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2. Linguistic Imperialism
3. e.g. French to New Caledonia 4. e.g.Russian to Soviet states 5. e.g . English to Maori speaker 6. To assimilate minorities 7. The Kurds
8. Treaty Agreements
9. Article 39(4): No restriction shall be imposed on thefree useby any Turkish national ofany languagein private intercourse, in commerce, religion, in the press, or in publications of any kind or at public meetings. 10. Article 39(5): notwithstanding the existence of the official language,adequate facilitiesshall be given toTurkish nationals of non-Turkish speechfor the oral use of their own language before the courts. 11. Article 37: Turkey undertakes that the stipulations contained in Articles 38 to 44 shall be recognised as fundamental laws, and that no law or regulation, no official action shall conflict or interfere with these stipulations, nor shall any law, regulation, nor official action prevail over them. 12. What happened?
13. Print allowed, but monitored. 14. Kurds became mountain Turks. 15. Turkish becomes official language of court and education MOI. 16. Kurdish banned. 17. Linguistic Imperialism and Linguicism
18. Attacking language means attacking culture. 19. Kurdish generally discouraged.
20. Kurdish not allowed in school. 21. Slovakia
= 50 -100% Hungarian = 10 -50% Hungarian = 0 10% Hungarian 22. Language Law
23. Punishments for foreign language use in official communication. 24. High deinsity minority areas can receive hospital care. 25. Linguicism
26. Even where support is offered, it is offered only to larger minorities. 27. Gatekeeping
28. Applied by powerful groups onto less powerful groups. 29. Very common experience in multilingual contexts. 30. Speaking dominant language will 'open gates' Hablar espanol? 31. Linguistic Capital
32. More power is given to speakers of dominant languages. 33. Similar principle to gatekeeping. 34. Minority languages lack linguistic capital. 35. References:
36. In Slovakia speak Slovak 37. Study Guide (2009)Language, Discoure and Power.Massey University.