Quan điểm và hệ thống các giấy phép của phần mềm tự do nguồn mở.
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1. VN PHP L, H THNGGIY PHP CA PMTDNM V TI LIU M I HC DN LP HI
PHNG 16-18/05/2012 L TRUNG NGHA VN PHNG PHI HP PHT TRIN MI TRNG
KHOA HC V CNG NGH, B KHOA HC & CNG NGH Email:
[email protected] Blogs: http://vnfoss.blogspot.com/
http://blog.yahoo.com/letrungnghia Trang web CLB PMTDNM Vit Nam:
http://vfossa.vn/vi/ HanoiLUG wiki: http://wiki.hanoilug.org/ ng k
tham gia HanoiLUG:
http://lists.hanoilug.org/mailman/listinfo/hanoilug/
2. PHP L & H THNG GIY PHP FOSS1. Quan im ca th gii PMTDNM v
SHTT2. H thng cc giy php ca PMTDNM - Cc loi giy php - Cc giy php d
di - Cc giy php mnh - Phn phi theo vi giy php3. Cc giy php ti liu
m4. Tm lc
3. Quan im ca th gii PMTDNM v SHTT1. Cc giy php cho hu ht cc
phn mmc thit k ly i s t do ca bn chias v sa i n. Richard Stallman,
GPLv2.2. PMTDNM L SHTT. Michael Teamann(OSFA, OSI, Red Hat)3. T b
mt s quyn SHTT ch ct mingi s dng phn mm c d dng.Bruce Perens ( vit
nh ngha PMNM).4. Quyn SHTT: (a) m bo quyn o c vvt cht ca ngi sng
to; (b) ph hp viquyn cng khai i vi li ch t sng to, bov u t trong
sng to, R&D. hi ha,SHTT l tm thi v ht hn khi hon thnhchc nng
khuyn khch ca n.
4. Quan im ca th gii PMTDNM v SHTT5. Vic sao chp (phn mm) khng
phi l s n cp, nkhng lm mt i th g ca tc gi, d c th gy thit hicho ch
s hu, qua vic ly i t anh ta li tc c kh nngt vic bn hng.6. Khng th
kim sot cc bn sao phn mm, ni dung vmt an ninh v php l cho mi ngi
khi vi phm khng ch gia tng, c bit khi 2/3 dn s dng Internet ngy
nay.7. Tnh sng to khi sao chp tng dn khi c thm gi trsng to b sung
=> sao chp + i mi sng to kimsot c nht mt tc phm bi tc gi ca
n
5. Quan im ca th gii PMTDNM v SHTT8. S bt chc vi nhng ci tin
tng l nn tng trongs pht trin ca cc siu cng nh M, Nht v rt quantrng
cho s c lp v ti chnh ca cc quc gia ang PT.9. Bng sng ch phn mm tng
l ng lc pht trint 500 nm trc. Tuy nhin, ngy cng nhiu ting ni chothy
n ang cn tr i mi sng to, c bit hin nay.10. Cuc chin bng sng ch phn
mm ngy nay ccnng; PMTDNM chng li cc bng sng ch phn mm.Mi y Chnh ph
M tha nhn chnh thc s ng gp toln ca PMTDNM.
6. H thng cc giy php ca PMTDNM1. C PMTDNM v PMSHQ u cungcp cho
NSD mt giy php. Trong khigiy php ca PMSHQ (EULA) thngc ni dung cm
on NSD, th ccgiy php ca PMTDNM li thng lmiu ngc li.2. Tt c cc giy
php PMTDNM uphi tun th nh ngha hoc ca PMTDt FSF, hoc ca PMNM t
OSI.3. Khi c nhiu ngi ng gp m nguncho mt d n PMTDNM, mi ngi nggp c
th s k tha thun vi cng tyhoc qu ng sau PMTDNM . C thathun nhng li
bn quyn, c thathun khng nh bn quyn.
7. Cc loi giy php ca PMTDNM- C hn 70 loi giy php khc nhau, dtrn
thc t ch 4-5 loi s dng ph bin.- C 4 quyn t do c bn cho NSD t FSF:1.
T do s dng v bt k mc ch g2. T do phn phi cho bt k ai3. T do sa i
theo nh cu s dng4. T do phn phi li bn sa i cho btk ai, d c ph hay
min ph.- PMTD l ni v quyn t do, nh t dongn lun, khng phi t do ung
bia.- C 10 im trong nh ngha PMNM t OSI
8. Cc giy php d di1. Cn c gi l cc giy php ho phnghoc ti thiu,
bn cht: T do cho ti lp trnhvin. Khi phn phi li phn mm, lp trnh vinc
th c php phn phi li phn mm dng m ngun hoc m nh phn nhPMSHQ. in hnh
l giy php h BSD. BSDcho quyn thay i ty PM v tch hp vocc PM khc m
khng c hn ch no.2. Thng cc giy php BSD c traocho nhng d n th im, d
n lmchun c kinh ph t Chnh ph M.3. Giy php tng t: Apache,Zope Public
License
9. Cc giy php mnh1. Cn c gi l cc giy php Copyleft.2. Mang T do
cho ti ngi s dng.Bt k ai ng gp thm m ngunvo cho chng trnh th cc m
ngun cng s mang giy php gc ban ukhi phn phi phn mm phi sinh .3.
Trit l: PM c tc gi, khng c ch s hu.4. Cc giy php Copyleft: GNU
GeneralPulic Licence (khong 60% cc PMTDNMmang giy php ny, trong c
nhnLinux); GNU Lesser General Public Licence(LGPL); Affero General
Public Licence(AGPL). Ngoi ra c 1 s giy php mnh:Sleepycat; eCos
Licence; IBM Public Licence 1.0;Mozilla Public Licence 1.1.
10. Phn phi theo vi giy php1. S dng giy php i. V d:
Trolltechphn phi Qt theo giy php i: nu phnmm GPL i vi Qt th s dng
Qt GPL. Nuphn mm khng tng thch GPL i vi Qtth phi mua giy php c bit
s dng.Tng t: StarOffice c giy php c quyn,trong khi OpenOffice.org c
giy php LGPL.2. c bit, Mozilla Firefox tng chp nhnnhng ng gp theo 3
giy php MPL, GPLv LGPL, l do khng tm c cc lp trnhvin tng ng gp m
ngun cho d n.3. Thm thng tin v giy php ca PMTDNM,xem y (khuyn co s
dng, bn dch ...).
11. Cc giy php ti liu m1. Xut x: Ti liu l mt phn khng th thiu
cachng trnh nh theo Lut SHTT ca TBN.Ti liu v th c cng mc t do vi
phn mm.Bt k lc no c thay i trong chng trnhth cng c thay i trong ti
liu.2. Ti liu chng trnh thng khng c nh dng,hoc dng vn bn th, khng b
ph thucvo bt k trnh son tho no, Cty no.3. C 2 loi giy php ti liu m:
GNU GeneralFree Document Licence (GFDL) v CreativeCommons (CC). CC
c nhiu loi khc nhau nhcc hnh bn.4. Cc dng ni dung khc: sch, nh,
multimedia...
12. Tm lc1. SHTT tc ng ln PMTDNM. Nu c pdng ng, th n c tc dng
bo v s tn tica PMTDNM v cc giy php ca n.2. C nhiu loi giy php, vi
cc u nhc imkhc nhau. Trong khi GPL a quyn t do v titn ngi s dng u
cui, th BSD li aquyn t do v cho nhng ngi sa i hocphn phi li.3. Khi
khi xng mt d n PMTDNM, rt quantrng phi chn ngay mt giy php theo v
sauny khng d sa i.4. PMTDNM v PMSHQ khng ch khc nhau vbn cht cc giy
php, m cn khc nhau bncht ca m hnh pht trin v cc m hnh kinhdoanh ca
chng.