,  Dastur,  F.,  LeGrand,  R.,  &  Penner,  K.  (2015).  Introductory  psychology  textbooks:  The  roles  of  online  vs.  print  and  open  vs.  traditional   textbooks. Presentation  at  the  2015  Open  Ed  Conference.

0102030405060708090100

Exam  1 Exam  2 Exam  3

Percen

t  Correct

Traditional

Open  Print

Open  Digital

p <  0.05 ns ns

“Mad” “Glad”

“Sad” “Rad”

Cost

Completing  with  C  or  Better

Commercial

OER

Student  Success  per  Dollar

0 100%

$200

Cost  savings

Access

Portability

Course  performance

Adapt,  update,  &  remix

Enrolment

Student  retention

Program  completion

The Z-DegreeREMOVING TEXTBOOK COSTS AS A BARRIER TO STUDENT SUCCESS THROUGH AN OER-BASED CURRICULUM

Decreased  cost  to  graduate  by  25%

Increased  pedagogical  flexibility

Commercial  vs.  OER

Hilton  et  al.  (in  press)

Increased  Tuition  Revenue  through  OER(INTRO)

Even  if  just  ONE  textbook…

• 1590  students• $100/course  for  a  commercial  textbook• $159,000  cost  to  students• $0  revenue  to  institution

• 1590  students• $10  OER  course  fee• $15,900  cost  to  students• $143,100  savings  to  students• $15,900  revenue  to  institution

rajiv.jhangiani@kpu.ca

@thatpsychprof

slideshare.net/thatpsychprof

"Open  Textbook  Summit  2015"by BCcampus_News is  licensed  under CC  BY-­‐SA  2.0