1

Contemporary Architecture

Architects covered:Ar. Joseph Allen SteinAr. Anant D. RajeAr. Raj Rewal

Submitted by:Sooraj SharmaAbhishek Yadav

2

Joseph Allen Stein

An American Architect who made India his home…….

3

Joseph Allen Stein

• Born in 1912 in USA• Studied Architecture at

the University of Illinois.

• He worked with the great architect Richard Neutra.

• A major figure in the establishment of a regional modern architecture in the San Francisco Bay area in the 1940’s and 1950’s during the early days of Environmental design.

4

Joseph Allen Stein

• J.A.Stein moved to Calcutta to be a professor at the Bengal engineering college in 1952.

• He moved to Delhi later on where he did his major works.

• His buildings represent the best of post-independence construction in Delhi.

5

Philosophy

• Integrating Man-made construction with Nature’s expressiveness.

6

J.A.Stein

Philosophy

• J.A.Stein took Mughalart of garden monuments to another level aptly titled as “Building in the Garden.”

7

J.A.Stein

PhilosophyDesigns were modernistic but inspired by India’s past.

8

J.A.Stein

Building Characteristics

• He typically designed 3 to 4 storied buildings that fused with the surrounding trees, gardens and ponds.

9

J.A.Stein

Building Characteristics

• Flowers cascading down the their walls in what Stein called “Vertical Gardens”

• Most of Stein’s Buildings had the Indian traditional ‘jalis’.

10

Building Materials

J.A.Stein was good at working with local materials, be it granite or glazed tiles, both influences of Tughlaq architecture.

11

Contributions

J.A.Stein’s increasing concern with protection of natural landscape and the development of an environmentally friendly architectural style led him to campaign actively against deforestation of Himalayas.

12

J.A.Stein

Contributions

Brought in California modernism to several buildings he designed in Delhi.

13

J.A.Stein. Popular Buildings

•American international school

•Gandhi-King Plaza

•Triveni Kala Sangam.

• Indian express tower

•Lodhi Estate.

14

J.A.Stein.

•Ford foundation head quarters

•UNICEF building• India

international centre

• India Habitat centre

15

•GANDHI LABOUR INSTITUTE

Architect: B V Doshi & J.A. SteinLocation: Ahmedabad

16

Gandhi Labour Institute

Gandhi Labour Institute was established by Gujarat Government in 1984 to provide for education, training, study and research in labour and related subjects. The institution has been designed by architect B V Doshi and it reuses many elements from Sangath, his office

17

Gandhi labour Institute

•  The concrete vaults covered in white china mosaic, the faceted terraces, earth mounds, greet plaster on external walls and an amphitheatre; all these elements form a language which was also explored in Sangath

18

The building is approached at the first floor with a forecourt and wide steps flanked by a pool. One enters under a transversal vault which then feeds laterally into the various departments as well as the hostel block. This transversal vault, to me, is the most powerful space in the entire institution and gives this place, a unique identity.

19

20

Triveni Kala Sangam

Cultural and arts centre in New Delhi

Contains four art galleries, a chamber theatre, outdoor theatre and an open air sculpture gallery.

21

Triveni Kala Sangam

Cafeteria

22

India international center

Serves as a meeting place for various cultural and social gatherings the city has to offer.

23

India international center

24

INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE

25

India international center

26

Indian Habitat center

 Joseph Allen Stein decided to radically change the traditional image of an office building as an architectural project and transformed it into an urban design project

27

Indian Habitat center

28

Indian Habitat center

29

Indian Habitat Center

• The space was designed to permit the members of the Centre to share services both inside and outside the building with multiple courtyards, common meeting rooms, shared parking area, library, restaurants, museum, and hotels, some of which are open to the general public. Constructed on nine acres in an urban area, the building eschewed traditional building materials and techniques

30

List of organizationsSharing a common concern for habitat, the following organizations have come together to participate in institution-building, evolving a synergy within the India Habitat Centre complex.Association of Indian Automobile ManufacturersAll India Brick & Tile Manufacturers FederationAll India Housing Development AssociationBuilding Materials & Technology Promotion CouncilCentral Building Research InstituteCentre for Development Studies & Activities (CDSA)Centre for Science & EnvironmentCentre for Science & Technology of the Non-Aligned & Other Developing CountriesConfederation of Indian IndustryConsultancy Development CentreCouncil for Advancement of People's Action & Rural TechnologyCouncil of ArchitectureDelhi Management AssociationDelhi Policy GroupDelhi Urban Art CommissionFoundation for Universal Responsibility of His Holiness The Dalai Lama

Housing & Urban Development Corporation Ltd.Housing Development Finance Corporation Ltd.Indian Council for Research on International Economic RelationsIndian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd.Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced ResearchInfrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Ltd.Institute of Social Studies TrustInternational Labour OrganisationMacArthur FoundationMCD Slum & JJ DepartmentNational Foundation for IndiaNational Capital Region - Planning BoardNational Housing BankNational Institute of DesignUniversity of Pennsylvania Institute for the Advanced Study of IndiaVikram Sarabhai Foundation

31

32

Extensive use of jali by stein is his signature style .

33

34

35

Front Facade

36

Use of stone across the building

37

Sections

38

Kashmir Conference Centre, Srinagar

39

40

41

Gandhi-King Plaza

An Open air memorial in Indian international center

42

Gandhi-King Plaza

43

The Joseph Stein Lane

Joseph stein lane is the only road in Delhi named after the architect.

The Lodhi Estate is nicknamed after Mr.Stein as “Steinabad” as a tribute to the great architect’s contributions to the city of Delhi.

44

Anant D. Raje

45

ANANT DAMODAR RAJE

• Born :September 1929 in Bombay.

• 1954:Graduated in Architecture, Sir J.J. School of Fine Arts, Bombay,

• 1957-1960 :Professional practice with Mr. B.V. Doshi, Architect in Ahmedabad working on Housing for the Textile Industry workers and Housing for Low-Income group, Gujarat University Science Laboratories and Textile Pavilion for Indian Industrial Exposition in New Delhi.

• 1961-1964 :Professional work in Ahmedabad.

• 1964-1968 :In the office of Prof. Louis I. Kahn in Philadelphia.

• 1969- 1971 :Working on construction of the Indian Institute of Business Management Building complex with Louis . Kahn, as his representative to develop design details and organize site office unit and construction work in Ahmedabad

• He is Honorary Director of the School of Architecture, Ahmedabad.

46

Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

Work of Anant Raje With Louis Kahn

47Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

 •Established:1961•Type: Education and Research Institution•Location : Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India•Campus : Urban, 100 acres (0.40 km²)

48

Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad• The campus of IIMA is

dominated by the baked brick style favored by its chief architect, the famous Louis Kahn from Philadelphia.

• All the structures are designed to be part of a whole and create a red-brick mini-cityscape that attracts many architecture students.

• Other architects who collaborated on the campus include the renowned B. V. Doshi and Anant Raje.

49

Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

• Designed by Louis Kahn,campus of the Institute has it all:

• a blend of austerity and majesty;

• spaces for casual interaction; • frequently changing

perspectives; • and a balance between

modernity and tradition that captures the spirit of contemporary India.

• It stimulates the imagination and creativity of the students, who are clearly the best in the country, coming as they do after one of the most rigorous selection process."

50

• Kahn's architecture is notable for its simple, platonic forms and compositions.

• Kahn design of buildings, characterized by powerful, massive forms, made him one of the most discussed architects to emerge after World War II.

• Through the use of brick and poured-in place concrete masonry, he developed a contemporary and monumental architecture that maintained sympathy for the site.

51

Anant Damodar Raje

Designed a number of private and public projects in many Indian cities including

•Bhopal Development Authority Headquarters

• M.A.F.C.O. Wholesale Market built in 1975.

•Galbabhai Training Institute • Institute for Forest Management

52

Bhopal Development Authority Headquarters

•LOCATION :Bhopal, India•Client: Bhopal Development Authority•Date:1988•Building Type: Government•Building Usage: Type: Government office

53

 BHOPAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY HEADQUARTERS

Even though the entire plot is covered by the building to get the maximum land utilization, it has enough open space for terraces built and integrated in the composition of the layout.

54

SECTIONS

55

PLANSTERRACES

56

Besides the ground level designed for the movement of vehicles, the elevated terrace levels keep the pedestrian movement isolated from the vehicular traffic.

57

Bhopal Development Authority Headquarters

58

All openings are integrated with the structure in such a way that they create a pocket of shadow within which the windows fall offering a complete freedom to the design and form of the windows.

59

•To Raje, , light does not merely have the significance of a functional signal

• He says-my work, is like taking light in the form that is brought to us, in the sense of the plan and the choice of material , where you have these gradations of light which become evocative of certain kinds of uses.

• When I'm talking about dark spaces, I don't mean to say absolutely black or anything like that, because no-thing is really black; even night is not really black if you look up into the sky, there is a little luminous glow.

60

The building works with the climate shading the internal spaces from the hot summer sun.

RECESSES IN THE WALL

BALCONIES PROVIDED

61

Bhopal Development Authority Headquarters

62

M.A.F.C.O. WHOLESALE MARKET IN MUMBAI

63

PLAN •Its an outward looking informal structure

64PLAN AND SECTION OF TRADING CELLS

65

•The project layout limits transit vehicular movement and enhances pedestrian circulation within the commercial complex.

•Covered walkways and pedestrian streets are provided.

•The different facilities are arranged around three courts, with the wholesale market at the center and the trading cells, banks and post office buildings on the periphery.

66

GALBABHAI TRAINING INSTITUTE PALANPUR, INDIA

67

68

69

•The buildings are based on the repetition of 4.5 meter wide structural bays roofed with a barrel vault concrete shell.

•This standardization allowed for a rapid and economical construction process.

•The project also features an auction hall with raised platform for loading and unloading produce.

70

PLAN

71

SECTIONS

72

•The series of loggias making up the dormitories do not open on the courtyard placed in their center in order to achieve maximum privacy

•The compound is enclosed by stone walls, and the buildings' openings are spanned by concrete lintels and are deeply recessed to provide additional shade.

73

The exposed stone facades and arched lintels used throughout convey a visual unity to the overall design.

74

75

•The complex, built in the midst of wheat fields, consists of two distinct clusters respectively housing the school and residential units.

•The former group of structures, accessed by a courtyard, is designed as a house, with several courts and rooms where people can gather, and a verandah used as a dining space.

• Indoor and outdoor areas are clearly defined so as to reflect the villagers' perception of space and seclusion.

76

INSTITUTE OF FOREST MANAGEMENT, BHOPAL

77

Location: Bhopal, India Architect/Planner: Anant Damodar RajeClient: Indian Institute of Forest ManagementDate: 1984

Type: educationalBuilding Usage: training Center

78

PLAN

79

• The project restates time tested premises of the court and garden, fundamental to most Islamic architecture in India. The land stradles two hills with outcrops of slate. The natural vegetation is wild grass, which has been allowed to grow, augmented by rows and clumps of trees. The rooms, arcade and porch, are made from a simple vocabulary of trabeated and arcuated construction, with the walls clad with stone screed in shades of green and yellow grey that establishes a close rapport with the site.

80

• Demonstrating rigours and containing faiths so necessary, and yet elusive in practice. The IIFM building has become a touchstone for the professional, especially the young. Humanism & Urbanism: Using primarily Enlightenment design methods, and developing a particular variant of technique or the mode of knowing best represented by the school of Louis Kahn, Anant Raje constructs an ideogrammatic representation of architecture

81

Main plaza

Main approach

82

Main façade

83

View to side façade

84

Façade loggias

85

Stone staircase

Detail of stone load-bearing

façade

86

• The chaotic metropolis of Bombay deeply influences Raje and he infact proclaims himself an "urban man" contrary to Doshi who although from the same school, looks to village life.

87

• Anant raje’s Stress is placed on integration of culture and spiritual wellbeing and efforts as designer are aimed at process of integration of man, the space around him and the elements making up the space.

88

RAJ REWAL

89

RAJ REWAL• RAJ REWAL WAS BORN IN HOSHIARPUR, PUNJAB IN 1934 AND WAS

AMONG THOSE WHO FIRST ENCOUNTERED THE APPLICATION OF ADVANCED WESTERN THEORIES OF URBAN AND BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES IN OUR COUNTRY.

• HE WAS AN ASSOCIATE OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS, LONDON.

• HE WORKED IN THE OFFICES OF MICHEL ECOCHARD, ARCHITECT, PARIS. IN 1962 HE RETURNED TO NEW DELHI TO SET UP HIS OWN

ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE.• HIS HUMANIST APPROACH TO ARCHITECTURE RESPONDS TO THE

COMPLEXITIES OF RAPID URBANIZATION, THE DEMAND OF CLIMATE, CULTURAL TRADITIONS AND BUILDING CRAFTS AND TECHNOLOGIES.

• HIS WORKS COMPRISES A WIDE RANGE OF BUILDING TYPE : NEHRU PAVILION, THE SCOPE OFFICE COMPLEX, THE CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOG, THE WORLD BANK BUILDING, ECT...

90

RAJ REWAL• ACCORDING TO HIM A FUNCTIONAL DESIGN SHOULD BE INVOLVED

WITH A SPECIFIC EMOTIONAL FLAVOUR OR POETIC MOOD. THIS HE REFERRED TO AS THE RASA OF THE BUILDING.

• HE WAS AWARDED GOLD MEDAL BY INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS.

• ALSO ROBERT MATHEW AWARD BY COMMONWEALTH ASSOCIATION OF ARCHITECTS.

• IN 1993, HE WAS HONORED BY MEXICAN ASSOCIATION OF ARCHITECTS.

91

ASIAD VILLAGE HOUSING

92

ASIAD VILLAGE HOUSING• HOUSING COMMISSIONED AND BUILT FOR THE GUESTS OF ASIAN

OLYMPIC GAMES HELD IN INDIAN IN 1982 BUT LATER ON SOLD TO PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS.

• THERE ARE 510 HOUSING UNITS, COMPRISING 200 INDIVIDUAL TOWN HOUSES AND 300 APARTMENTS IN TWO STOREY TO FOUR STOREY WALK UPS WITH OVERALL DENSITY OF 50 UNITS PER HECTARE.

• THE CONCEPT IS BASED UPON A SEQUENCE OF OPEN SPACES LINKED BY NARROW, SHADED PEDESTRIAN STREETS CONTAINING RECREATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES.

• THE PASSAGEWAYS AND LANES ARE INTERRUPTED BY UNITS WHICH SPAN THEM OVERHEAD TO PRODUCE GATEWAY LIKE ENTRANCE.

93

ASIAD VILLAGE HOUSING• INSPIRATION FROM TRADITIONAL STREET SCALE CAN BE SEEN IN NARROW STREETS LINKING THE HOUSING UNITS.

•PERIPHERAL ROADS ARE CONNECTED TO CUL-DE-SAC PARKING AREAS WHICH IN TURN GIVES ACCESS TO INDIVIDUAL GARAGES OR CAR PORCHES ATTACHED TO HOUSES OR APARTMENT BLOCKS.

•VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT IS SEGREGATED .

•DINING COMPLEX FOR THOSE PARTICIPATING IN GAMES WAS CENTRALLY LOCATED AND NOW SERVES AS A RECREATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL CENTRE .

94

95

SITE PLAN

96

SITE VIEW

INTERIOR VIEW

VIEW OF THE COMMON

COURT YARD AND GATEWAY

97

• FIRST COURT ADJOINS THE MP’S READING ROOM AND BPST COMMITTEE ROOM SYMBOLISING THE LIBERTY OF THOUGHT, EXPRESSION, BELIEF, FAITH AND WORSHIP.

• SECOND COURT IS ENCLOSED BY THE M.P.’S DINING HALL CLUB ROOM AND THE AUDITORIUM. THE COURTYARD HAS A BIG TREE SYMBOLIZING JUSTICE-SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL.

• THIRD COURT SURROUNDED BY THE MUSEUM AND AUDITORIUM AND ITS SPACE CAN BE UTILIZED FOR OUTDOOR EXHIBITIONS AROUND THE WATER WHICH REPRESENTS EQUALITY STATUS AND OPPORTUNITY.

• THE COMPLEX IS DEMARCATED IN THREE ZONES ENSURING PRIVACY AND SECURITY FOR THE VIP’S AND SEGREGATION OF THE SCHOLARS AREA OF BPST FROM PUBLIC ACTIVITY AREAS OF THE MUSEUM AND THE AUDITORIUM.

98

• THE FOUR STORY COMPONENT OF THE BUILDING HAS TWO BASEMENTS FOR LIBRARY STACKS ABOVE THE GROUND TO BE USED FOR RESEARCH AND AS WORK SPACES. THE UPPER FLOORS HAVE PUBLIC ROOMS AND ATRIUM SPACES.

• STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENT FOR LOWER FLOORS IS BASED ON A DIAGRID OF PREFABRICATED CONCRETE,ENCASEDINSANDSTONE.

• THE MAJOR PUBLIC AREAS HAVE LARGER SPANS AND ARE COVERED WITH SHALLOW DOMES OF LIGHT-WEIGHT CONCRETE SUPPORTED BY A PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF A VARIETY OF STEEL LATTICES

99

SECTIONS

100PLAN

101

The Permanent Exhibition Complex

102

The Permanent Exhibition Complex• Building Type –

Exhibition• Year - 1972 • The Permanent

Exhibition Complex is designed to form the focus of 130 acres of Exhibition ground designed by Raj Rewal in New Delhi.

103

The Permanent Exhibition Complex•The design was evolved to meet the

constraints of time, availability of materials and labour, but above all, to reflect symbolically and technologically, India's intermediate technology in the 25th year of its independence.

104

The Permanent Exhibition Complex• The depth of the

structural system was utilized as a Sun breaker and conceived of in terms of the traditional 'jali', a geometrical pattern of perforation that serves to obstruct directs rays of the harsh Sun while permitting air circulation.

105• Main pavilion of the Hall of Nations has a clear span of 78 meters and a height varying from three meters to 21 meters, thereby providing a vast capacity for items to be exhibited, from books to bulldozers.

106

Plan

107

Sections

108

109

The building is the first major office to be constructed within the Bhikaji Cama Bazaar area. The aim was to create an air-conditioned office space which would have the least possible initial outlay and subsequently minimum running expanses

110

The form of the building is derived with the aim of saving energy. The service cores are designed in such a manner that they also cut down harsh glare from the south-west, The stepping of floors within the cores and extending different floors to the east and west ends of the building, creates a zone of surface under shadow, thus reducing temperatures. 

Engineers India Limited

111

 The structural cores along with the extended floors form a giant sunbreaker.

112

113

The primary function of the institute is scientific research. The programme contains laboratories, study rooms, a library, auditorium, a director's house and lodgings for professors with families, married assistants and unmarried researchers

114

Each of these dwellings is in its own cluster close to the entrance of the site. The central building also acts as a gateway and its axis corresponds with the main spine of the scheme.

115

PLAN

116

Ranjit SabikhiRanjit Sabikhi is a Delhi based Architect.

He studied in J.J college of architecture, Bombay.

Among most of his contemporary projects , the most famous project is Mughal Sheraton Hotel

Amrapali Spring Medows, Noida

Plan

The Orris City Mall, Noida

The Emaar Housing, Gurgoan

Housing for Ireo, Mohali

Thank- you