“Imagine a world in which everyone has free access to the sum of human knowledge in their own language.” - Jimmy Wales, founder of Wikipedia

wiki{LAM}wikipedia + wikidata for

libraries, archives, & museums653-01 Knowledge OrganizationDr. Cristina Pattuelli • Fall 2017

Emily Sposa, Ursula RomeroSarah Adams, & Kevina Tidwell

Image by Pixabay user OpenClipart-Vectors - CC0 https://pixabay.com/en/teeter-totter-playground-children-148268/

Who Should Have the Power Over Knowledge?Who Has the Power Over Knowledge?

INSTITUTIONS! “THE PEOPLE”!

FORM

FUNC

TIO

N

For full list of references, please scan QR code ->

Wikipedian-in-Residence - British Museum - Brooklyn Museum

Edit-a-Thon - Interference Archive - Boston University Library

Crowdsourcing Content - Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam - German Bundesarchiv

Wikipedian + Art Curator Mixers - British Museum

Wikipedia as Public Program - State Library of Queensland

VIAFbot - OCLC, Wikipedia

Wikidata for Digital Preservation - Yale University

Improve wikipedia pages by adding verifiable information, bolstering credibility.

Link back to institution’s holdings.

Increase traffic to institution’s website.

Replace incorrect and untrue information.

Present expertise in a new format to more users than would visit the institution’s page.

Using wikipedia as instruction tool on institution’s holdings.

HOW have LAM’s engaged with wikipedia or wikidata?

WHY would a LAM engage

with wikipedia or wikidata?

*a non-exhaustive list

How Can We Collaborate?

Classification and Metadata Creation for Stolen, Lost, and Repatriated ObjectsDrew Facklam, Dana Kautto, Kristen Tivey, and Amelia Bathke

Ownership: Concepts and History Laws, Treaties and Conventions: 1863 (Federal Law 100), 1907 (Hague Convention), 1970 (UNESCO Convention), 1990 (NAGPRA)

Examples: Elgin Marbles, Kennewick Man

Creating Digital Files for Repatriation More museums and art museums rely on creating digital files for their repatriation projects and there are several different methods that museums use:

● Creating a digital file so the group of people can recreate their own copy of an artifact

● Offering the people's access to a virtual tour of the museum in which their artifacts are for education

● Taking 3D scans and creating a replica so the original can be preserved or given back

Figure 2. Getty Publications.

Figure 1. Elgin Marbles. Getty Images.

Figure 3. Killer Whale Hat and its Replica, Smithsonian Museum.

Figure 5. Traditional Knowledge Attribution labels used at Plateau Peoples’ Web Portal, Local Contexts.

Linked Open Data: Issues of Ownership Art museums are increasingly using LOD to provide linked access to their collections. What effects could this have for issues of ownership?

● Collection metadata can be owned by all ● This shared ownership may be unwanted in cases of

unjustly owned/displayed art ● A wider audience can better scrutinize issues of art

documentation and ownership ● Linking between institutions introduces much-needed

conversations regarding complex relationships, including questions of ownership

Figure 4. An example of LOD in art museums is American Art Collaborative founded in 2015.

Ethically Organizing Knowledge Things to keep in mind in order to responsibly name, catalog, and classify disputed cultural objects:

● Language, assumptions, “best” practices: all up for decolonization

● There is no one, true context—artifacts can have layered histories and meanings

● Subject Headings and Vocabularies were set by biased humans, often long ago

● Awareness & understanding are important , collaboration and action are more impactful

An example of a collaborative archive by U.S. institutions & indigenous peoples: Plateau Peoples’ Web Portal at http://plateauportal.libraries.wsu.edu

Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO) ● Used by an overwhelming number of institutions while

creating internal standards ● Interoperable ● Huge variety in what kind of objects a record can

identify ● Consistently uses authority control

LIS 653-01: Fall 2017 with Prof. Cristina Pattuelli

Dance Cataloguing and Notation

NYPL Dance Division: Library of Congress:

Reference:

Dance Notation: • Early dance notation was show as with

the vertical line to symbolize the spine. This sometimes ran alongside the music to go along with the notes in the score.

• In 1928 Rudolf Von Laban published Schrifttanz, a dance script, that has become known as Labanotation (see diagram below)

Emma Karin Eriksson, Rose Kernochan, Chelsea Fritz, and Kasey Breien

LIS – 653-01 Knowledge Organization

Professor Pattuelli Fall 2017

The Dictionary Catalog of the Dance Collection:

• I n 1 9 6 4 , N Y P L w a s designated its own division called: Dance Division

• In 1965 librarians Dorothy Lourdou & G. Oswald created a cataloging system for their collection.

• Created in 1974. • Originally started with 8,000

subject headings. • Eventually grew to 45,000

entries in their authority list. And filled 10 volumes.

Dance And RDA:

• Rule 25.5B deals with dance in two parts. The first addressing qualifiers to a heading. The second how to address a uniform language.

• In November2014 RDA committee decided to adopt the idea that choreographed work falls under authorship

Bourassa, D. (2015). Library cataloging reforms and their impact on choreographic works. Dance Chronicle , 38, 233-242. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01472526.2015.1042948

Labanotation Basics. (n.d.). Retrieved November 28, 2017, from http://www.dancenotation.org/lnbasics/frame0.html

2003

Today

2006

20101998 2004

WWW

FOLKSONOMY Is the result of personal free tagging of information and objects (anything with a URL) for one's own retrieval. The tagging is done in a social environment (shared and open to others). The act of tagging is done by the person consuming the information.

FOLKSONOMY

• NO HIERARCHY

• NO AUTHORITY

CONTROL

• USER BASED

DECISIONS

• FLEXIBLE

TAXONOMY

• HIERARCHY

• CONTROLLED

VOCABULARY

• DECIDED BY

AUTHORITY

• RIGID

• Create Your Own Vocabulary

• Publicly Tag Objects

• Fluid Organizational Structure

• Reflect Current Ways of

Thinking

• International Collaboration

The FOLKSONOMY is dead

Long live SOCIAL

TAGGING!

FOLKSONOMIES ARE

GREAT!

• Absorbed by Social Tagging

• Useful for Information

Retrieval

• Web Navigation

• Metadata Now Being

Monetized

C. McLaughlin, Robin Miller, and Katie Wolf

Linked Open DataLindsay Menachemi, Kasey Calnan, Christine Hesch

LIS 653-01Dr. M. Cristina PattuelliFall 2017

Sources1 W3C. (2015). Linked Open Data. Retrieved from https://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/data2 Berners-Lee, T., Bizer, C., & Heath, T. (2009). Linked Data- The Story So Far. Retrieved November 15, 2017 from https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/271285/1/bizer-heath-berners-lee-ijswis-linked-data.pdf.3 Linked Data - Design Issues. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2017, from https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html.4 Smith, M. (n.d.). Proposed: a 4-star classification-scheme for linked open cultural metadata. Retrieved December 01, 2017, from http://lod-lam.net/summit/2011/06/06/proposed-a-4-star-classification-scheme-for-linked-open-cultural-metadata/5 Voss, J. (2012). Radically Open Cultural Heritage Data on the Web. Retrieved December 01, 2017, from https://www.museumsandtheweb.com/mw2012/papers/radically_open_cultural_heritage_data_on_the_web

Sir Tim Berners-Lee’s 4 Main Principles

1: Name the resource (via URI)2: Use HTTP URI’s to enable discovery3: Provide useful information using standards (like RDF)4: Include links to other URI’s so that people can discover related things

Data should be universally identifiable, openly available, and relational.

All LOD lives on the Semantic Web. It was originally envisioned by Tim Berners-Lee, the same inventor as the World Wide Web.

RDF triples are the common standard used to create LOD.

Darth Vader URI

IsFatherOf Luke Skywalker URI

“Everything that’s good about the web comes from links.”

- Raimond & Smethurst, 2009, as cited in Schilling

His 5-star system can determine LOD’s effectiveness.

Benefits

1: Accessing the METADATA

2: LOD-LAM summit! Users driven to online content! New scholarship with open

data! Creation of new Services! Collaboration between LAM

3: Utilizing data to its fullest potential for the community

Challenges

1: Data Fusion & Consistency2: Trust & Quality3: Link Maintenance & Reliability4: Privacy5: In Libraries, Archives & Museums

LODLAM Case StudiesLibraries: KCPL & Civil War on the Western BorderArchives: LOCAH & Civil War Data 150Museums: Smithsonian American Art Museum

#Hashtags By Micaela Walker, Hsiu-Man Lin, & Camilla Yohn-Barr

# sign incorporated into touchtone phone pad at

Bell Laboratories

1963

1988Internet Relay Chat

(IRC) starts using # to identify topics over a

computer network

Twitter Launches

2006

Aug 2007First ever use of a hashtagby Google designer Chris

Messina #barcamp

Nate Ritter uses #sandiegofire to

tweet real time info about the fire as a

crowdsourcing tool

Oct 2007

Hashtag’s function officially incorporated into

the Twitter searchplatform (after rejecting it previously as “too nerdy”)

2009

#nerdsrule

2013Facebook

incorporateshashtags into

their search

#

USED FOR#Emphasizing

#Critiquing

#Identifying

#Iterating

#Rallying

A post on anysearchableinternet platform

A hashtag can be a command, folksonomy, paralanguage, metadata, facet, advertisement,and/or cultural phenomenon that is used professionally, socially, privately and/or publicly toorganize, inform, and communicate. They can be used in conjunction with images, tweets, posts, websites, search engines and blogs, or on their own. They are created by users and canbe adopted and adapted by anyone.

Social Networks #adulting

Institutions#emptymet

Companies#howdoyouKFC

Movements#blacklivesmatter

Knowledge Organization with Professor Pattuelli LIS 653-01 Fall 2017

Sources: https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/octothorpe/, Daer, Hoffman, & Goodman, “Rhetorical Functions of Hashtag Forms Across Social MediaApplications,” 2014.Giannoulakis & Tsapatsoulis, “Evaluating the descriptive power of Instagram Hashtags”, 2016.Images, from left: courtesy Creative Commons, computerhope.com, twitter.com, courtesy 99% Invisible (2), pnging.com

Miriam-Webster (noun) A word or phrase preceded by the symbol (#) that classifies or categorizes the accompanying text (such as a tweet).