Jackie Narbeh Stella

JackieNarbehStella

Mireya

Jackie/ Narbeh/

MireyaStatus:Married (second time)

Occupations:Christopher: Student, Watches and washes car at the feriaJonathan: Student, Watches and washes car at the feria Ermernio: Unemployed, Sells vegetables door to door

Income:Disability (for asthma) : 75,000 / mo.Disability (for Christopher): 52,000 / mo.Vegetable sales: 48,000 / mo.

Expenses:Loan (for house and kids shoes for school): 19,000 / mo.Gas: 9,000 / mo.Electricity: 10,000-11,000 / mo. Food: 85,400 / mo.Daily items (milk, bread): 14,400 / mo.Vegetables: 24,000 / mo.Meat: 12,000 / mo.Dry food: 35,000 / mo.Vegetables: 1x / wkSchool: 15,000 (only once at beginning of school year)

Age:Mireya: 54 Christopher; son: 14 Jonathan; son: 17 Ermernio; husband: 58 Fernanda; daughter

Prior Residence:As a child, Mireya lived in the country, in the south of Chile. She used to live in the “old campamentos”.

Future Residence:Definitive house. She has saved half the money so far.

Aspirations:Wants permanent housing for warmth.Wants a real bathroom that doesn’t smell.

What she Values:FamilyItems/crafts made by familyUseful items (washer, spinner, furniture, etc.)

“Anything can be replaced...except family. I would also take the bottle [that my niece made]. But if I did have time, I would take things I use more often, like my washer and spinner.”

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Mireya’s Lay-

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Rosa

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RosaStatus:Married

Occupations:Rosita: HomemakerBernardo; husband: Sells vegetablesYanarda; daughter: Student

Income:Unknown

Expenses:Electricity: 8,500 - 10,000 / mo.Cell phone: 3,500 / wkFood: 6000 / day (meat, bread, juice, soda...buys milk at the local market)

Age:Rosita: 21 Yanarda: 4

Prior Residence:Rosita used to live in permanent housing. After she got married, she moved in with her mother-in-law. She did not like living with her mother-in-law and soon moved out into the campamentos with her family.

Existing Residence:Roughly a year

Future Residence:Definitive house.

Aspirations:She would like to have a big kitchen to cook:“I would love to have a kitchen like this in my house. I would like it to have lots of bright colors.” “I like the sea. I would love to live on the coast...in any city.”

“I like to decorate. I like to keep my house looking nice.”

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Luis

Jackie/ Narbeh/

LuisStatus:Divorced

Occupations:Unemployed due to health reasons(formerly a farmer)

Income:Pension

Age:Luis: Senior Citizen

Prior Residence:Formerly lived in the old campamentos.

Existing Residence:Roughly a year

Future Residence:Definitive house. Must move in with his sister and her family, as a single person does not qualify for the definitive housing.

Aspirations:Wants to paint his house yellowWants to go back to workA second mediaugua in his back yardWants to visit his cousin in Washington

What he values:Visits from friends and familyHis new oven (good brand that he can trust)

Jackie/ Narbeh/

“I leave my door open because I like to see passing by and have the sunlight come in.”

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Luis’Layout

This week, Mireya will use all of these containers.

Jackie/ Narbeh/

“I am tired...It’s laundry day and I just got started.”

ObservationThe size of the water container determines its purpose, requiring the use of multiple different containers for each task.

Impact (Education) The container can physically adapt to the purpose of the task by size, shape and ergonomics.

Containing

Jackie/ Narbeh/

Multipurpose/ Adaptive/ Optimization

Jackie/ Narbeh/

The Facts

Space:A mediagua is 10x20 ft

Efficiency:Distance / weight / taskOne gallon of water weighs 34 pounds -EPA

Contamination: Children in poor environments often carry 1,000 parasitic worms in their bodies at a time.

Space:The average mediagua houses 4 people

Jackie/ Narbeh/

The Issues

Conserving space is a key issue

Containers are not always stored properly and often pick up dirt and germs that later contaminate water sources.

Relying on multiple containers to complete a single task is not time or energy efficient.

The likelihood of contamination and uncleanliness increases with the number of containers.

Space:A mediagua is 10x12 ft

Efficiency:Distance / weight / taskOne gallon of water weighs 34 pounds -EPA

Contamination: Children in poor environments often carry 1,000 parasitic worms in their bodies at a time.

Space:The average mediagua houses 4

carryboilmix

rinseheat

washcoolpourdraincatch

scoop

storereusebathetossspray

How we Use Water

Jackie/ Narbeh/

Reduce in scale for personal use, and then..

..increase for household chores

Jackie/ Narbeh/

Task Analysis : laundry

Jackie/ Narbeh/

past present futurereality *Not stated • Store water in large drums

• Scoop water out of drum with small cup or pitcher

• Pour water into bucket• Heat water in kettle• Repeat until bucket is filled• Transport bucket to washer• Pour water in washer• Repeat two times• Place 3-5 articles of clothing

in spinner and start machine• Pour water into rinsing con-

tainer• Remove from washer• Rinse clothes in tambore• Wring out excess water• Place clothes in spinner and

start machine• Collect bowl of drained water

from spinner• Transport bowl to washer• Pour water into washer• Hang cleaned clothes to dry• Repeat!

drain

spin

scoop

rinse

wash

store

** Having running water will not greatly change this situa-tion. The washer and spinner will continue to be the primary tools for this task.

Process will remain the same, except for the following:

• Fill bucket directly with hose or faucet instead of scoop-ing and filling incrementally with a pitcher.

What if...?

Tools were consolidated

Use one container to accomplish all steps

Container collapses to fit inside large drum and scoop water out

Container expanded with added water

Container has hose to retrieve or release water

Container has spout to release water

Jackie/ Narbeh/

The market currently offers several options for foldable and collapsible options for water storage. This concept can draw inspiration from the following unique characteristics of these products:

• Space saver• Easy to carry• Modular• Multi-functional• Affordable

TheCurrent Market

Mireya must walk outside to her front yard every time she wants a cup of tea.

Jackie/ Narbeh/

Enclosure

“The new house will have everything there...we will not need to go outside.”

ObservationThe fact that people need to travel outdoors, especially long distances, in order to complete normal every-day tasks is highly unfavorable.

Impact Make everyday tasks more convenient by bringing them indoors or decreasing the amount of travel necessary to complete them.

Enclosure

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Space/ Convenience

Outdoors

Indoors

Semi indoor

Social anddining area

Cooking

Bedroom

Bedroom

Bedroom

Bathroomshower

Water storage

Laundry area

Areas

Activities involving traveling outdoors

Washingdishes

Cooking and dining

Collecting water

Laundry

Washing dishes

Bathroom and showering

Mireya’s outdooractivities

Outdoors

Indoors

Semi indoor

Areas

Activities involving traveling outdoors

Cooking and dining

Collecting water

Laundry

Washing dishes

Bathroom and showering

water storage

Laundry

Washing Dishes

water storage

CookingDining

BathroomShower

Rosa’s outdooractivities

Seasons & Behavior

Jackie/ Narbeh/

winter

rain

mud

shower less often

modify schedule around weather

cold

Seasons & Behavior

Jackie/ Narbeh/

winter


rain

mud

shower less often

cold

capture rain for personal usecreate or extend awnings for more protectioncreate waterproof cover for home

elevated platform to walk oncement walkwayuse small rocks to minimize collection of mud

bring shower indoorsharness heat from warming of water to create a comfortable bathing environment

bring activities indoorscapture heat from other activities

insulate homes with materials at hand

impacts

Seasons & Behavior

Jackie/ Narbeh/

winter


rain

mud

shower less often

cold

elevated platform to walk oncement walkwayuse small rocks to minimize collection of mud

bring shower indoorsharness heat from warming of water to create a comfortable bathing environment

insulate homes with materials at hand

impactsfire hazard

rain may pollutedcapturing rain may require heavy liftinglack of building materialsrain may still leak inwalls are often damp

lack of building materialslack of technical skills or knowledge

lack of room indoorsfloor may get wetdifficulty moving waterfire hazards

lack of room indoorsfire hazards

capture rain for personal usecreate or extend awnings for more protectioncreate waterproof cover for home

bring activities indoorscapture heat from other activities

issues

Seasons & Behavior

Jackie/ Narbeh/

summer

water tastes and smells like plastic

dust

shower more often


heat

Seasons & Behavior

Jackie/ Narbeh/

summer


dust

shower more often


heatmaximize airflow through home

shade water containers from sunstore more water in refrigeratorrelocate water containers indoorssupplement water with flavoring

secure lids/seals for containersfilters to purify water

maximize water use to avoid running out

bring activities indoors

impacts

Seasons & Behavior

Jackie/ Narbeh/

summer


dust

shower more often


heatmaximize airflow through home

shade water containers from sunstore more water in refrigeratorrelocate water containers indoorssupplement water with flavoring

secure lids/seals for containersfilters to purify water

maximize water use to avoid running out

bring activities indoors

impacts

shade may not be enoughlack of room indoorssmall refrigerators; less room for foodplastic taste may be dangeroussupplements cost money

impact during winter

lids and filters may not fit all containersuse of lids could be a hasslefilter may slow the act of retrieving water

may sacrifice hygienerun out of water

lack of room indoors

issues

What if...?

...There is a centralized water storage in the top of the house that allows to have running water to different areas of the house....There is a wet area inside the house where clean water can be safely stored and used water can be drained to the outside....The house can seasonally change to adapt to conditions as necessary.

“Doing dishes is a problem...having to take the dishes outside, then back inside.”

ObservationPeople typically move water for one specific task at a time. A centralized work space decreases the number of times necessary to transport itms (laundry, water, dishes, etc.) and also decreases the distances, time and effort spent doing tasks.

Impact (Education) Establish a routine or system to consolidate water delivery in preparation for multiple tasks. Create a centralized space for doing water-related chores to minimize time and effort expended doing chores.

CentralizationOptimization/ Consolidation

Jackie/ Narbeh/

Doing laundry involves takes the entire day and..

..uses components which are all around the house.

Jackie/ Narbeh/

clean water storage

dirty water

Laundry path

2. Getting water from containers3. Pouring water in the washer4. Putting clothing into the washer5. Transfering clothing to barrel for rinsing6. Rinsing clothes by hand7. Putting clothing into the spinner8. Collecting used water from spinner9. Pouring used water in the washer10. Hanging clothes for drying

1. Taking washer and spinner outside

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Laundry Mireya’s house

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clean water storage

dirty water

Laundry path

2. Getting water from containers3. Pouring water in the washer4. Putting clothing into the washer5. Transfering clothing to sink for rinsing6. Rinsing clothes by hand7. Putting clothing into the spinner8. Collecting used water from spinner9. Pouring used water in the washer10. Hanging clothes for drying

1. Taking washer and spinner outside

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Laundry Rosa’s house

Jackie/ Narbeh/

clean water storage

dirty water

cooking path

dish washing path

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2

1. Picking up dishes from kitchen2. Washing dishes

1. Collecting water from containers2. Pouring water for boiling

3. Returning dishes to kitchen

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Kitchen flow

A lack of centralized work space results in excessive backtracking, due to basic human limitations: people can only carry so much at a time without the aid of tools.

problem

Mireya’s house

Jackie/ Narbeh/

clean water storage

dirty water

cooking path

dish washing path

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1. Picking up dishes from kitchen2. Washing dishes

1. Collecting water from containers2. Pouring water for boiling

3. Returning dishes to kitchen

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Kitchen flowRosa’s house

Jackie/ Narbeh/

Task Analysis : dishes

Jackie/ Narbeh/

past present futurereality *Not stated • Carry dishes in bowl from

kitchen to front yard• Use pitcher to scoop water

from tambore• Pour water into bowl• Add chlorox and mix• Place dishes in bowl• Scrub• Pour water from pitcher to

rinse dishes• Catch water in bowl• Dry dishes• Carry dishes back to kitchen• Carry more dishes back to

yard• Refill pitcher• Repeat• When finished, toss dirty wa-

ter into street

wash

scoop

store

** This task will be made much easier and more efficient due to the following changes:Running waterSink

• Place dishes in sink• Fill sink with water• Add chlorox, mix• Scrub dishes• Rinse• Dry

What if...?

...water was located throughout house instead of in front yard?

...there was a workspace indoors?

...there was a mobile work station?

...the work station doubled as a water container?

...the work station was created out of materials at hand?

...there was a modular work station?

...There is a product to store clean water next to the kitchen.

...There is a work space outdoors where water is delivered from the truck

Mireya wakes up everyday at 6:30 a.m. to prepare bath water for her children before school.

Bathing

“I wake up to prepare the bath water so they can go to school.”

ObservationBathing is an involved process, requiring multiple steps, including heating, mixing, carrying and scooping water.

Impact (Education) Optimize the process by combining one or more steps in the process. Create a tool to facilitate the actual act of bathing oneself.

BathingEfficiency/ Seasons/

Jackie/ Narbeh/

This is what a warm bath looks like..

..at Mireya’s house.

Jackie/ Narbeh/

clean water storage

dirty water

Shower path

Toilet path1. Getting water from containers2. Pouring water in the toilet

1. Getting water from containers2. Pouring water for boiling3. Getting cold water in the bucket4. Mixing hot and cold water5. Bringing bucket to the bathroom6. Scooping water for bathing

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Shower pathRosa’s house

clean water storage

dirty water

Shower path

Toilet path

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2

1. Getting water from containers2. Pouring water in the toilet

1. Getting water from containers2. Pouring water for boiling3. Getting cold water in the bucket4. Mixing hot and cold water5. Bringing bucket to the bathroom6. Scooping water for bathing

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Shower pathMireya’s house

Jackie/ Narbeh/

The Facts

Water Use:15-25 gallons of water is used in the average five-minute shower. -EPA

Time:It takes approximately 3-9 minutes to bring one liter of water to a boil.

Energy:Generally most people can carry a load just over 50% of their own weight comfort-ably without any serious or special physical training.

Jackie/ Narbeh/

The Issues

Water Use:15-25 gallons of water is used in the average five-minute shower. -EPA

Time:It takes approximately 3-9 minutes to bring one liter of water to a boil.

Bathing is a water-intensive activity.

Bathing is an energy-intensive activity.

Bathing is a time-intensive activity.

Energy:Generally most people can carry a load just over 50% of their own weight comfort-ably without any serious or special physical training.

past present futurereality *Not stated • Store water in large drums

• Scoop water out of drum with small cup or pitcher

• Pour water into kettle• Heat water in kettle• Pour water into bowl• Repeat• Scoop cold water out of drum• Pour cold water into bowl• Mix water to desired temper-

ature• Transport water to bathroom• Scoop water with small cup• Pour over body to bathe and

rinse• Drain remaining water onto

ground

Carry

Scoop

Store

Mix

Heat

• Use one container to accom-plish all steps

• Collapse container to fit in-side large drum and scoop water out

• Expand container with add-ed water

• Container has hose to re-trieve or release water

• Container has spout to re-lease water

• Use water pressure to create water flow

Task Analysis : bathing

Jackie/ Narbeh/

What if...?

...there was a way to bathe indoors?

...you could minimize the number of steps involved in bathing?...you could harness the sun to heat your bath water?...you could have a running water system with a hanging container...heat water once and keep it warm for more than one

“We used to have to beg our neighbors for water when we ran out.”

Emotion

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“The problem with the water is when it doesn’t arrive...when the water truck comes, it brings happiness.” - Rosita

ObservationWater carries with it emotional components, both positive and negative.

Impact (Education) Reinforce positive emotions by removing fear of water shortage, establishing fail-safe backup systems and assuring confidence in set water delivery schedules.

EmotionEducation/ Reuse/ DIY Booklet

Jackie/ Narbeh/

Jackie/ Narbeh/

Needs:Next to oxygen, water is the most critical element for human existence.

Sanitation:2.5 billion people in the world do not have access to adequate sanitation, this is almost two fifths of the world’s population. -WHO/UNICEF

Survival:A person can live ap-proximately one week without water. -EPA

The Facts

Jackie/ Narbeh/

The Issues

Needs:Next to oxygen, water is the most critical element for human existence. -EPA

Sanitation:2.5 billion people in the world do not have access to adequate sanitation, this is almost two fifths of the world’s population. -WHO/UNICEF

Survival:A person can live approxi-mately one week without water. -EPA

The fact that water is a basic need is a huge driver of emotions, both good and bad.

The consequences of running out of water are great.

This problem is widespread and affects every facet of daily life, from sanitation to sustenance to personal hygiene.

Jackie/ Narbeh/

Water supply

Water supply and sanitation in Chile is characterized by high levels of access and good service quality compared to most other countries in latin america

Chile's water and sanitation sector distinguishes itself by the fact that all urban water companies are privately owned or operated.

Water consumption is highest in the capital region, ranging from 44m3/month (Aguas Cordillera) to 125m3/month (Aguas de Manquehue).

Aguas Andinas, serving the capital Santiago, majority-owned by the Span-ish company Aguas de Barcelona,

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2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Average water tariff US$ / m3

Average yearly tariffs for Santiago Metropolitan Region excluding VAT. Financial figures converted to US Dollars as of March 31, 2009 exchange rate

Water Truck Schedule *E mergency water tank

Monday Wednesday Friday

Cleaning andcomplete newfilling

RefillingR efilling

*subject to availability of the truck and driver

Gets refilled as necessary by thewater truck

No set rules for the water use

WATER STORAGE SYSTEM

MIREYA ROSITA LUIS

Cooking Cooking CookingLaundry, bathroom, shower, dishes, cleaning Bathroom, shower, cleaning.

Laundry, dishes. Bathroom, dishes

10 L15 L15L

5 L5 L 4L2L 2L

10L 10L 10L12L

location: Outdoors in front of the house

location: Indoors next to the door

location: Outdoors next to

sink and bathroom

Jackie/ Narbeh/

present future• Running water inpermanent houses

• Unable to pay for the service

reality

issues

past• Begging for water

• Uncertainty of collecting water

• Unable to get kids ready to school

• Water

truck

delivers to the campamento

• Urcentainty of delivery• Proper sanitizing of truck and equipment

• Emergency water tank installed by private water company

past present future

Jackie/ Narbeh/

What if...?

...people trusted the water delivery schedules?

...there was a backup plan to deliver water even when drivers call in sick?...Every house has the same point of easy access for delivery of water, avoiding the risk of not getting water if the family is not at home....There are specific regulations for the use of the water in the communal emergency tank so there is no waste and there is a established purpose for the water contained there. ...Every house has its own water emergency tank located in front of the house and gets checked and refill by the water truck every week.

“My daughter has never gotten sick. I clean very well every day.”-Rosa

ObservationPeople tend to overcompensate in cleaning activities as a way of preventing illness.

Impact (Education) Implement an educational campaign to address the dangers of potentially hazardous cleaning products and to propose safe alternatives and habits that adhere to the same safety standards.

SanitazingEducation/ Chlorox partnership

Jackie/ Narbeh/

Rosa cleans her house everyday..

..even the toilet.

Jackie/ Narbeh/

Jackie/ Narbeh/

The Facts

Prevention:Hand-washing with soap at critical times can reduce the incidence of

Contamination:Children in poor environments often carry 1,000 parasitic worms in their bodies at a time. -UNICEF

Sanitation: One gram of human feces can contain 10,000,000 viruses, 1,000,000 bacteria, 1000 parasite cysts, 100 parasite eggs.

Jackie/ Narbeh/

The Issues

Prevention:Hand-washing with soap at critical times can reduce the incidence of

Contamination:Children in poor environments often carry 1,000 parasitic worms in their bodies at a time. -UNICEF

Sanitation: One gram of human feces can contain 10,000,000 viruses, 1,000,000 bacteria, 1000 parasite cysts, 100 parasite eggs.

Prevention is an effective, life-sav-ing tool.

It doesn’t take much for illness and disease to spread.

Children are often the first victims of unsanitary living conditions.

What if...?

...there was an educational campaign to educate people on the importance of cleaning?...there was a partnership with Chlorox to spread this message?...the campaign reached out to kids, who would then teach their parents?... The cleaner container specifies with graphics how excatly should be used and the doses for cleaning around the house. The container gets reused and refilled many times....A sustainable cleaner company sponsors a campaing to deliver their cleaning products to the campamentos giving the choice to use a product that is safer for the people and

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