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Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Respectfully Prepared By: Group One
Grade VIII- Aristotle
(officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia or KSA) is the
largest Arab state in Western Asia by land area (approximately
2,150,000 km2 (830,000 square mi), constituting the bulk of the
Arabian Peninsula) and the second-largest in the Arab
world (after Algeria)
It was founded by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud (known for most of his career
as Ibn Saud) in 1932.
It is categorized as a high income economy with 19th highest GDP in
the world. Being the world's largest oil exporter is the basis for its
position as one of the 20 most powerful countries in the world
Saudi Arabia
History of Arabic Literature
What we know about the origins of the Arabic literary tradition
comes about because of the revelation of the Qur’an to Muhammad, the
Prophet of Islam, beginning in the late 7th century and the subsequent
process of recording the oral pronouncements in written form. The need
to interpret the resulting text demanded a knowledge of the origins of
the Arabic language and the recording of examples of Arabic that
preceded the revelations. The most significant literary forms of
expression from this pre-Islamic era, known in Arabic as “al-jahiliyyah”
(the period of ignorance), were an elaborate, orally transmitted corpus
of poetry, passed down from one generation to another by bards, and
highly prized within the tribal environment of the Arabian peninsula.
Arabic Literature
Arabic literature is the writing, both prose and poetry, produced by
writers in the Arabic language. The Arabic word used for literature is
"adab", which is derived from a meaning of etiquette, and which implies
politeness, culture and enrichment. Arabic literature emerged in the 5th
century with only fragments of the written language appearing before
then. The Qur'an, widely regarded as the finest piece of literature work
in the Arabic language, would have the greatest lasting effect on Arabic
culture and its literature. Arabic literature flourished during the Islamic
Golden Age, but has remained vibrant to the present day, with poets
and prose-writers across the Arab world achieving increasing success.
PoetryArabic poetry is the earliest form of Arabic literature. It is categorized
into two main types, rhymed or measured, and prose. The rhymed poetry falls
within fifteen different meters collected and explained by al-Farahidi in The
Science of ‘Arud. Al-Akhfash, a student of al-Farahidi, later added one more meter
to make them sixteen. The meters of the rhythmical poetry are known in Arabic
as "seas". The measuring unit of seas is known as "taf‘īlah" and every sea
contains a certain number of taf'ilas which the poet has to observe in every verse
of the poem. The measuring procedure of a poem is very rigorous. Sometimes
adding or removing a consonant or a vowel can shift the bayt from one meter to
another. Also, in rhymed poetry, every bayt has to end with the same rhyme
throughout the poem.Researchers and critics of Arabic poetry usually classify it in
two categories: classical and modern poetry. Classical poetry was written before
the Arabic renaissance . Thus, all poetry that was written in the classical style is
called "classical" or "traditional poetry" since it follows the traditional style and
structure. It is also known as "horizontal poetry" in reference to its horizontal
parallel structure. Modern poetry, on the other hand, deviated from classical
poetry in its content, style, structure, rhyme and topics.
YOU OR THE MOON
By: Mohammed samir Mohammed taysir Alsahhar
When you appear the moon, the stars and the sun disappear.
Your face shines in the dark sky
Like the sun that shines in daylight.
When I looked at the moon,
It was smiling like a beautiful child.
I wondered why the moon is smiling
On the first day of the month.
Suddenly, I saw a face an angel
That was flying between the clouds.
I start smiling like a beauty child who never lies.
It was your face, my beautiful angel.
A face when God has created it,
He created the beauty and love.
A face I always dream about it in my waking and at midnight.
I asked, who is more beautiful, you or the moon?
I heard aloud voice that was coming from the sky.
Your amazing night angel is
The most beautiful on Earth and in the sky.
EXAMPLE
The Fox & the Wolf
“Trust is the glue of friendship.”
Alladin’s Lamp
The Bull and the Donkey
Poems from the literature of the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
CONNECTION OF TWO HEARTS .By. Najma Saeed
Love is the connection of two hearts.Love is understanding. Love is accommodating.
Like one soul with two opposite bodies.Come, my love, take my hand, we too fast.Inside there is a soul that loves to dance.
Love is the connection of two spirits.Love forgets, love forgives, love never gets old.
Before I opened my heart for you.I fell in love with you.
Your love came into my life.My heart is still crying.
Love is the connections of two souls.I could express my love forever and ever.
True love comes only from the heart.It hurts when you are away.
Now that you have stolen my heart.Love always stays young at heart.
Love is the connection of two hearts.
THE WORLD OF TEARSBy: Fatima Khan TariqTears conquer my eyes
And start tumbling and fallingLike the snow from innocent heavens
And it stays.....And lasts long longer and so on
Like the winter seasonIn the cold arctic
As if it's the owner Of my small youthful eyes.
This is one season And one condition only
Which my eyes have experiencedIn these long thirteen years
Never has the spring season Or, as people say, the spring seasonCrossed, invaded or ruled my eyes
My eyes nor my soul.
Long lasts my wishTo catch a glimpseOr to experience
Of how it is to be happyTo live happy
And die happy.I wish......
If there was an endA complete end
To my suffering woe.
The All-high by Karim ArdatiAt the dawn
and when the sun is shown i walk on my ownall my pain throwni walk on my own.
dawn: is my teen age like when i was 12 yearssun: knowledge in everything
To discover new phasesof my life that changes
under the control of my fingersI shall make my life into all it's pressures
3-O,world!how humble u are
with your moon and all your starswhen u meet the all high
O world don't crywe're his creatures also you are
even with your moon and your star.O mankind!
don't even tryto match the all-high
hands and eyesbones and mindsare when you die
ashes left in the dry (land)in the land of the all high
At the end i shall saywe will stay in this or that day
watched all the wayby the one to whom we pray .
Narrative & Essays
As is the case in many world cultural traditions, the origins of what can
be termed “prose writing” in Arabic lie in the realm of bureaucracy and especially
letter-writing (the chancery). The origins of the movement are closely associated
with two phenomena: firstly the translation of works from other cultures (and
especially Persian) into Arabic, beginning in the 7th-8th centuries); and secondly
the emergence of a discipline called in Arabic “adab,” implying correct behavior
and the observance of proper cultural norms.
This community of bureaucrats and scholars provided the creative cultural
context within which a large number of essays and compendia of information
were now composed and compiled—and on a bewildering variety of topics:
manuals for secretaries, information about poets, jurists and Sufis; collections of
poetry and anecdote; and so on.
In the 10th century a scholar from the city of Hamadhan, whose prowess
as a writer earned him the nickname Badi` al-zaman (“wonder of the era,” d.
1008), began to write a series of amusing vignettes (called Maqamat in Arabic) in
which a narrator and rogue tour around the Middle East, poke fun at the foibles of
mankind and produce pastiches of other types of composition. This form of
writing was made yet more elaborate by Al-Hariri (d. 1122), and the tradition was
continued in ensuing centuries and carried into the modern period. One type of
narrative which curiously has not been regarded by Arabs as being part of the
literary tradition is the repertoire of popular tales and sagas, mostly because they
were composed and publicly performed in a level of Arabic language that kept
them outside the exclusive realms of literature (as defined by critics). Part of that
popular tradition is the world-famous collection of tales known in Arabic as Alf
laylah wa-laylah (A Thousand and One Nights) and in the West as The Arabian
Nights. In its original form (probably coming to the Arab world from India and
Persia) it was complete by the 14th century at the latest, but the translation of
the collection into French in the early 18th century led to a huge increase of
interest in the collection among Europeans. Other tales, not originally part of the
collection were added, and—unfortunately for us—the two tales that are most
famous in the West, “Aladdin” and “Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves,” are both
French fakes.
Culture of Saudi Arabia
Music
The music of Saudi Arabia includes both Western and traditional music.
Like many of its Persian Gulf neighbors, khaleeji folk traditions are
popular styles. The most distinguished musician in recent Saudi history
is Tariq Abdulhakeem, who composed hundreds of famous Saudi songs
for himself as well as for other singers. Music, however, is considered
"sinful" by some Muslims. This is based, in part, on certain ahadith
which speak negatively of non-percussion musical instruments and the
idea that music and art are distractions from God.
Sports
Football is the national sport in Saudi Arabia. In recent years, some
Saudi players currently play in Europe. The Saudi Arabian national
football team is governed by the Saudi Arabia Football Federation (SFF).
The national team competed in the FIFA World Cup four times, and the
AFC Asian Cup 12 times. Some sports are prohibited in Saudi Arabia.
That includes sports that involve killing.
Basketball is also popular. The Saudi Arabian national basketball team
won the bronze medal at the 1999 Asian Championship.
Religion
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an Islamic theocratic monarchy in which Islam is
the official religion; the law requires that all Saudi citizens be Muslims. Religious
freedom is non-existent. The Government does not provide legal recognition or
protection for freedom of religion, and it is severely restricted in practice.
Moreover, the public practice of non-Muslim religions is prohibited. The Saudi
Mutaween (Arabic: مطوعين), or Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the
Prevention of Vice (i.e., the religious police), enforces the prohibition on the public
practice of non-Muslim religions.
For this reason, Saudi culture lacks the diversity of religious expression, buildings,
annual festivals and public events that is seen in countries where religious
freedom is permitted.
Tourist Spots
2. Al-Ula
Al-Ula in Saudi Arabia is one of the
most interesting Saudi Arabia Tourist
Attractions. This is an ancient site that
had once had been the hub of trade
and commerce. The Al-Ula in Saudi
Arabia is located somewhere between
Al Madinah and Tabuk in the central
region of Saudi Arabia.
1. Al Masjid al Nabawi
One of the most important symbols
of the Islamic Religion of Saudi
Arabia, Al-Masjid al-Nabawi located in
Madina is considered to be the
world's second holiest mosque. Al-
Masjid al-Nabawi at Saudi Arabia in
Asia was built by the Prophet himself,
and raised up to its present stature,
by later Islamic rulers.
Tourist Spots
4. Jabal al-Lawz
Jabal al-Lawz features among the most
popular Saudi Arabia Tourist Attractions
and the region is famous for its unique
flora and fauna. A bird watchers
paradise and a botanists Eden, the Jabal
al-Lawz in Saudi Arabia is a treat for all.
Put on your trekking gear and roll up
your sleeves as you prepare for the
enchanting expedition of your life.
3. Dumat al Jundal
A seat of the rich Culture of Saudi
Arabia, this mysterious city is
mentioned by the name
"Adamatu" in the Assyrian records.
The present name of the city
means "Dumah of the Stone", after
the name of Dumah, one of the
twelve sons of Ishmael.
Did You Know?
Saudis and Muslims pray 5 times a day:
Fajr (Dawn)
Dhuhr (Midday)
Asr (Afternoon)
Maghrib (Sunset)
Isha'a (Evening)
Did You Know?
Thursdays and Fridays are the official weekend days
here in Saudi Arabia. In other Muslim countries, they
may vary, but still, Friday (called "Al-Juma'a" in Arabic,
meaning "The gathering day") is a sacred day
dedicated to spending time with the family and
attending holy prayers. It's basically the Islamic
counterpart of Christian's Sundays.
شكرا
!لالستماع