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Information Technology

IT

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Types of computer

•Personal computer (PC)

•Laptop (portable computer)

•Main frame computer

•PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) (mobile phone)

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Personal Computer (PC(

• Fast , less expensive and getting cheaper by the day

• Typical users: Home user, Doctors , Education

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Mainframe Computer

• Very powerful computer and it often connected to many individual PCs over network

• Faster than PCs, used for processing large amounts of data as salaries

• Very expensive• Typical Users: Banks and Building

societies, Insurance (تامين)

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Laptop (portable computer(

• Laptop as PC in capacity

• It is portable computer

• Expensive than PC

• Typical Users: Business users

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PDA(Personal Digital Assistant(• Much smaller storage capacity compared to

a PC

• Small enough to held in the palm of hand

• Typical users: Business users

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• Hardware: The term hardware refers to the physical components of your computer such as mouse, keyboard, monitor, CPU(system case), RAM

• Software: is the collection of instruction the make the computer work

Hardware Software

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CPU (central processing unit(

• Is one of the most important components within your computer.

• It determine how fast your computer will run and its function is to process data .

• Measured by Megahertz-Gigahertz (MHZ-GHZ) (Hertz measure the frequency التردد(

HardwareHardware

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RAM (Random Access Memory(• Main memory/ Temporary/ volatile

• The operating system is loaded into the Ram when the PC is switched on

• The contents of Ram disappear when the PC is switched off

• The contents of Ram change constantly as the PC is used

Computer Memory

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ROM (Read only memory(

• Secondary memory / permanent or fixed

• It is a chip held on motherboard it contains software that is required to make your computer work with operating system

• The contents of Rom are fixed during the manufacture of the PC

• You cannot write to this type of memory

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Input device Output device Storage device

Main part of computer

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input Memory Processor

output

Storage device

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Input device•Keyboard

•Mouse - trackball - touch Pad

•light pen•Scanner

•Web came

•Digital camera

•Microphone

•Joysticks

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Output device•Monitor

•Plotter (more complex drawing )

•Speaker

•Printer

Touch screen

Output & Input device

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• Bit• Byte = 8 bit• Kilobyte = 1024 byte

• Megabyte = 1024 kilo byte• Gigabyte = 1024 mega byte• Terabyte = 1024 giga byte

Storage Capacity

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Storage Devices

• Hard disk 40---350Gb – fastest at accessing data

• Floppy disk 1.44Mb – Slowest at accessing data

• Zip disk 100---750Mb

• CD 650---700Mb

• Tap Backup 2---100Gb

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Format• Format is a special

software(system file) added to unformatted disk so it can store data

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• Copying your computer files onto a separate storage device

• Keeping copies of data in two locations

Backup

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Computer performance

• Free space on Hard disk

• Capacity of RAM

• Speed of CPU

• Quality of equipments is installed on PC

• Number of application running

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Software

Operating system Application

•Sets up the look and feel of your computer interface

•Control the hardware and software of your computer

•You can run more than one at the same time

•This can be used to edit data files

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Operating system

• Collection of instructions That makes the computer work

• Types of Operating system/OSDosWindowsUnixLinuxMac

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Operating system main task

• Start up the computer

• Control all the Hardware

• Enable other programs to run

GUI using icons (images) and Menus in windows OS by using mouse

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Application Software

• Word processing [creating letters – faxes – Memos –– producing catalogue containing graphics –business document]

• Excel Spreadsheet [Charts – financial projection –working with budgets]

• Access database[sort large amount of information – creating list of contact details ]

• PowerPoint presentation [create overhead projections slides]

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• Accounting application[produce payroll – Stock control المخزون [فحص

• Web browsing[View web pages]

• Multimedia Application [Interactive learning Material and training material]

• Desktop publishing[produce a newspaper & magazine layout]

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1. Analysis2. Design3. Programming 4. Testing

System development cycle

The development of computer based systems can include a variety of steps, depending largely on the size and type of the application, but atypical development part includes :

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Work group computing

• The idea of work group is that group of people working together can share their resources with each other. People within the work group can share information on their hard disk as well as sharing printers modems and scanners

• We can share files, disk storages, application, disk spaces

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NetworkTwo or more computers connect together and allow PCs to Share information (files), disk storage and resources as (printers).

1. Network by area2. Network by user3. Network by connection

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Network by areaLAN

local Area Network Is system of individual pcs

are connecting to gather within company or organization .

Authorized users can access and data stored anywhere on a LAN.

Large data files can be transferred computers using a LAN.

WAN Wide Area Network Allows pcs connect to

gather over a wide area Type of network that

links computers in different cities or countries

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Intranet & Extranet Intranet

• An internal internet using e-mail and web within a single origination and access members of the same company organization to access it

Extranet • Internet between

organizations and allow external users to access it by username and password.

Network by users

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Internet connection

• PSTN: public Switched telephone network العامة التليفون شبكه

• ISDN: Integrated Service Digital Network

الرقميه التكاملية it is a digital line used الخدمهfor both voice and data

• ADSL: Asymmetric Digital subscriber line

متماثل غير رقمي اشتراك خط

Network by connection

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Internet

• Global collection of networked computers all over the world

• A wide Area network of computers linked together• No License is needed to publish material• Providing search for information • Providing service of e-mail [Electronic mail] • E-commerce Note: A network that grew out of the work of the

American military

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Requirements needed to connect to internet

• Telephone line

• ISP : [Internet service provider]

• Modem [14.4Kbps to56.6Kbps] convert digital and analog signals

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WWW (world wide web(

• Refers to vast collection of linked documents .

• Small part of internet.• A vast collection of linked documents held

on computers all over the world .• Can accessed using a web browser.

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E-commerce (Electronic commerce(

• Buy or sell good and services online anywhere in the world .

• The consumer rights of the supplier’s country apply.

• It’s more difficult to return goods purchased online than goods bought in a shop.

• You are at risk from insecure payment methods.

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Teleworking

• work at home by using computers.

• Greater ability to focus on one task.

• Reduce office desk space.

• Increase flexibility of working hours.

• Need self control.

• Makes it harder to socially interact with team members.

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Computer in every day life

Business Administration العمال ادارةAdminister employee payroll الرواتب ادارة قائمةTrack invoices الشراء بقعتعقب اوامرManage payment record الدفع سجلت ادارة

Online Banking الصرافةCheck Balance )an accounts ) الميزانياتفحصTransfer Founds الموال تحويلApply for Loans القروض طلب

Computer in business

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Airline booking الطيران تذاكر حجز Check ticket availability المتاحة التذاكر فحصPurchase ticketsشراء التذاكر List customers’ dietary needs ةيامحل ماظن عضوضع نظام لحماية

العملءCheck Time Table فحص الجداةيامحل ماظن عضول الزمنية

Insurance Claims Processing تايلمع تابلطتمتطلبات عمليات التأتايلمع تابلطتمينCheck policy Detailsمراجعة بقعتفاصيل ةيامحل ماظن عضوثيقة التأمينProvide quotes for premium بقعتوفير بيانات عن قيمة

القساطAnalysis statistics to estimate premiums بقعتحليل

الصحصائيات لتقدير أقساط التأمين

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• Computer in government Public Information عامة معلومات

Income tax payment ضريبة الدخلبقعتحصيل Television license payment ترخيص اجور جمع

الفضائية القنواتHandle social welfare payment form معالجة

النتعاش الجتماعى بقعتنظيم Public Record system عامة معلومات تسجيل

Store census record السكان احصاءStore passport detail السفر جواز تفاصيل تخزينVehicle registration listing المرور رخصتسجيل

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Administration systems ل ةمظنأنظمة دارةأاPublic health warning العامة الصحة تحذيرAnnounce policy documents online وثائق اعلنسياسية

Notify citizens with government decisions الحكومة بقرارات المواطنين اعلن

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• Computer in Hospital Patient record system المرضى تسجيل Providing a medical database بقاعدة لتزويد طبية بياناتا Medical History of patient العلجى تاريخ ل ا بع ت ت Tracking treatment cost العلج تكاليف بع تت Establishing bed availability السرة عدد إحصاء

• Computers in Education Student register الطلب تسجيل Computer Based Training [CBT] الكمبيوتر التدريب القائم على

Distance learning system عن بعدنظام التعلم

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Computer & people

• Computer– Can sort large amount of

data– Can carry out complex

calculation accurately

• People– Customer service خدمة العملء

– Taking decision اتخاذ القرارات

– Motivating the staff العمل فريق تحفز

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Environment, Health& safety

relation between worker and their environment

– Chair: adjustable, able to move up or down

– Screen : 1) eyes are at the same height as the top of screen 2) use filter attached to screen to reduce glare (لخفض ( الشعاع

– Key board : Use Elbow and wrist support– Feet : use foot pad to rest the feet– Mouse : use mouse mate to make mouse easier– Area is adequately light( جيدة اضاءة ) and good ventilated ( تهوية( جيدة

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Health Issuesقضايا الصحة • Reduce the risk of repetitive strain injury by Taking

frequent breaks from the work.(التقليل من الاصابة بالهجهاد المتكرر )

• Reduce the risk of neck, back and shoulder pain, by Using a fully adjustable operator’s chair والظهر والكتف الرقبة لمآ الحد من مخاطر ))

Environment or good use of computer• Reuse the cartridge toner• Any device is on sleep mode (stand by) will save power• Don’t waste paperprecautions (احتياطات)1. Use safety and suitable cable2. Power point are not over load and are near to computer3. No run cables across open areas4. Don’t touching internal parts of the PC

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Health, safety & Environment• Take frequent break• Adequate lighting• Use anti-glare filter• good level of ventilation • use suitable chair• Use Elbow and wrist support• Secure power cable• Don’t run cable across open area• Don’t Touch internal parts of the PC• Recycle Waste paper • Use standby option• Recycle ink / toner cartridge

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Security

• Password• contain letters and number• Change regularly• Ensures that the person logging on is who they say

they are

• ID (user name)• Must be unique on the network• Identify specific user on the network• Not confidential

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organization's information security policy منظمه امن المعلومات

• PDA (Protect Data Act) قانون حمايه البيانات Safe guard of individual privacyحماية خصوصية الرفراد Prevent an unauthorized user to access privacy data Protect the individual’s right to privacyحماية الحقوق الشخصية

Obliges organizations to protect confidential data within their controlيلزم المنظمات بحماية البيانات السرية

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Copyright legislation حماية قانونالفكرية الملكية

• You can’t copy someone’s work and buy it.

• Any material purchased on disk is copyright.

• Scanned Images & Audio files & Graphics on the web are subject to copyright

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Freeware & Shareware •Freeware freely availableSoftware You can use it for free , you haven't pay for it

•Shareware for trial periodSoftware you can try it for free but you have to pay if

you need to keep it.It is illegalغير قانونى if you copy and sell it .

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• Good Antivirus

Check virus everyday.Delete email from unknown source.Putting a virus check in a floppy drive.Regularly visiting the web sites of your anti

virus software supplier.Running a virus check on an email attachment.

•Virus program damage files or hard disk

•Antivirus can detect and disinfect Virus